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Air Quality: Multi-Pollutant Legislation (open access)

Air Quality: Multi-Pollutant Legislation

One approach being proposed to more cost-effectively achieve national air quality goals is a "multi-pollutant" strategy -- a framework based on a consistent set of emissions caps, implemented through emissions trading. This report discusses this strategy and related legislation.
Date: October 22, 2002
Creator: Parker, Larry & Blodgett, John E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Legislative Issues (open access)

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Legislative Issues

This report discusses the ongoing debate about whether or not to open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) for energy development. The report discusses arguments for and against such development and focuses especially on related pieces of legislation that directly affects the future of the ANWR.
Date: October 22, 2002
Creator: Corn, M. Lynne; Gelb, Bernard A. & Baldwin, Pamela
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Budget Enforcement Procedures: Senate Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO) Rule (open access)

Budget Enforcement Procedures: Senate Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO) Rule

The Senate “pay-as-you-go,” or PAYGO, rule generally requires that any legislation increasing direct spending or reducing revenues be offset. A motion to waive the rule requires an affirmative vote of three-fifths of the membership (i.e., 60 Senators if no seats are vacant). Beginning in 1993, six points of order under the PAYGO rule have been raised against an entire bill or an amendment. Of these six points of order, four were sustained and two fell upon the adoption of a waiver motion.
Date: October 22, 2002
Creator: Heniff, Bill, Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sudan: The Darfur Crisis and the Status of the North-South Negotiations (open access)

Sudan: The Darfur Crisis and the Status of the North-South Negotiations

None
Date: October 22, 2004
Creator: Dagne, Theodore S. & Everett, Bathsheaba
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Middle East Peace Talks (open access)

The Middle East Peace Talks

None
Date: October 22, 2002
Creator: Migdalovitz, Carol
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Military Medical Care Services: Questions and Answers (open access)

Military Medical Care Services: Questions and Answers

None
Date: October 22, 2004
Creator: Best, Richard A., Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Mexican Drug Certification Issues: U.S. Congressional Action, 1986-2002 (open access)

Mexican Drug Certification Issues: U.S. Congressional Action, 1986-2002

None
Date: October 22, 2002
Creator: Storrs, K. Larry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Drug Certification Requirements and Congressional Modifications in 2001-2002 (open access)

Drug Certification Requirements and Congressional Modifications in 2001-2002

This report provides a brief summary of the existing drug certification requirements for drug producing and drug-transit countries, background on the experience, criticisms, and reform efforts under these provisions; a summary of early congressional options and proposals advanced in 2001, with possible advantages and disadvantages; a summary of later initiatives with legislative activity; and (5) a tracking of legislative action on the major initiatives.
Date: October 22, 2002
Creator: Storrs, K. Larry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Clean Air Act Issues in the 108th Congress (open access)

Clean Air Act Issues in the 108th Congress

The conference report on the energy bill (H.R. 6), which came to the House and Senate floor for action the week of November 17, 2003, contained several Clean Air Act provisions. Most of these are also contained in S. 2095, a revised version of the bill introduced February 12, 2004, and in H.R. 4503, which passed the House June 15, 2004. Most of the air provisions concern the gasoline additives MTBE and ethanol, used to meet Clean Air Act requirements that reformulated gasoline (RFG) sold in the nation’s worst ozone nonattainment areas contain at least 2% oxygen, to improve combustion.
Date: October 22, 2004
Creator: McCarthy, James E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Overview, FY2005 Budget in Brief, and Key Issues for Congress (open access)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Overview, FY2005 Budget in Brief, and Key Issues for Congress

None
Date: October 22, 2004
Creator: Smith, Marcia S. & Morgan, Daniel
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Judicial Nomination Statistics: U.S. District and Circuit Courts, 1945-1976 (open access)

Judicial Nomination Statistics: U.S. District and Circuit Courts, 1945-1976

None
Date: October 22, 2003
Creator: Sollenberger, Mitchel A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-Saddam Governance (open access)

Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-Saddam Governance

Operation Iraqi Freedom accomplished a long-standing U.S. objective, the overthrow of Saddam Hussein, but replacing his regime with a stable, moderate, democratic political structure has run into significant difficulty. That outcome would contribute to preventing Iraq from becoming a sanctuary for terrorists, a key recommendation of the September 11 Commission report (Chapter 12, Section 2). During the 1990s, U.S. efforts to change the regime covertly failed because of limited U.S. commitment, disorganization of the Iraqi opposition, and the vigilance of Iraq’s several overlapping security services. Previous U.S. Administrations had ruled out a U.S. military invasion to change the regime, believing such action would be risky and that Iraq did not necessarily pose a level of threat that would justify doing so. President George W. Bush characterized Iraq as a grave potential threat to the United States because of its refusal to abandon its weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs and its potential to transfer WMD to terrorist groups. After a November 2002-March 2003 round of U.N. WMD inspections in which Iraq’s cooperation was mixed, on March 19, 2003, the United States launched Operation Iraqi Freedom to disarm Iraq and change its regime. The regime fell on April 9, 2003.
Date: October 22, 2004
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Grants Information for Constituents (open access)

Grants Information for Constituents

This report mainly discusses about the Grants Information for Constituents and key sources of information on government and private grants for state and community projects.
Date: October 22, 2002
Creator: Gerli, Merete F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Homeland Security: Protecting Airliners from Terrorist Missiles (open access)

Homeland Security: Protecting Airliners from Terrorist Missiles

This report describes protecting Airliners from Terrorist Missiles related to Homeland Security.
Date: October 22, 2004
Creator: Bolkcom, Christopher; Feickert, Andrew & Elias, Bartholomew
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Assistance After Hurricanes and Other Disasters: FY2004 and FY2005 Supplemental Appropriations (open access)

