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The American Steel Industry: A Changing Profile (open access)

The American Steel Industry: A Changing Profile

The U.S. steel industry has faced increasing difficulties since the late 1990s. More than 30 U.S. steel producers have gone into bankruptcy. While different companies and parts of the industry have been affected to different degrees, the two types of domestic producers of raw steel, integrated mills and minimills, have both supported restrictions on imports, which they say have undermined the ability of the U.S. industry to produce steel economically. This report reviews industry developments and the economic situation of the steel industry, including legacy cost aspects of its problems.
Date: February 14, 2003
Creator: Cooney, Stephen
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Updated Volumetric Expansion Factors for K Basin Sludge During Storage (open access)

Updated Volumetric Expansion Factors for K Basin Sludge During Storage

Sludge has accumulated in the K East (KE) and K West (KW) Basins at the Hanford Site. This sludge contains metallic uranium and uranium oxides that will corrode, hydrate, and generate and consume gases during containerized storage. From these corrosion reactions, two sludge expansion mechanisms can be expected: 1) expansion of the volume of the sludge solids from the generation of corrosion oxidation products that occupy more space than the starting-state sludge; and 2) expansion of the bulk sludge volume from the retention of hydrogen gas bubbles. This report provides a review and updated projections of the volumetric expansion occurring due to corrosion and gas retention during the containerized storage of K Basin sludge. New design and safety basis volume expansion values are provided for the following sludge streams: KW Floor, KW North Loadout Pit, KW canister, and fuel piece sludge.
Date: March 14, 2003
Creator: Schmidt, Andrew J. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)) & Delegard, Calvin H. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB))
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear structure with accurate chiral perturbation theory nucleon-nucleon potential: Application to 6Li and 10B (open access)

Nuclear structure with accurate chiral perturbation theory nucleon-nucleon potential: Application to 6Li and 10B

The authors calculate properties of A = 6 system using the accurate charge-dependent nucleon-nucleon (NN) potential at fourth order of chiral perturbation theory. By application of the ab initio no-core shell model (NCSM) and a variational calculation in the harmonic oscillator basis with basis size up to 16 {h_bar}{Omega} they obtain the {sup 6}Li binding energy of 28.5(5) MeV and a converged excitation spectrum. Also, they calculate properties of {sup 10}B using the same NN potential in a basis space of up to 8 {h_bar}{Omega}. The results are consistent with results obtained by standard accurate NN potentials and demonstrate a deficiency of Hamiltonians consisting of only two-body terms. At this order of chiral perturbation theory three-body terms appear. It is expected that inclusion of such terms in the Hamiltonian will improve agreement with experiment.
Date: October 14, 2003
Creator: Navratil, P & Caurier, E
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Copyright Term Extension: Eldred v. Ashcroft (open access)

Copyright Term Extension: Eldred v. Ashcroft

This report examines the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Eldred v. Ashcroft. Plaintiffs/Petitioners challenged the constitutionality under the Copyright Clause of a law adding 20 years to the terms of existing and future copyrights. The law was upheld by both the U.S. district court and the court of appeals considering it. Among the questions before the Supreme Court was whether Congress may retrospectively extend the term of copyright for existing copyrights; and, what role and impact, if any, does the First Amendment have in determining the validity of a congressional extension of copyright terms.
Date: February 14, 2003
Creator: Jeweler, Robin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy Policy: Setting the Stage for the Current Debate (open access)

Energy Policy: Setting the Stage for the Current Debate

This report discusses the energy policy. Comprehensive energy legislation was introduced in the Senate by both parties by late March (S. 388, S. 389, S. 596, S. 597).
Date: January 14, 2003
Creator: Bamberger, Robert L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Investigation into the Role of Initial Conditions on Rayleigh-Taylor Instabilities by Low Atwood Experiments and Simulations (open access)

Investigation into the Role of Initial Conditions on Rayleigh-Taylor Instabilities by Low Atwood Experiments and Simulations

The primary goal of the research being conducted this summer is to investigate the role of initial conditions in the development of a two fluid mix driven by Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The effects of initial conditions will be studied through the use of experimental facilities located at the Buoyancy-Driven Mixing Lab at Texas A&M University and through high resolution direct numerical simulations of the experiment by the MIRANDA code developed at Lawrence Livermore National Lab. The Experimental Objectives are: (1) Analyze the early time development of a two fluid Rayleigh-Taylor driven mix between two miscible fluids at low Atwood numbers. (2) Quantify the initial conditions of the unstably stratified fluids by means of statistical mixing parameters and spectral analysis of the centerline density fluctuations. (3) Capture PLIF images of initial development of the flow for use in simulation setup. (Wayne Kraft) (4) Determine exactly what component of the experimental mixing data (position downstream from the splitter plate) most accurately represents the initial conditions of the experiment. The Simulation Objectives are: (1) Perform two dimensional and three dimensional simulations of the experimental setup. Analyze the results of these simulations for comparison to the experimental results. (2) Various methods of implementing the initial …
Date: July 14, 2003
Creator: Mueschke, N; Andrews, M & Schilling, O
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Simulations of rapid pressure-induced solidification in molten metals (open access)

