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Endangered Species: Difficult Choices (open access)

Endangered Species: Difficult Choices

This report discusses issues debated in the 107th Congress while is considering various proposals to amend the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA). Major issues in recent years have included changing the role of science in decision-making, changing the role of critical habitat, reducing conflicts with Department of Defense activities, incorporating further protection for property owners, and increasing protection of listed species, among others. In addition, many have advocated including significant changes to ESA regulations made during the Clinton Administration in the law itself.
Date: October 6, 2003
Creator: Buck, Eugene H.; Corn, M. Lynne & Baldwin, Pamela
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Products Liability: A Legal Overview (open access)

Products Liability: A Legal Overview

None
Date: October 6, 2003
Creator: Cohen, Henry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Military Medical Care Services: Questions and Answers (open access)

Military Medical Care Services: Questions and Answers

None
Date: October 6, 2003
Creator: Best, Richard A., Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Restructuring DOE and Its Laboratories: Issues in the 106th Congress (open access)

Restructuring DOE and Its Laboratories: Issues in the 106th Congress

A number of legislative proposals to restructure or eliminate the Department of Energy (DOE) and the DOE laboratories have been introduced since the end of the Cold War, especially since the beginning of the 104th Congress. This legislation has been introduced because of perceived major problems with DOE, including its overall mission. Sponsors state, for example, that about 85% of DOE's budget is for non-energy programs, even though the nation's dependency on foreign energy sources has increased since the establishment of the department. Also of concern is the department's failure to go far enough, in their view, in solving its long-term management problems, downsizing, and reducing budgets.
Date: October 6, 2000
Creator: Boesman, William C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 108th Congress (open access)

Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 108th Congress

None
Date: October 6, 2004
Creator: Bruno, Andorra; Wasem, Ruth Ellen; Siskin, Alison; Ester, Karma; Lee, Margaret Mikyung; Viña, Stephen R. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Intelligence Issues for Congress (open access)

Intelligence Issues for Congress

This report discusses intelligence issues for Congress including terrorism, conflicts between Israel and Palestine, in Iraq, and among the former Yugoslav states, and North Korean missile capabilities. Updated October 6, 2003.
Date: October 6, 2003
Creator: Best, Richard A., Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of 9/11 Commission Recommended Intelligence Reforms, S. 2845, S. 2774, H.R. 5024, Administration Proposal, H.R. 10, Current Law (open access)

Comparison of 9/11 Commission Recommended Intelligence Reforms, S. 2845, S. 2774, H.R. 5024, Administration Proposal, H.R. 10, Current Law

This report, the second of two reports, presents side-by-side comparisons of the 9/11 Commission recommendations and current law and legislation proposed by Senators Collins and Lieberman (S. 2845) and unanimously approved by the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee on September 22, 2004, as amended; House Speaker Dennis Hastert (H.R. 10), as reported out be the House Committee on Rules; Senators McCain and Lieberman (S. 2774); Representative Pelosi (H.R. 5024); and President Bush. CRS Report RL32600 presents side-by-side comparisons of the 9/11 Commission recommendations and current law; and legislation proposed by Senators Feinstein, Bob Graham, Daschle, and Roberts; President Bush; and relevant provisions of current law.
Date: October 6, 2004
Creator: Cumming, Alfred
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medical Malpractice Liability Reform: Legal Issues and Fifty-State Survey of Caps on Punitive Damages and Noneconomic Damages (open access)

Medical Malpractice Liability Reform: Legal Issues and Fifty-State Survey of Caps on Punitive Damages and Noneconomic Damages

None
Date: October 6, 2003
Creator: Cohen, Henry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Social Security Reform (open access)

Social Security Reform

None
Date: October 6, 2003
Creator: Kollmann, Geoffrey & Nuschler, Dawn
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Space Programs: Civilian, Military, and Commercial (open access)

U.S. Space Programs: Civilian, Military, and Commercial

None
Date: October 6, 2003
Creator: Smith, Marcia S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Space Stations (open access)

