The Northern Cheyenne Exodus and the 1878 Battle of Turkey Springs (open access)

The Northern Cheyenne Exodus and the 1878 Battle of Turkey Springs

Article describes a major victory by the Northen Cheyennes in the Battle of Turkey Springs in 1878. After surrender and relocation to Indian Territory in Oklahoma, the Northern Cheyennes faced difficult conditions and fought U.S. troops in order to return to their homeland. Stan Hoig highlights their often-overlooked success.
Date: Spring 2002
Creator: Hoig, Stan
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Lingering Shadow: The Grapes of Wrath and Oklahoma Leaders in the Post-Depression Era (open access)

The Lingering Shadow: The Grapes of Wrath and Oklahoma Leaders in the Post-Depression Era

Article discusses the impact of the 1939 novel, The Grapes of Wrath, on the reputation of the citizens of Oklahoma in the 1930s. After the discriminatory term "Okie" was adopted to refer to struggling migrant Oklahomans, government administration and civic leaders worked to change the way Oklahomans were viewed in the post-depression era.
Date: Spring 2003
Creator: Collins, Jennifer J.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Looking for Adventure: Ponca Warriors of the Forty-fifth Infantry Division in the Korean War (open access)

Looking for Adventure: Ponca Warriors of the Forty-fifth Infantry Division in the Korean War

Article describes the military service of the Ponca men who served in the 279th Infantry Regiment of the Forty-fifth Infantry Division in the Korean War.
Date: Spring 2006
Creator: van de Logt, Mark
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"The Lost Shepherds": Methodist Missionaries among the Ponca Indian Tribe of Oklahoma, 1888-1940 (open access)

"The Lost Shepherds": Methodist Missionaries among the Ponca Indian Tribe of Oklahoma, 1888-1940

Article describes the efforts of early Methodist Episcopal missionaries to convert members of the Ponca tribe to the Methodist faith and renounce some of their traditional practices after government agents had reported a need for cultural assimilation. Mark van de Logt illuminates the negative bias held towards some Native American traditions and the reasoning of both the missionaries and the Poncas for their actions.
Date: Summer 2003
Creator: van de Logt, Mark
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"You Have the Land. I Have the Cattle": Intermarried Whites and the Chickasaw Range Lands (open access)

"You Have the Land. I Have the Cattle": Intermarried Whites and the Chickasaw Range Lands

In this article Wendy St. Jean explores the methods by which cattlemen amassed large grazing pastures and describes how the Chickasaw government responded. These methods involved seeking marriage with Chickasaw women to obtain land in the Chickasaw nation.
Date: Summer 2000
Creator: St. Jean, Wendy
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"Yakni Achukma, The School with a Soul": A History of the Goodland Indian Orphanage (open access)

"Yakni Achukma, The School with a Soul": A History of the Goodland Indian Orphanage

Article describes the founding and history of Goodland Indian Orphanage, one of the few mid-nineteenth century schools for Native American children that promoted inclusion of their culture and language along with assimilation initiatives. Ruby Wile includes personal recollections of the LaCroix family, four Choctaw children who lived at the Presbyterian institution.
Date: Winter 2002
Creator: Wile, Ruby
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Writ Large and Small: State and Local Race Relations and the Meridian "Race Riot" of 1926 (open access)

Writ Large and Small: State and Local Race Relations and the Meridian "Race Riot" of 1926

Article describes the history of racial violence and segregation among the white and black communities of Oklahoma, highlighting two investigations in Meridian, Oklahoma as a demonstration of what local authorities were willing to label a "race riot."
Date: Summer 2009
Creator: Klein, James E.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"Your Enemies May Attract Unwanted Friends": Gerald L. K. Smith, Patrick Hurley, and the 1948 New Mexico Senate Race (open access)

"Your Enemies May Attract Unwanted Friends": Gerald L. K. Smith, Patrick Hurley, and the 1948 New Mexico Senate Race

