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Assessing Terrorist Motivations for Attacking Critical "Chemical" Infrastructure
Certain types of infrastructure--critical infrastructure (CI)--play vital roles in underpinning our economy, security, and way of life. One particular type of CI--that relating to chemicals--constitutes both an important element of our nation's infrastructure and a particularly attractive set of potential targets. This is primarily because of the large quantities of toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) it employs in various operations and because of the essential economic functions it serves. This study attempts to minimize some of the ambiguities that presently impede chemical infrastructure threat assessments by providing new insight into the key motivational factors that affect terrorist organizations propensity to attack chemical facilities. Prepared as a companion piece to the Center for Nonproliferation Studies August 2004 study--''Assessing Terrorist Motivations for Attacking Critical Infrastructure''--it investigates three overarching research questions: (1) why do terrorists choose to attack chemical-related infrastructure over other targets; (2) what specific factors influence their target selection decisions concerning chemical facilities; and (3) which, if any, types of groups are most inclined to attack chemical infrastructure targets? The study involved a multi-pronged research design, which made use of four discrete investigative techniques to answer the above questions as comprehensively as possible. These include: (1) a review of terrorism and threat …
Date:
December 14, 2004
Creator:
Ackerman, G.; Bale, J. & Moran, K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Top physics: search for anomalous kinematics in t anti-t dilepton events at cdf ii
We report on a search for anomalous kinematics of t{bar t} dilepton events in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV using 193 pb{sup -1} of data collected with the CDF II detector. We developed a new a priori technique designed to isolate the subset in a data sample revealing the largest deviation from standard model (SM) expectations and to quantify the significance of this departure. In the four-variable space considered, no particular subset shows a significant discrepancy and we find that the probability of obtaining a data sample less consistent with the SM than what is observed is 1.0-4.5%.
Date:
December 14, 2004
Creator:
Acosta, D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Timpson & Tenaha News (Timpson, Tex.), Vol. 21, No. 50, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 14, 2006
Weekly newspaper from Timpson, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 14, 2006
Creator:
Alexander, Nancy
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Erratum: High power impulse magnetron sputtering:Current-voltage-time characteristics indicate the onset of sustainedself-sputtering
None
Date:
December 14, 2007
Creator:
Anders, Andre; Andersson, Joakim & Ehiasarian, Arutiun
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ion charge state fluctuations in vacuum arcs
Ion charge state distributions of cathodic vacuum arcs have been investigated using a modified time-of-flight method. Experiments have been done in double gate and burst gate mode, allowing us to study both systematic and stochastic changes of ion charge state distributions with a time resolution down to 100 ns. In the double gate method, two ion charge spectra are recorded with a well-defined time between measurements. The elements Mg, Bi, and Cu were selected for tests, representing metals of very different properties. For all elements it was found that large stochastic changes occur even at the limit of resolution. This is in agreement with fast changing arc properties observed elsewhere. Correlation of results for short times between measurements was found but it is argued that this is due to velocity mixing rather than due to cathode processes. The burst mode of time-of-flight measurements revealed the systematic time evolution of ion charge states within a single arc discharge, as opposed to previous measurements that relied on data averaged over many pulses. The technique shows the decay of the mean ion charge state as well as the level of material-dependent fluctuations.
Date:
December 14, 2004
Creator:
Anders, Andre; Fukuda, Kentaro & Yushkov, Georgy Yu
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
GAP Final Technical Report 12-14-04
The Genomics Annotation Platform (GAP) was designed to develop new tools for high throughput functional annotation and characterization of protein sequences and structures resulting from genomics and structural proteomics, benchmarking and application of those tools. Furthermore, this platform integrated the genomic scale sequence and structural analysis and prediction tools with the advanced structure prediction and bioinformatics environment of ICM. The development of GAP was primarily oriented towards the annotation of new biomolecular structures using both structural and sequence data. Even though the amount of protein X-ray crystal data is growing exponentially, the volume of sequence data is growing even more rapidly. This trend was exploited by leveraging the wealth of sequence data to provide functional annotation for protein structures. The additional information provided by GAP is expected to assist the majority of the commercial users of ICM, who are involved in drug discovery, in identifying promising drug targets as well in devising strategies for the rational design of therapeutics directed at the protein of interest. The GAP also provided valuable tools for biochemistry education, and structural genomics centers. In addition, GAP incorporates many novel prediction and analysis methods not available in other molecular modeling packages. This development led to signing …
Date:
December 14, 2004
Creator:
Andrew J. Bordner, PhD, Senior Research Scientist
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 105, No. 232, Ed. 1 Sunday, December 14, 2003
Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 14, 2003
Creator:
Andrews, Mike
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 106, No. 213, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 14, 2004
Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 14, 2004
Creator:
Andrews, Mike
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
B meson decays to charmless meson pairs containing eta or eta'
