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Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute (open access)

Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute

In May 2003, the United States, Canada, and Argentina initiated a formal challenge before the World Trade Organization (WTO) of the European Union’s (EU’s) de facto moratorium on approving new agricultural biotechnology products, in place since 1998. Although the EU effectively lifted the moratorium in May 2004 by approving a genetically engineered (GE) corn variety, the three countries are pursuing the case, in part because a number of EU member states continue to block approved biotech products. Because of delays, the WTO is expected to decide the case by December 2005. The moratorium reportedly cost U.S. corn growers some $300 million in exports to the EU annually. The EU moratorium, U.S. officials contend, threatened other agricultural exports not only to the EU, but also to other parts of the world where the EU approach to regulating agricultural biotechnology is taking hold.
Date: November 17, 2005
Creator: Hanrahan, Charles E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute (open access)

Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute

In May 2003, the United States, Canada, and Argentina initiated a formal challenge before the World Trade Organization (WTO) of the European Union’s (EU’s) de facto moratorium on approving new agricultural biotechnology products, in place since 1998. Although the EU effectively lifted the moratorium in May 2004 by approving a genetically engineered (GE) corn variety, the three countries are pursuing the case, in part because a number of EU member states continue to block approved biotech products. Because of delays, the WTO is expected to decide the case by December 2005. The moratorium reportedly cost U.S. corn growers some $300 million in exports to the EU annually. The EU moratorium, U.S. officials contend, threatened other agricultural exports not only to the EU, but also to other parts of the world where the EU approach to regulating agricultural biotechnology is taking hold.
Date: March 10, 2006
Creator: Hanrahan, Charles E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agriculture Support Mechanisms in the European Union: A Comparison with the United States (open access)

Agriculture Support Mechanisms in the European Union: A Comparison with the United States

The European Union (EU), comprised of 15 member states (countries), is one of the United States’ chief agricultural trading partners and also a major competitor in world markets. Both heavily support their agricultural sectors, with a large share of such support concentrated on wheat, feed grains, cotton, oilseeds, sugar, dairy, and tobacco. However, the EU provides more extensive support to a broader range of farm and food products. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the EU and United States in 2001 together accounted for nearly two-thirds of all government support to agriculture among the major developed economies. However, EU agricultural spending generally is much higher than in the United States. Information comparing how the U.S. and EU governments support their producers is expected to be of interest to policymakers while negotiations are underway among world trading partners to further reform agricultural trade.
Date: July 31, 2002
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Chemical Regulation in the European Union: Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals (open access)

Chemical Regulation in the European Union: Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals

This report discusses a new law, Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), that the European Union (EU) began to implement On June 1, 2007.
Date: March 19, 2008
Creator: Schierow, Linda-Jo
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Climate Change: The European Union's Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS) (open access)

Climate Change: The European Union's Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS)

The European Union’s (EU’s) Emissions Trading System (ETS) is a cornerstone of the EU’s efforts to meet its obligation under the Kyoto Protocol. It covers more than 11,500 energy intensive facilities across the 25 EU member countries, including oil refineries, power plants over 20 megawatts (MW) in capacity, coke ovens, and iron and steel plants, along with cement, glass, lime, brick, ceramics, and pulp and paper installations. Covered entities emit about 45% of the EU’s carbon dioxide emissions. The trading program does not cover emissions of non-CO2 greenhouse gases, which account for about 20% of the EU’s total greenhouse gas emissions. A final consideration for the ETS is its suitability for directing long-term investment toward a low-carbon future — the ultimate goal of any climate change program.
Date: July 31, 2006
Creator: Parker, Larry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Delivering Pretzels in Berlin (open access)

Delivering Pretzels in Berlin

Front cover of the Winter 2009 issue of The Hexagon, featuring a man in a Berlin shirt riding a bicycle laden with large pretzels. A small dog on a leash follows alongside of him. The inside cover has a table of contents, a list of staff, and an editorial.
Date: Winter 2009
Creator: Marshall, James L., 1940- & Marshall, Virginia R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Different Kinds of Near-Death Experience: A Report on a Survey of Near-Death Experiences in Germany (open access)

Different Kinds of Near-Death Experience: A Report on a Survey of Near-Death Experiences in Germany