Simulations of rapid pressure-induced solidification in molten metals

The process of interest in this study is the solidification of a molten metal subjected to rapid pressurization. Most details about solidification occurring when the liquid-solid coexistence line is suddenly transversed along the pressure axis remain unknown. We present preliminary results from an ongoing study of this process for both simple models of metals (Cu) and more sophisticated material models (MGPT potentials for Ta). Atomistic (molecular dynamics) simulations are used to extract details such as the time and length scales that govern these processes. Starting with relatively simple potential models, we demonstrate how molecular dynamics can be used to study solidification. Local and global order parameters that aid in characterizing the phase have been identified, and the dependence of the solidification time on the phase space distance between the final (P,T) state and the coexistence line has been characterized.
Date: October 14, 2003
Creator: Patel, M V & Streitz, F H
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
General Constraints on Cross Sections Deduced from Surrogate Reactions (open access)

General Constraints on Cross Sections Deduced from Surrogate Reactions

Cross sections that cannot be measured in the laboratory, e.g. because the target lifetime is too short, can be inferred indirectly from a different reaction forming the same compound system, but with a more accessible beam/target combination (the ''surrogate-reaction'' technique). The reactions share the same compound system and a common decay mechanism, but they involve different formation processes. Therefore, an implicit constraint is imposed on the inferred cross section deduced from the measured surrogate-reaction data, through the common decay mechanism. In this paper, the mathematical consequences of this implicit constraint are investigated. General formulas are derived from upper and lower bounds on the inferred cross section, estimated from surrogate data in a procedure which does not require any modeling of the common decay process. As an example, the formulas developed here are applied to the case of the {sup 235}U(n,f) cross section, deduced from {sup 234}U(t,pf) surrogate data. The calculated bounds are not very tight in this particular case. However, by introducing a few qualitative assumptions about the physics of the fission process, meaningful bounds on the deduced cross section are obtained. Upper and lower limits for the cross-section ratio of the (n,f) reaction on the {sup 235}U isomer at …
Date: August 14, 2003
Creator: Younes, W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Albany News (Albany, Tex.), Vol. 128, No. 11, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 14, 2003 (open access)

The Albany News (Albany, Tex.), Vol. 128, No. 11, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 14, 2003

Weekly newspaper from Albany, Texas that includes local, county, and state news along with extensive advertising.
Date: August 14, 2003
Creator: Lucas, Melinda L.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Forest Fire/Wildfire Protection (open access)

Forest Fire/Wildfire Protection

This report provides historical background on wildfires, and describes concerns about the wildland-urban interface and about forest and rangeland health. It discusses fuel management, fire control, and fire effects and also examines federal, state, and landowner roles and responsibilities in protecting lands and resources from wildfires. The report concludes by discussing current issues for federal wildfire management.
Date: August 14, 2003
Creator: Gorte, Ross W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Orientation for New State WAP Directors and Staff (open access)

Orientation for New State WAP Directors and Staff

NASCSP has been providing The Orientation for New Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) State Directors and Staff yearly for the past four years. This report is a general description of the trainings and supporting documentation from the most recent event. The Orientation and Training provides attendees with a comprehensive overview of the WAP from the federal, state, and local perspectives. A variety of presenters make information available on a wide range of subjects deemed necessary to effectively operate the Program. During the first day of training, staff from the Department of Energy WAP office, NASCSP, the National Energy Assistance Director's Association, Economic Opportunity Studies, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory present materials and participate in open discussion with the attendees about the federal program requirements. Some of the day's subjects include: History of the WAP; Funding, Rules, Regulations, and Program Guidance Documents; WAP State Plan Application Process and Submission; Training and Technical Assistance Activity; Administration and Federal/State Monitoring Requirements; and National Significance of WAP and the Political Process. The second day focuses on implementation strategies for the Program. Presenters from state offices and local management provide their perspective on the following subjects: Utility Restructuring Integration Strategies; Program Expansion Issues; Integration of New …
Date: April 14, 2003
Creator: Adams, Robert & Barone, Tracy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Photophysics of Two-dimensional Semiconductor Nanoparticle/Liquid Interfaces (open access)

