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The Clean Coal Technology Program: Current Prospects (open access)

The Clean Coal Technology Program: Current Prospects

The Clean Coal Technology (CCT) program, started in the 1980's and funded generously in the early 1990's, has completed most of its surviving projects and has not funded any new ones since 1994. However, President Bush’s FY2002 budget outline proposed spending $2 billion over 10 years on a restructured CCT program. It is not clear what kind of projects would be included in the new program.
Date: April 6, 2001
Creator: Behrens, Carl E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Military Spending by Foreign Nations: Data from Selected Public Sources (open access)

Military Spending by Foreign Nations: Data from Selected Public Sources

None
Date: April 6, 2001
Creator: Tyszkiewicz, Mary T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Campaign Financing (open access)

Campaign Financing

This is one report in the series of reports that discuss the campaign finance practices and related issues. Concerns over financing federal elections have become a seemingly perennial aspect of our political system, centered on the enduring issues of high campaign costs and reliance on interest groups for needed campaign funds. The report talks about the today’s paramount issues such as perceived loopholes in current law and the longstanding issues: overall costs, funding sources, and competition.
Date: April 6, 2001
Creator: Cantor, Joseph E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Foreign Aid: An Introductory Overview of U.S. Programs and Policy (open access)

Foreign Aid: An Introductory Overview of U.S. Programs and Policy

Foreign assistance is a fundamental component of the international affairs budget and is viewed by many as an essential instrument of U.S foreign policy. This report provides an overview of the U.S. foreign aid program, by addressing a number of the more frequently asked questions regarding the subject.
Date: April 6, 2001
Creator: Tarnoff, Curt & Nowels, Larry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
NATO and the European Union (open access)

NATO and the European Union

Report which discusses issues related to the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) including the level of involvement of the entities in using political and military actions to defend against terrorism and proliferation, the types of military forces necessary, the role of the EU in crisis management, the appropriateness of decision-making procedures to respond to emerging threats, and the role of other international institutions.
Date: April 6, 2004
Creator: Archick, Kristin & Gallis, Paul E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Protecting Noncreative Databases: Bills Before the 108th Congress (open access)

Protecting Noncreative Databases: Bills Before the 108th Congress

None
Date: April 6, 2004
Creator: Jeweler, Robin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FBI Intelligence Reform Since September 11, 2001: Issues and Options for Congress (open access)

FBI Intelligence Reform Since September 11, 2001: Issues and Options for Congress

None
Date: April 6, 2004
Creator: Cumming, Alfred & Masse, Todd M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Transportation Security: Issues for the 109th Congress (open access)

Transportation Security: Issues for the 109th Congress

None
Date: April 6, 2005
Creator: Frittelli, John F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Education for the Disadvantaged: Overview of ESEA Title 1-A Amendments Under the No Child Left Behind Act (open access)

Education for the Disadvantaged: Overview of ESEA Title 1-A Amendments Under the No Child Left Behind Act

This report provides an overview of aspects of ESEA Title I-A which were substantially amended by the NCLBA; elements of the program which are important but which were not substantially revised by the NCLBA (such as parental involvement requirements) are not discussed in this report. Other current and forthcoming reports will provide more detailed discussions and analyses of selected major aspects of the program, including pupil assessments,2 accountability, and allocation formulas. This report will be updated regularly, to reflect significant actions regarding funding and implementation of the NCLBA provisions.
Date: April 6, 2004
Creator: Riddle, Wayne C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Trade Negotiations in the 108th Congress (open access)

Trade Negotiations in the 108th Congress

None
Date: April 6, 2004
Creator: Fergusson, Ian F. & Sek, Lenore
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Parliament (open access)

The European Parliament

The European Parliament (EP) is one of the three key institutions of the European Union (EU), and the only EU institution whose members are directly elected. This report discusses the construction and history of the EP, its role in functions of the EU as well as internationally, various international supports and criticisms of the EP, and the EP's ties with the U.S. Congress.
Date: April 6, 2005
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Educational Testing: Implementation of ESEA Title I-A Requirements Under the No Child Left Behind Act (open access)

Educational Testing: Implementation of ESEA Title I-A Requirements Under the No Child Left Behind Act

This report provides background information on state pupil assessment programs and policies, a description of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) Title I-A assessment requirements as expanded by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLBA), a review of the implementation status of these requirements, and an analysis of related issues which may be addressed by the 108th Congress.
Date: April 6, 2004
Creator: Riddle, Wayne C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Tsunamis and Earthquakes: Is Federal Disaster Insurance in Our Future? (open access)

Tsunamis and Earthquakes: Is Federal Disaster Insurance in Our Future?

