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The Adverse Effect Wage Rate (AEWR)
This report introduces the adverse effect wage rate (AEWR) and the concerns out of which it grew, from the perspective of labor policy (not of immigration policy). American agricultural employers have long utilized foreign workers on a temporary basis, regarding them as an important manpower resource. Often employed at low wages and under adverse conditions, such alien workers, some argue, may compete unfairly with U.S. workers. To mitigate any "adverse effect" for the domestic workforce, a system of wage floors was developed that applies, variously, both to alien and citizen workers.
Date:
April 5, 2004
Creator:
Whittaker, William G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S. National Science Foundation: An Overview
This report discuses the National Science Foundation (NSF), which provides support for investigator-initiated, merit-reviewed, competitively selected awards, state-of-the-art tools, and instrumentation and facilities. The majority of the research supported by the NSF is conducted at U.S. colleges and universities.
Date:
April 19, 2006
Creator:
Matthews, Christine M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Soil and Water Conservation: An Overview
This report discusses soil and water conservation topics, which are prominent in discussions of policy options for the next farm bill. Two omnibus conservation proposals have been introduced (H.R. 1551 and H.R. 1600), and many interest groups continue to offer policy recommendations ranging from general concepts to specific legislative language.
Date:
April 10, 2007
Creator:
Zinn, Jeffrey A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Civilian Nuclear Waste Disposal
This report discusses the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (NWPA), which calls for disposal of spent nuclear fuel in a deep geologic repository.
Date:
April 16, 2008
Creator:
Holt, Mark
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: FY2009 Appropriations
This report is a guide to one of the regular appropriations bills that Congress considers each year. It summarizes the status of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill, its scope, major issues, funding levels, and related congressional activity.
Date:
April 29, 2008
Creator:
Vincent, Carol H.; Bamberger, Robert; Bearden, David M.; Corn, M. L.; Esworthy, Robert; Gorte, Ross W. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the 110th Congress: Conflicting Values and Difficult Choices
This report will identify and discuss oversight issues and legislation introduced in the 110th Congress to address specific concerns related to how ESA is implemented and how endangered species are managed, and will be updated periodically to reflect legislative action.
Date:
April 9, 2007
Creator:
Buck, Eugene H.; Corn, M. L.; Sheikh, Pervaze A.; Meltz, Robert & Alexander, Kristina
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Recreation on Federal Lands
This report discuses the 109th Congress's considering legislation and conducting oversight on issues involving recreation on federal lands, including traditional recreational pursuits and newer forms of motorized recreation. The Administration is addressing these issues through budgetary, regulatory, and other actions.
Date:
April 25, 2006
Creator:
Calvert, Kori & Vincent, Carol H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the 109th Congress: Conflicting Values and Difficult Choices
This report discusses various proposals to amend the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA; P.L. 93-205, 16 U.S.C. §§1531-1543). Major issues include changing the role of science in decision-making, modifying critical habitat (CH) procedures, reducing conflicts with Department of Defense activities, incorporating further protection and incentives for property owners, and increasing protection of listed species, among others.
Date:
April 12, 2006
Creator:
Buck, Eugene H.; Corn, M. Lynne; Sheikh, Pervaze A.; Baldwin, Pamela & Meltz, Robert
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal Sentencing Guidelines: Background, Legal Analysis, and Policy Options
This report provides a summary of U.S. penal policy at the federal level. The report then discusses legislation that created the current federal sentencing structure, the different types of sentencing guidelines, and analyses of departures from the guidelines under the federal system and of possible policy options the 109th Congress may wish to consider if it chooses to address this issue.
Date:
April 4, 2005
Creator:
Seghetti, Lisa M. & Smith, Alison M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fishery, Aquaculture, and Marine Mammal Legislation in the 109th Congress
Fish and marine mammals are important resources in open ocean and nearshore coastal areas; many federal laws and regulations guide their management. This report discusses a variety of laws and legislation pertaining to this issue.
Date:
April 13, 2006
Creator:
Buck, Eugene H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): Federal Legal Authority
This report outlines U.S. jurisdiction over ocean resources and analyzes the existing laws to assess their application to marine environments.
Date:
April 24, 2008
Creator:
Vann, Adam
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program: How are State Allotments Determined?
This report discusses the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), which is a block grant program under which the federal government provides states annual grants to operate multi-component home energy assistance programs for needy households.
Date:
April 17, 2001
Creator:
Abbey, Craig W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP): Program and Funding
This report discusses Low-Income Home Energy Assistance program (LIHEAP) funds for FY2006 and FY2007. It also discusses current issues and legislation related to LIHEAP.