Space Stations

None
Date: October 6, 2003
Creator: Smith, Marcia S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Space Launch Vehicles: Government Activities, Commercial Competition, and Satellite Exports (open access)

Space Launch Vehicles: Government Activities, Commercial Competition, and Satellite Exports

None
Date: October 6, 2003
Creator: Smith, Marcia S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China: Possible Missile Technology Transfers under U.S. Satellite Export Policy - Actions and Chronology (open access)

China: Possible Missile Technology Transfers under U.S. Satellite Export Policy - Actions and Chronology

This CRS Report discusses security concerns, significant congressional and administration action, and a comprehensive chronology pertaining to satellite exports to the PRC. The report discusses issues for U.S. foreign and security policy (including that on China and weapons nonproliferation), such as: What are the benefits and costs of satellite exports to China for U.S. economic and security interests? Should the United States continue, change, or cease the policy in place since the Reagan Administration that has allowed exports of satellites to China (for its launch and – increasingly – for its use)? Etc.
Date: October 6, 2003
Creator: Kan, Shirley A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
"Junk E-mail": An Overview of Issues and Legislation Concerning Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Mail ("Spam") (open access)

"Junk E-mail": An Overview of Issues and Legislation Concerning Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Mail ("Spam")

Unsolicited commercial e-mail (UCE), also called “spam” or “junk e-mail,” aggravates many computer users. Not only can spam be a nuisance, but its cost may be passed on to consumers through higher charges from Internet service providers who must upgrade their systems to handle the traffic. Also, some spam involves fraud, or includes adult-oriented material that offends recipients or that parents want to protect their children from seeing. Proponents of UCE insist it is a legitimate marketing technique that is protected by the First Amendment. While 36 states have anti-spam laws, there is no federal law specifically concerning spam. Nine “antispam” bills are pending in the 108th Congress: H.R. 1933 (Lofgren), H.R. 2214 (Burr-Tauzin-Sensenbrenner), H.R. 2515 (Wilson-Green), S. 563 (Dayton), S. 877 (Burns-Wyden), S. 1052 (Nelson-FL), S. 1231 (Schumer), S. 1293 (Hatch), and S. 1327 (Corzine). Two (S. 877 and S. 1293) have been reported from committee. Tables providing brief “side-by-side” comparisons of the bills are included at the end of this report.
Date: October 6, 2003
Creator: Smith, Marcia S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan and Enhanced Base Security since 9/11 (open access)

The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan and Enhanced Base Security since 9/11

Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, CRS estimates that the Administration has allocated a total of about $357 billion for military operations, reconstruction, embassy costs, and various foreign aid programs in Iraq and Afghanistan, and for enhanced security at defense bases. This total includes $45 billion in “bridge” funding for the Department of Defense (DOD) as provided in H.J.Res. 68 /P.L.109- 77, a FY2006 Continuing Resolution, which was signed by the President on September 30, 2005.
Date: October 6, 2005
Creator: Belasco, Amy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Presidential Advisers' Testimony Before Congressional Committees: An Overview (open access)

Presidential Advisers' Testimony Before Congressional Committees: An Overview

None
Date: October 6, 2004
Creator: Relyea, Harold C. & Shampansky, Jay R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Social Security Survivors Benefits (open access)

Social Security Survivors Benefits

None
Date: October 6, 2005
Creator: Romig, Kathleen & Szymendera, Scott
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of 9/11 Commission Recommended Intelligence Reforms, Roberts Draft Bill, H.R. 4104, S. 190, S. 1520, S. 6, H.R. 4584, and Current Law (open access)

Comparison of 9/11 Commission Recommended Intelligence Reforms, Roberts Draft Bill, H.R. 4104, S. 190, S. 1520, S. 6, H.R. 4584, and Current Law