Assistance After Hurricanes and Other Disasters: FY2004 and FY2005 Supplemental Appropriations

After a series of devastating hurricanes struck Florida and other states in the summer of 2004, the 108th Congress passed two emergency supplemental appropriations statutes that provide a total of $16.475 billion to areas stricken by the hurricanes and other natural disasters. The House and Senate quickly approved legislation (H.R. 5005) the day after President Bush submitted a request on September 6 for $2 billion in FY2004 funding, largely in response to the devastation caused by Hurricanes Charley and Frances in Florida. The other issue that was a matter of public debate focused on a proposed amendment in the House to fully offset the cost of the FY2005 supplemental through a proportional reduction in discretionary funds; the House rejected the amendment.
Date: October 22, 2004
Creator: Bea, Keith & Chite, Ralph M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Airborne Laser (ABL): Issues for Congress (open access)

Airborne Laser (ABL): Issues for Congress

This report examines the airborne laser (ABL) program and budget status. It also examines a variety of related issues, including the questionable maturity of ABL technologies, the number of ABL platforms the United States should acquire, and to what degree the United STates should invest in alternative technologies in the event that the ABL may not prove successful. This report does not provide a detailed technical assessment of the ABL program (see CRS Report RL30185, The Airborne Laser Anti-Missile Program).
Date: October 22, 2003
Creator: Bolkcom, Christopher & Hildreth, Steven A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Farm Credit Services of America Ends Attempt to Leave the Farm Credit System (open access)

Farm Credit Services of America Ends Attempt to Leave the Farm Credit System

This report discusses Farm Credit Services of America's (FCSA) attempt at leaving the Farm Credit System (FCS) — a government-sponsored enterprise — to be bought by a private company. The option to leave the System is allowed by statute under the Farm Credit Act of 1971, as amended, but has been exercised only once, and did not involve an outside purchaser.
Date: October 22, 2004
Creator: Monke, Jim
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Politics, Elections, and Benchmarks (open access)

Iraq: Politics, Elections, and Benchmarks

Iraq's political system, the result of a U.S.-supported election process, continues to be riven by sectarianism and ethnic and factional infighting. The Administration is optimistic that the passage of key laws in 2008, including a law to govern provincial elections to be held in early 2009, will sustain recent reductions in violence.
Date: October 22, 2008
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Who Are the "Middle Class"? (open access)

Who Are the "Middle Class"?

There is no consensus definition of "middle class," neither is there an official government definition. What constitutes the middle class is relative, subjective, and not easily defined. The mid-point in the distribution is the median, and in 2007 the median household income was $50,233. How far above and below that amount the middle stretches remains an open question. This report explores the various definitions of the middle class and what salary ranges those definitions encompass, as well as related statistics and surveys that support this information.
Date: October 22, 2008
Creator: Cashell, Brian W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defense Acquisition: Use of Lead System Integrators (LSIs) -- Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress (open access)

Defense Acquisition: Use of Lead System Integrators (LSIs) -- Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress

Some in Congress have expressed concern about the government's use of private-sector lead system integrators (LSIs) for executing large, complex, defense-related acquisition programs. LSIs are large, prime contractors hired to manage such programs. Supporters of the LSI concept argue that it is needed to execute such complex acquisition efforts, and can promote better technical oversight and innovation.
Date: October 22, 2008
Creator: Grasso, Valerie Bailey
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Military Airlift: C-17 Program Background (open access)

Military Airlift: C-17 Program Background

The C-17 Globemaster III is a long-range cargo aircraft operated by the U.S. Air Force since 1993. To date, Congress has funded 190 C-17s for the Air Force. The C-17 program remains a key issue as Congress evaluates the needs of DOD's strategic airlift force. This paper provides program background for the C-17. For more detailed analysis of current issues regarding the C-17 acquisition, see CRS Report RL34264, Strategic Airlift Modernization: Analysis of C-5 Modernization and C-17 Acquisition Issues.
Date: October 22, 2008
Creator: Bolkcom, Christopher & Knight, William
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Congress and U.S. Policy on North Korean Human Rights and Refugees: Recent Legislation and Implementation (open access)

Congress and U.S. Policy on North Korean Human Rights and Refugees: Recent Legislation and Implementation

The passage of the reauthorization of the North Korean Human Rights Act in October 2008 reasserted congressional interest in influencing the Bush Administration's policy toward North Korea. In addition to reauthorizing funding at original levels, the bill expresses congressional criticism of the implementation of the original 2004 law and adjusts some of the provisions relating to the Special Envoy on Human Rights in North Korea and the U.S. resettlement of North Korean refugees. Some outside analysts have pointed to the challenges of highlighting North Korea's human rights violations in the midst of the ongoing nuclear negotiations, as well as the difficulty in effectively reaching North Korean refugees as outlined in the law. Further, the law may complicate coordination on North Korea with China and South Korea.
Date: October 22, 2008
Creator: Chanlett-Avery, Emma
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Annuities and the Securities and Exchange Commission Proposed Rule 151A (open access)

Annuities and the Securities and Exchange Commission Proposed Rule 151A

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) recently released a proposed rule that would effectively reclassify equity indexed annuities as a security product in addition to being an insurance product. This report presents the different types of annuities, explains the taxation of annuities, and disentangles the federal and state roles in the regulation of annuities. It outlines the proposed SEC rule and its current status.
Date: October 22, 2008
Creator: Webel, Baird
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Texas Register, Volume 29, Number 43, Pages 9739-9938, October 22, 2004 (open access)

Texas Register, Volume 29, Number 43, Pages 9739-9938, October 22, 2004

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.
Date: October 22, 2004
Creator: Texas. Secretary of State.
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History