The authors present updated measurements of the branching fractions for B{sup 0} meson decays to {eta}K{sup 0}, {eta}{eta}, {eta}{phi}, {eta}{omega}, {eta}{prime}K{sup 0}, {eta}{prime}{eta}{prime}, {eta}{prime}, {phi}, and {eta}{prime}{omega} and branching fractions and CP-violating charge asymmetries for B{sup +} decays to {eta}{pi}{sup +}, {eta}K{sup +}, {eta}{prime}{pi}{sup +}, and {eta}{prime} K{sup +}. The data represent the full dataset of 467 x 10{sup 6} B{bar B} pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e{sup +}e{sup -} collider at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Besides large signals for the four charged B decays modes and for B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}{prime}K{sup 0}, they find evidence for three B{sup 0} decays modes at greater than 3.0{sigma} significance. They find {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}K{sup 0}) = (1.15{sub -0.38}{sup +0.43} {+-} 0.09) x 10{sup -6}, {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}{omega}) = (0.94{sub -0.30}{sup +0.35} {+-} 0.09) x 10{sup -6}, and {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}{prime}{omega}) = (1.01{sub -0.38}{sup +0.46} {+-} 0.09) x 10{sup -6}, where the first (second) uncertainty is statistical (systematic). For the B{sup +} {yields} {eta}K{sup +} decay mode, they measure the charge asymmetry {Alpha}{sub ch} (B{sup +} {yields} {eta}K{sup +}) = -0.36 {+-} 0.11 {+-} 0.03.
Date:
December 14, 2009
Creator:
Aubert, B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evidence for the eta_b(1S) in the Decay Upsilon(2S)-> gamma eta_b(1S)
We have performed a search for the {eta}{sub b}(1S) meson in the radiative decay of the {Upsilon}(2S) resonance using a sample of 91.6 million {Upsilon}(2S) events recorded with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II B factory at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. We observe a peak in the photon energy spectrum at E{sub {gamma}} = 610.5{sub -4.3}{sup +4.5}(stat) {+-} 1.8(syst) MeV, corresponding to an {eta}{sub b}(1S) mass of 9392.9{sub -4.8}{sup +4.6}(stat) {+-} 1.9(syst) MeV/c{sup 2}. The branching fraction for the decay {Upsilon}(2S) {yields} {gamma}{eta}{sub b}(1S) is determined to be (4.2{sub -1.0}{sup +1.1}(stat) {+-} 0.9(syst)) x 10{sup -4}. The ratio {Beta}({Upsilon}(2S) {yields} {gamma}{eta}{sub b}(1S))/{Beta}({Upsilon}(3S) {yields} {gamma}{eta}{sub b}(1S)) = 0.89{sub -0.23}{sup +0.25}(stat){sub -0.16}{sup +0.12}(syst) is consistent with the ratio expected for magnetic dipole transitions to the {eta}{sub b}(1S) meson.
Date:
December 14, 2009
Creator:
Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Prencipe, E. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tank Monitoring and Control System (TMACS) Acceptance Test Procedure
This document is used to validate Revision 13.0 of the Tank Monitor and Control System (TMACS) and verify it functions as intended by design.
Date:
December 14, 2000
Creator:
Barnes, D. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
News Bulletin (Castroville, Tex.), Vol. 41, No. 50, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 14, 2000
Weekly newspaper from Castroville, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
December 14, 2000
Creator:
Barnes, Thomas
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Experimental assessment of gradient plasticity
Classical plasticity theories generally assume that the stress at a point is a function of strain at that point only. However, when gradients in strain become significant, this localization assumption is no longer valid. A common factor in the failure of these conventional models is that, since they do not account for the strain gradients, they do not display a size effect. This effect is seen experimentally when the scale of the phenomenon of interest is on the order of several microns. At this scale, strain gradients are of a significant magnitude as compared to the overall strain and must be considered for models to accurately capture observed phenomena. The mechanics community has been actively involved in the development of strain gradient theories for many years. Recently, interest in this area has been rekindled and several new approaches have appeared in the literature. Two different approaches are currently being evaluated: one approach considers strain gradients as internal variables which do not introduce work conjugate higher order stresses, and another approach considers the strain gradients as internal degrees of freedom which requires work conjugate higher order stresses. Experiments are being performed to determine which approach models material behavior accurately with the …
Date:
December 14, 2000
Creator:
Barney, M M; Campbell, G H; Stolken, J S; Schwartz, A J; Plitzko, J; King, W E et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurements of the CKM Angle beta
In this article I report on new and updated measurements of the CP-violating parameter {beta}({phi}{sub 1}), which is related to the phase of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark-mixing matrix of the electroweak interaction. Over the past few years, {beta} has become the most precisely known parameter of the CKM unitarity triangle that governs the B system. The results presented here were produced by the two B Factories, BABAR and Belle, based on their most recent datasets of over 600 million B{bar B} events combined. The new world average for sin2{beta}, measured in the theoretically and experimentally cleanest charmonium modes, such as B{sup 0} {yields} J/{Psi}K{sub S}{sup 0}, is sin 2{beta} = 0.685 {+-} 0.032. In addition to these tree-level dominated decays, independent measurements of sin2{beta} are obtained from gluonic b {yields} s penguin decays, including B{sup 0} {yields} {phi}K{sub S}{sup 0}, B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}'K{sub S}{sup 0} and others. There are hints, albeit somewhat weaker than earlier this year, that these measurements tend to come out low compared to the charmonium average, giving rise to the tantalizing possibility that New Physics amplitudes could be contributing to the corresponding loop diagrams. Clearly, more data from both experiments are needed to elucidate these …
Date:
December 14, 2005
Creator:
Bartoldus, Rainer
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Role of the ILC in the Study of Cosmic Dark Matter
Though there is strong evidence that dark matter is a major component of the universe, most aspects of dark matter are completely mysterious. We do not know what dark matter is, and we do not know how it is distributed in our galaxy. To resolve these and related questions, we will need information both from particle physics and from astrophysics. In this article, we will describe a path toward the solution of the problems of dark matter, and we will highlight the important role that the ILC has to play in this study.