This report, the first of two reports, presents side-by-side comparisons of the 9/11 Commission recommendations and legislation proposed by Senators Feinstein, Bob Graham, Daschle, and Roberts; and Representatives Harman and Goss, and relevant provisions of current law. A second report (CRS Report RL32601) presents a side-by-side comparison of the 9/11 Commission recommendations and legislation proposed by Senators Collins, Lieberman, and McCain; President Bush; and relevant provisions of current law.
Date: October 6, 2004
Creator: Cumming, Alfred
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy: Selected Facts and Numbers (open access)

Energy: Selected Facts and Numbers

Energy supplies and prices are a major economic factor in the United States, and energy markets are volatile and unpredictable. This report represents a statistical view of the supply and consumption of various forms of energy. After an introductory overview of aggregate energy consumption, the report presents detailed analysis of trends and statistics regarding specific energy sources: oil, electricity, natural gas, and coal. A section on trends in energy efficiency is also presented.
Date: October 6, 2006
Creator: Glover, Carol & Behrens, Carl E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY2007 Appropriations for State and Local Homeland Security (open access)

FY2007 Appropriations for State and Local Homeland Security

This report is an overview of the Administration’s budget request for the following seven homeland security programs designed to provide assistance to state and local first responders — firefighters, emergency medical personnel, emergency managers, and law enforcement officers.
Date: October 6, 2006
Creator: Reese, Shawn
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Disaster Assistance (open access)

Agricultural Disaster Assistance

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers several permanently authorized programs to help farmers recover financially from a natural disaster, including federal crop insurance, the non-insured assistance program and emergency disaster loans. In recent years, Congress frequently has made supplemental financial assistance available to farmers and ranchers on an ad-hoc basis, most notably in the form of direct crop disaster payments and emergency livestock assistance. Congress provided an estimated $3.1 billion of such assistance in the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2003 (P.L. 108-7) for 2001 and 2002 crop and livestock losses. Some farm groups would like to see similar assistance provided for 2003 losses, particularly in regions of the Midwest and West that have experienced prolonged drought conditions. To date, no ad-hoc assistance has been made available for 2003 losses.
Date: October 6, 2006
Creator: Chite, Ralph M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Issues in the 109th Congress (open access)

Agricultural Issues in the 109th Congress

A number of issues affecting U.S. agriculture have been or are being addressed by the 109th Congress. The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-171), enacted in February 2006, included a net reduction in spending on U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) mandatory programs of $2.7 billion over five years, and the reauthorization of a dairy income support program. Other issues of importance to agriculture during the second session of the 109th Congress include the consideration of emergency farm disaster assistance; multilateral and bilateral trade negotiations; concerns about agroterrorism, food safety, and animal and plant diseases (e.g., “mad cow” disease and avian flu); high energy costs; environmental issues; agricultural marketing matters; the reauthorization of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission; and farm labor issues.
Date: October 6, 2006
Creator: Chite, Ralph M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Financing Issues and Economic Effects of American Wars (open access)

Financing Issues and Economic Effects of American Wars

The increased government outlays associated with wars can be financed in four ways: through higher taxes, reductions in other government spending, government borrowing from the public, or money creation. The first two methods are unlikely to have an effect on economic growth (aggregate demand) in the short run. The latter two methods increase aggregate demand. Thus, a by-product of American wars has typically been a wartime economic boom in excess of the economy's sustainable rate of growth. This report analyzes these economic phenomena and discusses past relevant incidences.
Date: October 6, 2006
Creator: Labonte, Marc
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy: Selected Facts and Numbers (open access)

Energy: Selected Facts and Numbers

Energy supplies and prices are a major economic factor in the United States, and energy markets are volatile and unpredictable. This report represents a statistical view of the supply and consumption of various forms of energy. After an introductory overview of aggregate energy consumption, the report presents detailed analysis of trends and statistics regarding specific energy sources: oil, electricity, natural gas, and coal. A section on trends in energy efficiency is also presented.
Date: October 6, 2006
Creator: Glover, Carol & Behrens, Carl E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library