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Afghanistan's Path to Reconstruction: Obstacles, Challenges, and Issues for Congress (open access)

Afghanistan's Path to Reconstruction: Obstacles, Challenges, and Issues for Congress

Once hostilities end in Afghanistan and the Afghan phase of the war on terrorism starts to wind down, reconstruction efforts will begin in earnest. International attention will likely turn to Afghanistan’s short- and medium-term future, raising questions between the United States and its allies about division of labor, burdensharing, and exit strategies. It is anticipated that Congress will examine reconstruction efforts underway, aid priorities, long-term reconstruction proposals, and the implementation role to be played by the United States.
Date: April 8, 2002
Creator: Margesson, Rhoda
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Afghanistan: Challenges and Options for Reconstructing a Stable and Moderate State (open access)

Afghanistan: Challenges and Options for Reconstructing a Stable and Moderate State

This report provides information on and analysis of the current situation in Afghanistan, taking into consideration the country’s essential characteristics and political developments since about the time of the overthrow of the last Afghan King, Zahir Shah, in 1973, and sketches out four possible scenarios for Afghanistan’s future. Finally, the report identifies and analyzes factors that will influence Afghanistan’s political future, and discusses three policy areas in particular in which actions by the United States could be crucial to the achievement of the U.S. goal of a peaceful, stable, democratic, and terrorist-free Afghanistan. An appendix contains key documents relating to the December 2001 Bonn Agreement, which is the framework for current efforts to create a stable and democratic Afghanistan.
Date: April 24, 2002
Creator: Cronin, Richard P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Presidential Advisers' Testimony Before Congressional Committees: A Brief Overview (open access)

Presidential Advisers' Testimony Before Congressional Committees: A Brief Overview

None
Date: April 5, 2002
Creator: Relyea, Harold C. & Shampansky, Jay R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cooperative R&D: Federal Efforts to Promote Industrial Competitiveness (open access)

Cooperative R&D: Federal Efforts to Promote Industrial Competitiveness

In response to the foreign challenge in the global marketplace, the United States Congress has explored ways to stimulate technological advancement in the private sector. The government has supported various efforts to promote cooperative research and development activities among industry, universities, and the federal R&D establishment designed to increase the competitiveness of American industry and to encourage the generation of new products, processes, and services. Among the issues before Congress are whether joint ventures contribute to industrial competitiveness and what role, if any, the government has in facilitating such arrangements.
Date: April 8, 2002
Creator: Schacht, Wendy H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Science and Technology Policy: Issues for the 107th Congress, Second Session (open access)

Science and Technology Policy: Issues for the 107th Congress, Second Session

None
Date: April 3, 2002
Creator: Smith, Marcia S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Space Programs: Civilian, Military, and Commercial (open access)

U.S. Space Programs: Civilian, Military, and Commercial

None
Date: April 9, 2002
Creator: Smith, Marcia S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Space Stations (open access)

Space Stations

None
Date: April 9, 2002
Creator: Smith, Marcia S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Alternative Minimum Tax for Individuals (open access)

The Alternative Minimum Tax for Individuals

This report provides a brief overview of the alternative minimum tax (AMT) for individuals, discusses the issues associated with the current system, and describes current legislation to amend the AMT. The report will be updated as legislative action warrants.
Date: April 19, 2002
Creator: Esenwein, Gregg A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
2001 Tax Cut: Description, Analysis, and Background (open access)

2001 Tax Cut: Description, Analysis, and Background

A major tax cut, H.R. 1836, was enacted in June 2001, but contained sunsetted provisions. The House will consider, the week of April 15, making those tax provisions permanent. This report summarizes the provisions of the bill, analyzes effects, and considers the development of the legislation.
Date: April 12, 2002
Creator: Brumbaugh, David L.; Gravelle, Jane G.; Maguire, Steven; Talley, Louis Alan & Lyke, Bob
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Using Business Tax Cuts to Stimulate the Economy (open access)

Using Business Tax Cuts to Stimulate the Economy

None
Date: April 2, 2002
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Tax Cuts and Economic Stimulus: How Effective Are the Alternatives? (open access)

Tax Cuts and Economic Stimulus: How Effective Are the Alternatives?