Date:
December 14, 2005
Creator:
Battaglia, Marco; /LBL, Berkeley /UC, Berkeley & Peskin, Michael E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: A Brief Overview of Selected Issues
This report briefly outlines three issues and touches upon some of the perspectives reflected in the ongoing debate. These issues include the inherent and often dynamic tension between national security and civil liberties, particularly rights of privacy and free speach.
Date:
December 14, 2007
Creator:
Bazan, Elizabeth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: Comparison of House-Passed H.R. 3773, S. 2248 as Reported by the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, and S. 2248 as Reported Out of the Senate Judiciary Committee
None
Date:
December 14, 2007
Creator:
Bazan, Elizabeth B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
SUSY Parameter Measurements with Fittino
This article presents the results of a realistic global fit of the Lagrangian parameters of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with no assumptions on the SUSY breaking mechanism using the fit program Fittino. The fit is performed using the precision of future mass measurements of superpartners at the LHC and mass and polarized topological cross-section measurements at the ILC. Higher order radiative corrections are accounted for wherever possible to date. Results are obtained for a modified SPS1a MSSM benchmark scenario (general MSSM without assumptions on the breaking mechanism) and for a specific mSUGRA scenario. Exploiting a simulated annealing algorithm, a stable result is obtained without any a priori assumptions on the fit parameters. Most of the Lagrangian parameters can be extracted at the percent level or better if theoretical uncertainties are neglected. Neither LHC nor ILC measurements alone will be sufficient to obtain a stable result.
Date:
December 14, 2005
Creator:
Bechtle, P.; Desch, K. & Wienemann, P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Livestock Price Reporting: Background
This report summarizes how the Livestock Mandatory Price Reporting (LMPR) law expired on September 30, 2005. And after considering all the approaches they took in the past, the house agreed to the bill to extend LMPR for Five more years while Senate agreed to one-year extension. Updated December 14, 2005.
Date:
December 14, 2005
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Numerical simulation of premixed turbulent methane combustion
In this paper we study the behavior of a premixed turbulent methane flame in three dimensions using numerical simulation. The simulations are performed using an adaptive time-dependent low Mach number combustion algorithm based on a second-order projection formulation that conserves both species mass and total enthalpy. The species and enthalpy equations are treated using an operator-split approach that incorporates stiff integration techniques for modeling detailed chemical kinetics. The methodology also incorporates a mixture model for differential diffusion. For the simulations presented here, methane chemistry and transport are modeled using the DRM-19 (19-species, 84-reaction) mechanism derived from the GRIMech-1.2 mechanism along with its associated thermodynamics and transport databases. We consider a lean flame with equivalence ratio 0.8 for two different levels of turbulent intensity. For each case we examine the basic structure of the flame including turbulent flame speed and flame surface area. The results indicate that flame wrinkling is the dominant factor leading to the increased turbulent flame speed. Joint probability distributions are computed to establish a correlation between heat release and curvature. We also investigate the effect of turbulent flame interaction on the flame chemistry. We identify specific flame intermediates that are sensitive to turbulence and explore various correlations …
Date:
December 14, 2001
Creator:
Bell, John B.; Day, Marcus S. & Grcar, Joseph F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Stochastic algorithms for the analysis of numerical flame simulations
Recent progress in simulation methodologies and new, high-performance parallel architectures have made it is possible to perform detailed simulations of multidimensional combustion phenomena using comprehensive kinetics mechanisms. However, as simulation complexity increases, it becomes increasingly difficult to extract detailed quantitative information about the flame from the numerical solution, particularly regarding the details of chemical processes. In this paper we present a new diagnostic tool for analysis of numerical simulations of combustion phenomena. Our approach is based on recasting an Eulerian flow solution in a Lagrangian frame. Unlike a conventional Lagrangian viewpoint in which we follow the evolution of a volume of the fluid, we instead follow specific chemical elements, e.g., carbon, nitrogen, etc., as they move through the system. From this perspective an ''atom'' is part of some molecule that is transported through the domain by advection and diffusion. Reactions ca use the atom to shift from one species to another with the subsequent transport given by the movement of the new species. We represent these processes using a stochastic particle formulation that treats advection deterministically and models diffusion as a suitable random-walk process. Within this probabilistic framework, reactions can be viewed as a Markov process transforming molecule to molecule …