Article explores Gerald L. K. Smith's intrusion into the 1948 United States Senate race in New Mexico, in which native Oklahoman Patrick J. Hurley was the Republican candidate. In the mid-twentieth century, Gerald L. K. Smith became well-known for the viciousness of his views, his bigotry, and his extremism.
Date: Autumn 2004
Creator: Buhite, Russell D.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Forty Feet Under: Kaw City and the Kaw Project on the Arkansas River, 1957-1976 (open access)

Forty Feet Under: Kaw City and the Kaw Project on the Arkansas River, 1957-1976

Article describing the process of the construction of the Kaw Dam and Reservoir. From the mid-1950s the inhabitants of Kaw City, founded in 1902 in Kay County, anticipated the construction of Kaw Dam and Reservoir on the Arkansas River. As the bureaucratic process dragged on for decades, the project divided the community. Ultimately, the residents rebuilt on a new site, and by 1977 "Old" Kaw City lay forty feet under Kaw Lake.
Date: Winter 2006
Creator: Lowitt, Richard, 1922-2018
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
J. A. Webb: Early-Day Cotton Breeder from Union City, Oklahoma (open access)

J. A. Webb: Early-Day Cotton Breeder from Union City, Oklahoma

Article recounts the talented amateur agronomist J. A. Webb's diligent work to perfect a better variety of cotton, which he marketed as Webb's Purple cotton seed beginning in 1933.
Date: Winter 2006
Creator: Albers-Nelson, M. Rene & Verhalen, Laval M.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Emperor Haile Selassie in Stillwater: The First Visit to Oklahoma by a Reigning Foreign Head of State (open access)

Emperor Haile Selassie in Stillwater: The First Visit to Oklahoma by a Reigning Foreign Head of State

Article discusses Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia's visit to Oklahoma A&M College in 1954. This event followed the collaborative efforts between the country's leadership and Oklahoma A&M to found the Jimma Agricultural Technical School and the Imperial Ethiopian College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts in Ethiopia. Theodore M. Vestal describes the visit, the life of the Ethiopian emperor, and the history of Ethiopia in the following years.
Date: Summer 2001
Creator: Vestal, Theodore M.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Ensign L. L. Culver: "You can call me salty now" (open access)

Ensign L. L. Culver: "You can call me salty now"

Article recounts the life and rigorous training experience of undertaker-turned-ensign L.L. Culver in the United States navy in the early years of World War II. Brad Agnew reconstructs the officer's experiences from letters sent home, and concludes the article with the beginning of a journey that is continued in the Spring 2003 issue of The Chronicles of Oklahoma.
Date: Winter 2002
Creator: Agnew, Brad
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Eliza Jane Ross: A Pioneer Cherokee Educator (open access)

Eliza Jane Ross: A Pioneer Cherokee Educator

Article provides a biography of Eliza Jane Ross, niece of Cherokee Chief John Ross and prominent pioneer teacher within the Cherokee Nation, paying tribute to her dedication as an educator and impact on the communities she taught.
Date: Summer 2009
Creator: McCullagh, James G.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The "Come-As-You-Are" War: Fort Sill and the Persian Gulf Crisis of 1990-1991 (open access)

The "Come-As-You-Are" War: Fort Sill and the Persian Gulf Crisis of 1990-1991

Article illustrates the resilience and quick adaption to rapid change Fort Sill employed during the Persian Gulf Crisis, mobilizing large groups of soldiers during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Demands for personnel, training, and equipment were high during this time, and Boyd L. Dastrup describes the situation at the army post.
Date: Summer 2005
Creator: Dastrup, Boyd L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Consorting with Blood and Violence: The Decline of the Oklahoma Ku Klux Klan (open access)

Consorting with Blood and Violence: The Decline of the Oklahoma Ku Klux Klan

Article showing how excessive violence, external opposition, and internal factionalism led to the decline of the Ku Klux Klan in Oklahoma during the late 1920s.
Date: Autumn 2000
Creator: Jessup, Michael M.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Did They Really Sing Opera in Opera Houses?: Public Entertainment in Oklahoma and Indian Territories, 1895-1907 (open access)

Did They Really Sing Opera in Opera Houses?: Public Entertainment in Oklahoma and Indian Territories, 1895-1907