Article providing a short summary of a representative survey on near-death experiences (NDEs) in Germany, which is the first of its kind in Europe. The researchers tested several assumptions derived from previous research on NDEs, including the assumptions of a unified pattern of experience, the universality of the pattern, and the necessary link between NDEs and clinical death.
Date: Autumn 2001
Creator: Knoblauch, Hubert; Schmied, Ina & Schnettler, Bernt
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
EU-U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude (open access)

EU-U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude

This report provides background information and analysis of the U.S.-EU economic relationship.
Date: April 15, 2005
Creator: Cooper, William H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Parliament (open access)

The European Parliament

The European Parliament (EP) is one of the three key institutions of the European Union (EU), and the only EU institution whose members are directly elected. This report discusses the construction and history of the EP, its role in functions of the EU as well as internationally, various international supports and criticisms of the EP, and the EP's ties with the U.S. Congress.
Date: July 22, 2009
Creator: Archick, Kristin & Mix, Derek E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Parliament (open access)

The European Parliament

The 785-member, directly elected European Parliament (EP) is a key institution of the 27-member European Union (EU). Once limited to being a consultative assembly, the EP has accumulated more power over time. Currently, it plays a role in the EU's legislative and budgeting processes, and exercises general supervision over other EU bodies. Ties between the EP and the U.S. Congress are long-standing, and EPCongressional exchanges are expected to continue in the second session of the 110th Congress.
Date: July 3, 2008
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
European Union Englargement (open access)

European Union Englargement

The European Union (EU) views the enlargement process as a historic opportunity to promote stability and prosperity in Europe. Although the EU maintains that the enlargement door remains open, "enlargement fatigue" has become a serious issue in Europe and some experts believe that EU enlargement may be reaching its limits. The status of EU enlargement is one of many transatlantic issues likely to be of interest to the second session of the 110th Congress. This report lists the various nations admitted to the European Union within the past several years and analyzes the enlargement issue in general.
Date: July 3, 2008
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union: Questions and Answers (open access)

The European Union: Questions and Answers

This report describes the European Union (EU), its evolution, governing institutions, trade policy, and efforts to forge common foreign and defense policies. The report also addresses the EU-U.S. and EU-NATO relationships, which may be of interest to the second session of the 110th Congress. It will be updated as events warrant. For more information, see CRS Report RS21344, European Union Enlargement, by Kristin Archick, and CRS Report RL34381, European Union-U.S. Trade and Investment Relations: Key Issues, coordinated by Raymond Ahearn.
Date: July 3, 2008
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
European Union's Arms Control Regime and Arms Exports to China: Background and Legal Analysis (open access)

European Union's Arms Control Regime and Arms Exports to China: Background and Legal Analysis

This report provides detailed background and legal analysis of the nature of the current European Union embargo on arms exports to China. It also provides detailed background on the European Union’s current Code of Conduct on Arms Exports. A strengthened version of the Code would be one of the control mechanisms that would remain should the EU lift the embargo on arms exports to China. This report also gives information on recent EU arms exports authorized for China. It further summarizes U.S. concerns regarding the lifting of the arms embargo, and notes the prospective timing of EU action on the embargo issue.
Date: March 1, 2005
Creator: Grimmett, Richard F. & Papademetriou, Theresa
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
European Union’s Arms Embargo on China: Implications and Options for U.S. Policy (open access)

European Union’s Arms Embargo on China: Implications and Options for U.S. Policy

Overall, there are two sets of questions for Congress in examining U.S. policy toward the fate of the EU’s arms embargo on China. What are the implications for U.S. interests in trans-Atlantic relations and China? If U.S. interests are adversely affected, what are some options for Congress to discourage the EU from lifting its arms embargo on China and, if it is lifted, to protect U.S. national security interests in both Asia and Europe? Issues raised by these questions are the subject of this CRS Report.
Date: May 27, 2005
Creator: Archick, Kristin; Grimmett, Richard F. & Kan, Shirley A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union's Energy Security Challenges (open access)

The European Union's Energy Security Challenges

This report examines some of Europe's critical energy security challenges and EU efforts to coordinate a common European energy strategy. It also includes an overview of broader transatlantic energy security cooperation and will be updated as needed.
Date: January 30, 2008
Creator: Belkin, Paul
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union's Reform Process: The Lisbon Treaty (open access)

