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Wild Horse and Burro Issues
This report discusses the Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971, which sought to protect wild horses and burros on federal lands and placed them under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the Forest Service (FS). Management of wild horses and burros has long been controversial. Current issues include the priority to be given wild horses and burros in land use decisions, removal of animals from the range, adoption and sales programs, slaughter of animals, holding animals in facilities, use of fertility control, and costs of management.
Date:
December 9, 2005
Creator:
Vincent, Carol H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Spectrum Management: Auctions
This report discusses the radio frequency spectrum that is used for all forms of wireless communications, including cellular telephony, paging, personal communications service, radio and television broadcast, telephone radio relay, aeronautical and maritime radio navigation, and satellite command and control.
Date:
November 4, 2005
Creator:
Moore, Linda K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal Farm Promotion (“Check-Off”) Programs
None
Date:
May 24, 2005
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Fair Labor Standards Act: A Historical Sketch of the Overtime Pay Requirements of Section 13(a)(1)
None
Date:
May 9, 2005
Creator:
Whittaker, William G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gang Deterrence: A Legal Analysis of H.R. 1279 With References to S. 155
This report examines the Gang Deterrence and Community Protection Act of 2005, H.R. 1279, which as passed by the House, among other things, would dramatically increase the criminal penalties that follow as a consequence of a conviction for violent crimes, including gang offenses. It would expand the instances where juveniles charged with federal crimes of violence can be tried as adults and would authorize the establishment of criminal street gang enforcement teams.
Date:
June 9, 2005
Creator:
Doyle, Charles
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Safe-Harbor Provision for Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE)
This report analyzes the legal implications of the safe-harbor provision found in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (H.R. 6).
Date:
June 10, 2005
Creator:
Flynn, Aaron M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Federal Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program: Funding Issues and Activities
This report discusses federal funding for IT research and development. Proponents assert that federal support of IT R&D has produced positive outcomes for the country and played a crucial role in supporting long-term research into fundamental aspects of computing. Critics assert that the government, through its funding mechanisms, may be picking “winners and losers” in technological development, a role more properly residing with the private sector.
Date:
May 2, 2005
Creator:
Moloney Figliola, Patricia
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal Excise Taxes on Tobacco Products: Rates and Revenues
This report examines increases in excise tax rates on tobacco products contained in the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (P.L. 105-33). Under that act, the increased rates on tobacco products became effective in two stages. The first scheduled increase in rates occurred on January 1, 2000, while the second increase in rates occurred two years later on January 1, 2002
Date:
April 28, 2005
Creator:
Talley, Louis Alan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Lands and National Forests
The 109th Congress is considering issues related to the public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the national forests managed by the Forest Service (FS). The Administration is addressing issues through budgetary, regulatory, and other actions. This report discusses several key issues of congressional and administrative interest.
Date:
October 26, 2005
Creator:
Gorte, Ross W. & Vincent, Carol H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Congressional Official Mail Costs
This report discusses the franking privilege , which allows Members of Congress to send official mail at government expense, such as letters commenting on legislation and casework, press releases, government reports, town meeting notices, and newsletters.
Date:
March 1, 2005
Creator:
Pontius, John S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Controversies for the 109th Congress
This report discusses the ongoing debate about whether or not to approve energy development in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). Current law forbids energy leasing in the Refuge. This report addresses several legislative options on the issue, as well as policymakers' arguments for and against development, especially in the wake of increasing terrorism since 2000-2001.
Date:
November 1, 2005
Creator:
Corn, M. Lynne; Gelb, Bernard A. & Baldwin, Pamela
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reexamining Rules: Section 610 of the Regulatory Flexibility Act
This report examines the issues and their implications for future regulatory reforms, but begins with a brief background discussion of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) itself.
Date:
March 11, 2005
Creator:
Copeland, Curtis W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Medical Records Privacy: Questions and Answers on the HIPAA Rule
This report discuses the HIPAA privacy rule, which gives patients the right of access to their medical information and prohibits health plans and health care providers from using or disclosing individually identifiable health information without a patient’s written authorization except as expressly permitted or required by the rule.
Date:
February 4, 2005
Creator:
Redhead, C. S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An Overview of the Impeachment Process
The Constitution sets forth the general principles which control the procedural aspects of impeachment, vesting the power to impeach in the House of Representatives, while imbuing the Senate with the power to try impeachments. Both the Senate and the House have designed procedures to implement these general principles in dealing with a wide range of impeachment issues. This report provides a brief overview of the impeachment process, reflecting the roles of both the House and the Senate during the course of an impeachment inquiry and trial.