Article describes the history of opera houses and other venues for public entertainment in Oklahoma and Indian Territories in the territorial period. Many of the "opera houses" evolved to stage plays, shows, or musicals, and eventually were converted into moving picture theaters.
Date: Summer 2003
Creator: Booker, Susan
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Dr. Anna Lewis: Historian at the Oklahoma College for Women (open access)

Dr. Anna Lewis: Historian at the Oklahoma College for Women

Article presents a biographical sketch of Dr. Anna Lewis, who enjoyed a long and stellar career at Oklahoma College for Women but whose accomplishments have often been overlooked. This article gives an account of Lewis' life as she struggled to obtain the terminal degree in history, build a sound academic program at the college, and teach and write about Oklahoma history.
Date: Winter 2004
Creator: Reese, Linda Williams
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
A Faithful Public Servant: J. George Wright and the Five Civilized Tribes (open access)

A Faithful Public Servant: J. George Wright and the Five Civilized Tribes

Article covers the life and career of United States Indian Inspector for Indian Territory, J. George Wright, during the land allotment era. Kent Carter provides more detail on the connections Wright made with the Five Tribes as well as his political struggle with Tams Bixby over the position of Commissioner.
Date: Spring 2003
Creator: Carter, Kent
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Fear of "Negro Domination": The Rise of Segregation and Disfranchisement in Oklahoma (open access)

The Fear of "Negro Domination": The Rise of Segregation and Disfranchisement in Oklahoma

This article addresses the issue of the rise of segregation and disfranchisement in the frontier West. It looks closely at the sociopolitical climate in Oklahoma to answer important questions about the opportunities blacks found in the state and how white politicians became emboldened by the fear of "Negro domination."
Date: Spring 2000
Creator: Wickett, Murray R.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Cultural Conservation and Revival: The Caddo and Hasinai Post-Removal Era, 1860-1902 (open access)

Cultural Conservation and Revival: The Caddo and Hasinai Post-Removal Era, 1860-1902

Article discusses the post-removal period of 1860-1902 for the Caddo and Hasinai people of the Southern Plains: the difficulties they faced, prominent leaders of the tribes, cultural traditions, and the ways they found to keep their communities intact.
Date: Autumn 2001
Creator: Meredith, Howard L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Brothers of Influence: Auguste and Pierre Chouteau and the Osages before 1804 (open access)

Brothers of Influence: Auguste and Pierre Chouteau and the Osages before 1804

This article explores the pivotal roles that Auguste and Pierre Chouteau played in the European influence on the Osage tribe in the late eighteenth century which radically altered Osage social structure.
Date: Autumn 2000
Creator: Hurt, Douglas A.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"Almost Hopeless in the Wake of the Storm": The 1918 Spanish Flu Epidemic in Oklahoma (open access)

"Almost Hopeless in the Wake of the Storm": The 1918 Spanish Flu Epidemic in Oklahoma

Article examines the impact of the Spanish flu epidemic on Oklahomans during 1918-1919. Nigel Anthony Sellars discusses the spread of the epidemic on a detailed level, identifying the medical institutions and professionals who sought to combat the epidemic as it spread from one Oklahoma city to another.
Date: Spring 2001
Creator: Sellars, Nigel Anthony
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Amazing Grace: The Influence of Christianity in Nineteenth-Century Oklahoma Ozark Music and Society (open access)

Amazing Grace: The Influence of Christianity in Nineteenth-Century Oklahoma Ozark Music and Society

Article analyzes the effect of religious culture on the development of music in Southeastern Oklahoma, as expressed in hymn singing, temperance songs, instruments, and play-parties.
Date: Winter 2008
Creator: Castro, J. Justin
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"And The Skies Are Not Cloudy All Day": Drought and the Cherokee Outlet Land Run (open access)

"And The Skies Are Not Cloudy All Day": Drought and the Cherokee Outlet Land Run

This article details the difficulties that settlers of the Cherokee Outlet faced and how they coped with adverse conditions. Many environmental and economic factors contributed to their success or failure, including a major drought on the Southern Plains that coincided with the opening of the Cherokee Outlet in 1893.
Date: Winter 2003
Creator: Sweeney, Kevin Z.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History