Date:
April 6, 2006
Creator:
Perl, Libby
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Wetlands Coverage of the Clean Water Act Is Revisited by the Supreme Court: Rapanos v. United States
This report discusses the Supreme Court decision in Rapanos v. United States, which addressed the asserted jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) over wetlands adjacent to "waters of the United States," the problematic phrase used by the Clean Water Act (CWA) to define the geographic scope of the act's wetlands permitting program.
Date:
April 22, 2008
Creator:
Meltz, Robert & Copeland, Claudia
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Air Quality: EPA's 2006 Changes to the Particulate Matter (PM) Standard
On October 17, 2006,3 the EPA published its revisions to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for particulates to provide protection against potential health effects associated with short- and long-term exposure to particulate matter (including chronic respiratory disease and premature mortality). In order to better understand EPA's actions, this report provides an analysis of the agency's final 2006 revisions to the particulates NAAQS, and the estimated costs and benefits of the new standards and of more stringent alternatives analyzed.
Date:
April 17, 2008
Creator:
Esworthy, Robert & McCarthy, James E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Financing Issues and Economic Effects of American Wars
This report examines financing and economic issues in World War II, the Korean Conflict, the Vietnam Conflict, the Reagan Military Buildup, and the 1991 and 2003 wars in Iraq. It examines tax policy, non-military outlays, the budget balance, economic growth, inflation, and interest rates during these periods.
Date:
April 27, 2004
Creator:
Labonte, Marc
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Amending Process in the House of Representatives
This report summarizes many of the procedures and practices affecting the amending process on the floor of the House of Representatives. The process gives Members an opportunity to change the provisions of the bills and resolutions on which they are going to vote; it can be among the most complex as well as the most important stages of legislative consideration.
Date:
April 16, 2003
Creator:
Davis, Christopher M. & Bach, Stanley
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Discharge Rule in the House: Recent Use in Historical Context
This report discusses the "discharge rule" of the House of Representatives, which provides a means by which a majority of Members may bring to the floor for consideration a measure that has not been reported from committee.
Date:
April 17, 2003
Creator:
Beth, Richard S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy Tax Policy
This report discusses the history, current posture, and outlook for federal energy tax policy. It also discusses recent energy tax proposals, focusing on the major energy tax provisions that were debated as part of omnibus energy legislation in the 108th Congress (e.g., H.R. 6), which may be reintroduced in the 109th Congress.
Date:
April 22, 2005
Creator:
Lazzari, Salvatore
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Congressional Overrides of Presidential Vetoes
This report discusses Congress' power to override presidential vetoes. The President's veto authority is among his most significant tools in legislative dealings with Congress. It is effective not only in preventing the passage of legislation undesirable to the President, but also as a threat, sometimes forcing Congress to modify legislation before it is presented to the President.
Date:
April 7, 2004
Creator:
Sollenberger, Mitchel A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Education for the Disadvantaged: Overview of ESEA Title I-A Amendments Under the No Child Left Behind Act
This report provides an overview of aspects of Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) Title I-A which were substantially amended by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLBA); elements of the program which are important but which were not substantially revised by the NCLBA (such as parental involvement requirements) are not discussed in this report.
Date:
April 6, 2004
Creator:
Riddle, Wayne
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Abu Sayyaf: Target of Philippine-U.S. Anti-Terrorism Cooperation
This report provides an overview and policy analysis of the Abu Sayyaf terrorist group in the Philippines and the Philippine-U.S. program of military cooperation against it. It examines the origins and operations of Abu Sayyaf, the efforts of the Philippine government and military to eliminate it, and the implications of a greater U.S. military role in attempts to suppress it.
Date:
April 8, 2003
Creator:
Niksch, Larry
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Presidential Vetoes, 1789-Present: A Summary Overview
This report discusses the veto power vested in the President by Article I, Section 7 of the Constitution. It provides a general overview and a table of presidential vetoes from 1789-2004, listing the coincident Congresses, regular vetoes, pocket vetoes, total vetoes, and vetoes overridden for each president.
Date:
April 7, 2004
Creator:
Sollenberger, Mitchel A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Health Care Spending: Past Trends and Projections
This report focuses on trends in personal health care spending, which includes spending on health care goods and services provided to individuals and excludes expenditures for administrative costs, research, and public health activities. Personal health care expenditures have grown considerably over the past 40 years. It is estimated that personal health spending will exceed $2.9 trillion in 2013.
Date:
April 8, 2004
Creator:
Morgan, Paulette C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library