The European Union's Reform Process: The Lisbon Treaty

In December 2007, leaders of the European Union (EU) signed the Lisbon Treaty, which seeks to reform the EU's governing institutions and decisionmaking processes to enable a larger EU to operate more effectively. This new treaty represents the latest stage in a reform process begun in 2002 and essentially replaces the proposed EU "constitution" that foundered after French and Dutch voters rejected it in referendums in 2005. In June 2008, Irish voters rejected the Lisbon Treaty, and have thrown its future into doubt. This report provides background information on EU reform efforts and possible implications for U.S.-EU relations that may be of interest in the second session of the 110th Congress.
Date: July 3, 2008
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Feed-In Tariffs - Boosting Energy for our Future: A guide to one of the world's best environmental policies (open access)

Feed-In Tariffs - Boosting Energy for our Future: A guide to one of the world's best environmental policies

This brochure explains Feed-In Tariff (FIT) laws. The big challenge for the renewable energy industry has been to make the cost of clean energy competitive with heavily-subsidized conventional energy. Householders or energy companies who want to install wind turbines or solar panels are faced with lengthy pay-back times and are forced to make a choice based on ethics rather than economics. The Feed-In Tariff (FIT) has proven to be the most effective policy instrument in overcoming these barriers. This simple, low-cost mechanism has turned several European countries into world leaders in the renewables sector.
Date: May 2007
Creator: Rohde, Anja
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Financial Crisis: Impact on and Response by the European Union (open access)

The Financial Crisis: Impact on and Response by the European Union

According to the most recent National Threat Assessment, the global financial crisis and its geopolitical implications pose the primary near-term security concern of the United States. Over the short run, both the EU and the United States are attempting to resolve the financial crisis while stimulating domestic demand to stem the economic downturn. These efforts have born little progress so far as the economic recession and the financial crisis have become reinforcing events, causing EU governments to forge policy responses to both crises. This report discusses this situation in detail and also discusses individual efforts by both the U.S. and EU to combat the effects of the crisis.
Date: June 24, 2009
Creator: Jackson, James K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FITness Testing: Exploring the myths and misconceptions about feed-in tariff policies (open access)

FITness Testing: Exploring the myths and misconceptions about feed-in tariff policies

The booklet argues that in spite of the recent surge in renewable electricity markets, the United States will need to dramatically increase the amount of installed renewable energy in order to improve energy security, create new jobs, and address the growing risks of climate change.
Date: 2009
Creator: World Future Council
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library

Flight Diary of Donald Fleming, 781st Bomb Sqadron, 465th Bomb Group, 15th Air Force

Access: Use of this item is restricted to the UNT Community
Scan of the flight diary kept by Donald Fleming, a B-24 navigator in WWII from Kansas, documenting the missions he flew in the European Theater from February to August, 1944.
Date: August 18, 2003
Creator: Fleming, Donald
Object Type: Book
System: The UNT Digital Library
The G-20 and International Economic Cooperation: Background and Implications for Congress (open access)

The G-20 and International Economic Cooperation: Background and Implications for Congress

This report discusses the background of the G-20 (an international forum for discussing and coordinating economic policies) and some of the issues that it has addressed. It includes historic background on the work of the G-20, information about how the group operates, overviews of G-20 summits, major issues that the group is likely to address and the likely effectiveness of the G-20 in the near future.
Date: December 9, 2009
Creator: Nelson, Rebecca M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
German Elections of 2002: Aftermath and Implications for the United States (open access)

German Elections of 2002: Aftermath and Implications for the United States

None
Date: September 27, 2002
Creator: Miko, Francis T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
German Foreign and Security Policy: Trends and Transatlantic Implications (open access)

German Foreign and Security Policy: Trends and Transatlantic Implications

This report provides an introduction to German foreign and security policy. The report discusses the foundations of German foreign policy, Germany in the European Union (EU), evolving security and defense policy, and transatalantic implications.
Date: July 21, 2008
Creator: Belkin, Paul
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
German Foreign and Security Policy: Trends and Transatlantic Implications (open access)

German Foreign and Security Policy: Trends and Transatlantic Implications

This report provides an introduction to German foreign and security policy. The report discusses the foundations of German foreign policy, Germany in the European Union (EU), evolving security and defense policy, and transatalantic implications.
Date: May 20, 2009
Creator: Belkin, Paul
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library