Date:
April 20, 2005
Creator:
Halstead, T. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Indian and Pakistani Nuclear Weapons Status
Until 2005, India and Pakistan were the only states outside the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty to declare, openly, their nuclear weapons capability. In 1998, they tested nuclear weapons and since then, deployed ballistic missiles, enunciated nuclear doctrine, and made organizational changes to their nuclear establishments. In 2002, they teetered on the brink of war in Kashmir. This report summarizes Indian and Pakistani nuclear weapon capabilities and thinking, and discusses some confidence-building measures in place intended to help avert nuclear war.
Date:
February 17, 2005
Creator:
Squassoni, Sharon
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act and Disparate Impact Claims: An Analysis of the Supreme Court’s Ruling in Smith v. City of Jackson
This report discusses Smith v. City of Jackson, a recent case in which the Supreme Court held that workers may sue employers under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) for workplace policies that have an adverse impact on older employees, even if the discriminatory effects are not intentional.
Date:
June 20, 2005
Creator:
Dale, Charles V. & Feder, Jody
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Science and Technology Policy: Issues for the 109th Congress
Science and technology have a pervasive influence over a wide range of issues confronting the nation. Decisions on how much federal funding to invest in research and development (R&D), and determining what programs have the highest priority, for example, may have implications for homeland security, new high technology industries, government/private sector cooperation in R&D, and myriad other areas. This report indicates the sweep of science and technology in many public policy issues, although it cannot provide a comprehensive examination of every science or technology issue which may be of interest to Congress. This report identifies other CRS reports that treat most of those issues in more depth. It is updated occasionally.
Date:
August 22, 2005
Creator:
Smith, Marcia S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Dallas Love Field: The Wright and Shelby Amendments
The history of the Wright Amendment dates back to the 1960s when the now defunct Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) proposed the creation of a single regional airport in the Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) area. This report discusses legislation affecting the Wright/Shelby restrictions that have been introduced in the 109th Congress.
Date:
November 9, 2005
Creator:
Tatelman, Todd B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
State Sales Taxation of Internet Transactions
This report examines state taxation of Internet transactions as well as efforts to achieve uniform state sales and use tax treatment.
Date:
January 11, 2005
Creator:
Luckey, John R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal Excise Tax on Tires: Where the Rubber Meets the Road
This report examines the history of the federal excise tax on tires. The excise tax on tires was first levied in 1918 mainly because of revenue needs brought about by World War I. The tax was reduced after the war, and then repealed in 1926. The levy was reintroduced during the Great Depression at a time when federal individual income tax revenues were plummeting, and was increased to help finance World War II. Today, the premise for the excise tax on tires is that heavier vehicles cause greater damage to both roadways and bridges, and that the excise tax on tires resembles a pricing mechanism that is a proxy for highway wear-and-tear charges.
Date:
October 6, 2005
Creator:
Talley, Louis A. & Jackson, Pamela J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mutual Fund Reform Bills in the 108th Congress: A Side-by-Side Comparison
This report compares the provisions of these legislative proposals. It serves as an historical record of legislative activity in the 108th Congress.
Date:
February 2, 2005
Creator:
Jickling, Mark
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Oil Industry Profits: Analysis of Recent Performance
This report analyzes the profit performance of firms in the oil industry, evaluates factors that might have affected profitability in the oil industry, and examines the use of profits by the industry and the implications for the development of the oil market.
Date:
August 4, 2005
Creator:
Pirog, Robert
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Child Care Issues in the 109th Congress
Federal support for child care comes in many forms, ranging from grant programs to tax provisions. Some programs serve as specifically dedicated funding sources for child care services (e.g., the Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG)), while for others (e.g., Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)), child care is just one of many purposes for which funds may be used. This report discusses budget proposals in areas related to child care and early childhood development in the 109th Congress.
Date:
August 2, 2005
Creator:
Gish, Melinda
System:
The UNT Digital Library
EPA’s Proposed Policy on Wastewater Blending: Background and Issues
In November 2003 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed a policy regarding a type of wastewater treatment practice called blending. Some cities use blending to manage peak flows of water and waste into wastewater treatment plants during and after storms as a way to prevent conditions that otherwise result in raw sewage backups into homes and other buildings or overflows into nearby waters. This report provides background on blending, why and how it is practiced, EPA’s proposed policy, associated issues, and congressional interest in the topic.
Date:
February 14, 2005
Creator:
Copeland, Claudia
System:
The UNT Digital Library