Date:
December 14, 2001
Creator:
Bell, John B.; Day, Marcus S.; Grcar, Joseph F. & Lijewski, Michael J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Detailed modeling and laser-induced fluorescence imaging of nitric oxide in a NH(i)-seeded non-premixed methane/air flame
In this paper we study the formation of NO in laminar, nitrogen diluted methane diffusion flames that are seeded with ammonia in the fuel stream. We have performed numerical simulations with detailed chemistry as well as laser-induced fluorescence imaging measurements for a range of ammonia injection rates. For comparison with the experimental data, synthetic LIF images are calculated based on the numerical data accounting for temperature and fluorescence quenching effects. We demonstrate good agreement between measurements and computations. The LIF corrections inferred from the simulation are then used to calculate absolute NO mole fractions from the measured signal.The NO formation in both doped and undoped flames occurs in the flame sheet. In the undoped flame, four different mechanisms including thermal and prompt NO appear to contribute to NO formation. As the NH3 seeding level increases, fuel-NO becomes the dominant mechanism and N2 shifts from being a net reactant to being a net product. Nitric oxide in the undoped flame as well as in the core region of the doped flames are underpredicted by the model; we attribute this mainly to inaccuracies in the NO recycling chemistry on the fuel-rich side of the flame sheet.
Date:
December 14, 2001
Creator:
Bell, John B.; Day, Marcus S.; Grcar, Joseph F.; Bessler, Wolfgang G.; Schulz, Christof; Glarborg, Peter et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Component Architecture for High-Performance Scientific Computing
The Common Component Architecture (CCA) provides a means for software developers to manage the complexity of large-scale scientific simulations and to move toward a plug-and-play environment for high-performance computing. In the scientific computing context, component models also promote collaboration using independently developed software, thereby allowing particular individuals or groups to focus on the aspects of greatest interest to them. The CCA supports parallel and distributed computing as well as local high-performance connections between components in a language-independent manner. The design places minimal requirements on components and thus facilitates the integration of existing code into the CCA environment. The CCA model imposes minimal overhead to minimize the impact on application performance. The focus on high performance distinguishes the CCA from most other component models. The CCA is being applied within an increasing range of disciplines, including combustion research, global climate simulation, and computational chemistry.
Date:
December 14, 2004
Creator:
Bernholdt, D. E.; Allan, B. A.; Armstrong, R.; Bertrand, F.; Chiu, K.; Dahlgren, T. L. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluating the Moisture Conditions in the Fractured Rock at YuccaMountain: The Impact of Natural Convection Processes in HeatedEmplacement Drifts
The energy output of the high-level radioactive waste to beemplaced in the proposed geologic repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada,will strongly affect the thermal-hydrological (TH) conditions in thenear-drift fractured rock. Heating of rock water to above-boilingconditions will induce large water saturation changes and fluxperturbations close to the waste emplacement tunnels (drifts) that willlast several thousand years. Understanding these perturbations isimportant for the performance of the repository, because they couldincrease, for example, the amount of formation water seeping into theopen drifts and contacting waste packages. Recent computational fluiddynamics (CFD) analysis has demonstrated that the drifts will act asimportant conduits for gas flows driven by natural convection. As aresult, vapor generated from boiling of formation water nearelevated-temperature sections of the drifts may effectively betransported to cooler end sections (where no waste is emplaced), wouldcondense there, and subsequently drain into underlying rock units. Thus,natural convection processes have great potential for reducing thenear-drift moisture content in heated drift sections, which has positiveramifications for repository performance. To study these processes, wehave developed a new simulation method that couples existing tools forsimulating TH conditions in the fractured formation with modules thatapproximate natural convection and evaporation conditions in heatedemplacement drifts. The new method is applied to evaluate the …
Date:
December 14, 2005
Creator:
Birkholzer, J.T.; Webb, S.W.; Halecky, N.; Peterson, P.F. & Bodvarsson, G.S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library