None
Date: April 2, 2002
Creator: Gravelle, Jane G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Technology Transfer: Use of Federally Funded Research and Development (open access)

Technology Transfer: Use of Federally Funded Research and Development

None
Date: April 8, 2002
Creator: Schacht, Wendy H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Why Certain Trade Agreements Are Approved as Congressional-Executive Agreements Rather Than as Treaties (open access)

Why Certain Trade Agreements Are Approved as Congressional-Executive Agreements Rather Than as Treaties

Trade agreements such asthe NAFTA and the GATT Uruguay Round agreements have been approved by majority vote of each House of Congress rather than by twothirds vote of the Senate — that is, they have been treated as congressional-executive agreements rather than astreaties. The congressional-executive agreement has been the vehicle for implementingCongress' long-standing policy ofseeking trade benefitsfor the United States through reciprocal trade negotiations. In a succession of statutes, Congress has authorized the President to negotiate and enter into tariff and nontariff barrier (NTB) agreements for limited periods, while mandating that NTB and free trade area agreements negotiated under this authority could enter into force for the United States only if approved by both Houses in a bill enacted into public law and other statutory conditions were met.
Date: April 5, 2002
Creator: Grimmett, Jeanne J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Trade and the Americas (open access)

Trade and the Americas

None
Date: April 8, 2002
Creator: Ahearn, Raymond J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Trade Remedy Law Reform in the 107th Congress (open access)

Trade Remedy Law Reform in the 107th Congress

Trade remedies are government measures to minimize the adverse impact of imports on domestic industries. Anti-dumping duties are used to counter the effects of imports sold at unfairly low prices on the domestic market. Countervailing duties are used to counter the price effects of imports that benefit from government subsidies in the exporting countries. Safeguard remedies (also called Section 201 and escape clause remedies) are used to reduce the injurious impact of surges in fairly trade imports.
Date: April 20, 2002
Creator: Cooper, William H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Free Trade Agreements: Impact on U.S. Trade and Implications for U.S. Trade Policy (open access)

Free Trade Agreements: Impact on U.S. Trade and Implications for U.S. Trade Policy

None
Date: April 9, 2002
Creator: Cooper, William H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China and the World Trade Organization (open access)

China and the World Trade Organization

China has sought over the past several years to become a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the international agency that administers multilateral trade rules. China’s WTO membership (as well as that of Taiwan’s) was formally approved at the WTO Ministerial Conference in Doha, Qatar in November 2001. On December 11, 2001, China officially became a WTO member. WTO membership will require China to significantly liberalize its trade and investment regimes, which could produce significant new commercial opportunities for U.S. businesses. A main concern for Congress is to ensure that China fully complies with its WTO commitments.
Date: April 2, 2002
Creator: Morrison, Wayne M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues (open access)

Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues

None
Date: April 2, 2002
Creator: Hornbeck, J. F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Railroad Safety Program and Reauthorization Issues (open access)

Federal Railroad Safety Program and Reauthorization Issues

The Federal Railroad Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation is the primary federal agency that promotes and regulates railroad safety. To implement its safety responsibilities, the Federal Railroad Administration uses numerous strategies including the Safety Assurance and Compliance Program, field inspections; and to help improve its regulations, the administration uses the Railroad Safety Advisory Committee. This report contains information on the Federal Railroad Administration's Safety Program, railroad safety statistics, key reauthorization issues, and related information.
Date: April 22, 2002
Creator: Rothberg, Paul F. & Williamson, John
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Arsenic in Drinking Water: Recent Regulatory Developments and Issues (open access)

Arsenic in Drinking Water: Recent Regulatory Developments and Issues

This report discusses issues regarding the arsenic’s health effects and how to reduce the uncertainty in assessing health risks associated with exposure to low levels of arsenic. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the current standard of 50 parts per billion (ppb) in 1975. . This report reviews EPA efforts to develop a new arsenic rule and summarizes key provisions and subsequent events.
Date: April 29, 2002
Creator: Tiemann, Mary
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Chemical Weapons Convention: Issues for Congress (open access)

Chemical Weapons Convention: Issues for Congress

The Convention provides the most extensive and intrusive verification regime of any arms control treaty, extending its coverage to not only governmental but also civilian facilities. The Convention also requires export controls and reporting requirements on chemicals that can be used as warfare agents and their precursors. The CWC establishes the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) to oversee the Convention's implementation. Chemical Weapons Convention implementing legislation, as S. 610, passed the Senate unanimously on May 23, 1997. This legislation, which was an amendment in the nature of a substitute reported from the Judiciary Committee, provides the statutory authority for domestic compliance with the Convention's provisions. It sets criminal and civil penalties for the development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, transfer, possession, or use of chemical weapons.
Date: April 30, 2002
Creator: Bowman, Steven R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues (open access)

Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, and Control Issues

None
Date: April 12, 2002
Creator: Woolf, Amy F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Preventing Proliferation of Biological Weapons: U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet States (open access)

Preventing Proliferation of Biological Weapons: U.S. Assistance to the Former Soviet States

None
Date: April 10, 2002
Creator: Cook, Michelle Stem & Woolf, Amy F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Terrorist Attacks and National Emergency Declaration (open access)

Terrorist Attacks and National Emergency Declaration

None
Date: April 10, 2002
Creator: Relyea, Harold C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library