On December 26, 2004, an earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter Scale struck six miles below the surface of the Indian Ocean on the northern tip of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The 2004 earthquake spawned a massive tsunami (and extensive flooding) that smashed the coastlines of 12 countries in South Asia and East Africa, resulting in over 175,000 fatalities, an additional 106,000 missing, and significant economic and non-economic damages. Insured losses are relatively low compared to the economic and non-economic costs. Few structures or facilities in the region were insured.
Date: April 6, 2005
Creator: King, Rawle O.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Child Welfare Financing: An Issue Overview (open access)

Child Welfare Financing: An Issue Overview

The purpose of this report is to describe the federal interest in child welfare (as expressed by Congress); describe the current level and structure of federal dedicated child welfare financing and examine trends in the appropriation and spending of this money; and to review the extent to which states rely on non-dedicated federal funds for child welfare purposes. Finally, the report discusses the future federal commitment to child welfare financing, along with the concepts of flexibility and accountability, as these relate both to current law and to recent proposals to alter federal child welfare financing.
Date: April 6, 2005
Creator: Stoltzfus, Emilie
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Oil-for-Food Program, Illicit Trade, and Investigations (open access)

Iraq: Oil-for-Food Program, Illicit Trade, and Investigations

This report discusses issues with the “oil-for-food” program (OFFP), which was the centerpiece of a long-standing U.N. Security Council effort to alleviate human suffering in Iraq while maintaining key elements of the 1991 Gulf war-related sanctions regime. The program terminated following the fall of Saddam Hussein’s regime, the assumption of sovereignty by an interim Iraqi government on June 28, 2004, and the lifting of Saddam-era U.N. sanctions. However, since the fall of the regime, there have been new allegations of mismanagement and abuse of the program, including allegations that Saddam Hussein’s regime manipulated the program to influence U.N. officials, contractors, and politicians and businessmen in numerous countries.
Date: April 6, 2005
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth & Blanchard, Christopher M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S.-European Union Trade Relations: Issues and Policy Challenges (open access)

U.S.-European Union Trade Relations: Issues and Policy Challenges

None
Date: April 6, 2005
Creator: Ahearn, Raymond J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses (open access)

Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses

Report discussing the efforts made by the Bush Administration regarding Iran and U.S. foreign policy. The report also highlights major concerns surrounding Iran's human rights practices, strict limits on democracy, and connections to Islamic extremist groups who openly oppose the U.S.-led Middle East peace process.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy (open access)

Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy

The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy Issues (open access)

China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy Issues

Congress has long been concerned about whether U.S. policy advances the national interest in reducing the role of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and missiles that could deliver them. China has taken some steps to mollify U.S. concerns about its role in weapons proliferation. Skeptics question whether China's cooperation in weapons nonproliferation has warranted President Bush's pursuit of stronger bilateral ties. This report discusses the national security problem of China's role in weapons proliferation and issues related to the U.S. policy response, including legislation, since the mid-1990s.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Kan, Shirley A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Immigration: Policy Considerations Related to Guest Worker Programs (open access)

Immigration: Policy Considerations Related to Guest Worker Programs

This report discusses of guest worker programs that takes place against a backdrop of historically high levels of unauthorized migration to the United States.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Bruno, Andorra
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nonproliferation and Threat Reduction Assistance: U.S. Programs in the Former Soviet Union (open access)

Nonproliferation and Threat Reduction Assistance: U.S. Programs in the Former Soviet Union

Congress passed the Nunn-Lugar amendment, authorizing U.S. threat reduction assistance to the former Soviet Union, in November 1991, after a failed coup in Moscow and the disintegration of the Soviet Union raised concerns about the safety and security of Soviet nuclear weapons. The annual program has grown from $400 million in the DOD budget around $1.1 billion across three agencies — DOD ($372.2 million) DOE ($682.6 million) and the State Department ($63 million).
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Woolf, Amy F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The United States and Europe: Current Issues (open access)

The United States and Europe: Current Issues

The United States and Europe share a long and intertwined history. Both sides of the Atlantic face a common set of international concerns, have few other comparable partners and share a deep economic relationship. Nevertheless, numerous foreign policy and trade conflicts have seriously challenged U.S.-European relations in recent years. This report examines the current state of the transatlantic relationship and key issues that may have implications for U.S. interests during the second session of the 109th Congress. It will be updated as events warrant. Also see CRS Report RL32577, The United States and Europe: Possible Options for U.S. Policy, by Kristin Archick.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Spectrum Management: Auctions (open access)

Spectrum Management: Auctions

This report discusses the radio frequency spectrum that is used for all forms of wireless communications, including cellular telephony, paging, personal communications service, radio and television broadcast, telephone radio relay, aeronautical and maritime radio navigation, and satellite command and control.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Moore, Linda K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The European Union in 2006 and Beyond (open access)

The European Union in 2006 and Beyond

The European Union (EU) experienced significant changes in 2004 as it enlarged from 15 to 25 members and continued work on a new constitutional treaty to institute internal reforms and further EU political integration. In 2005, the EU is expected to build on these efforts and seek to implement several recent foreign policy and defense initiatives. This report describes the current status of the EU’s “constitution,” EU enlargement, the EU’s evolving foreign and defense policies, and possible implications for U.S.-EU relations.
Date: April 6, 2006
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library