Photophysics of Two-dimensional Semiconductor Nanoparticle/Liquid Interfaces

These studies have investigated the optical properties of two very different types of two-dimensional semiconductor nanoclusters and superlattices of these nanoclusters.
Date: November 14, 2003
Creator: Kelley, David F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Estimating the Benefits of Government-Sponsored Energy R&D: Synthesis of Conference Discussions (open access)

Estimating the Benefits of Government-Sponsored Energy R&D: Synthesis of Conference Discussions

In 2001, a National Research Council (NRC) committee conducted a retrospective study of the benefits of some of the energy efficiency and fossil energy programs in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). As part of its study, the NRC committee developed a methodological framework for estimating these benefits. Following the NRC report, a conference was organized by Oak Ridge National Laboratory to discuss ways of adapting and refining the NRC framework for possible use by DOE offices to help plan and manage their R&D. This report is a synthesis of the discussions at the conference.
Date: November 14, 2003
Creator: Lee, R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development of Hot Pressing as a Low Cost Processing Technique for Fuel Cell Fabrication (open access)

Development of Hot Pressing as a Low Cost Processing Technique for Fuel Cell Fabrication

Dependable, plentiful, and economical energy has been the driving force for financial, industrial, and political growth in the US since the mid 19th century. For a country whose progress is so deeply rooted in abundant energy and whose current political agenda involves stabilizing world fossil fuel prices, the development of a reliable, efficient and environmentally friendly power generating source seems compulsory. The maturing of high technology fuel cells may be the panacea the country will find indispensable to free itself from foreign dependence. Fuel cells offer an efficient, combustion-less, virtually pollution-free power source, capable of being sited in downtown urban areas or in remote regions. Fuel cells have few moving parts and run almost silently. Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy of a fuel directly to electrical energy. Unlike batteries, which store a finite amount of energy, fuel cells will generate electricity continuously, as long as fuel and oxidant are available to the electrodes. Additionally, fuel cells offer clean, efficient, and reliable power and they can be operated using a variety of fuels. Hence, the fuel cell is an extremely promising technology. Over the course of this research, the fundamental knowledge related to ceramic processing, sintering, …
Date: January 14, 2003
Creator: Sarin, V
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Measured energy savings from the application of reflective roofsin 2 small non-residential buildings (open access)

Measured energy savings from the application of reflective roofsin 2 small non-residential buildings

Energy use and environmental parameters were monitored in two small (14.9 m{sup 2}) non-residential buildings during the summer of 2000. The buildings were initially monitored for about 1 1/2 months to establish a base condition. The roofs of the buildings were then painted with a white coating and the monitoring was continued. The original solar reflectivities of the roofs were about 26%; after the application of roof coatings the reflectivities increased to about 72%. The monitored electricity savings were about 0.5kWh per day (33 Wh/m2 per day). The estimated annual savings are about 125kWh per year (8.4 kWh/m2); at a cost of $0.1/kWh, savings are about $0.86/m2 per year. Obviously, it costs significantly more than this amount to coat the roofs with reflective coating, particularly because of the remote locations of these buildings. However, since the prefabricated roofs are already painted green at the factory, painting them a white (reflective) color would bring no additional cost. Hence, a reflective roof saves energy at no incremental cost.
Date: January 14, 2003
Creator: Akbari, Hashem
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Wylie News (Wylie, Tex.), Vol. 55, No. 51, Ed. 1 Wednesday, May 14, 2003 (open access)

The Wylie News (Wylie, Tex.), Vol. 55, No. 51, Ed. 1 Wednesday, May 14, 2003

Weekly newspaper from Wylie, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with advertising.
Date: May 14, 2003
Creator: Engbrock, Chad B.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
[Clipping: She set the bar for all pilots] (open access)

[Clipping: She set the bar for all pilots]

Newspaper clipping from the Desert Sun, "She set the bar for all pilots: Jackie Cochran had more flight records than anyone and became part of valley history" by Mary Anne Pinkston. The story continues from the front page to page E5 and discusses her flying accomplishments and trophies, as well as her marriage to Floyd Odlum and their life together.
Date: September 14, 2003
Creator: Pinkston, Mary Anne
Object Type: Clipping
System: The Portal to Texas History
[News Clip: Victoria Bodies 02] captions transcript

[News Clip: Victoria Bodies 02]

Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.
Date: May 14, 2003
Creator: NBC 5 (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Video
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Clip: Victoria Bodies 01] captions transcript

[News Clip: Victoria Bodies 01]

Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.
Date: May 14, 2003
Creator: NBC 5 (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Video
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Ranger (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 78, No. 10, Ed. 1 Friday, November 14, 2003 (open access)

The Ranger (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 78, No. 10, Ed. 1 Friday, November 14, 2003

Weekly student newspaper from San Antonio College in San Antonio, Texas that includes campus news along with advertising.
Date: November 14, 2003
Creator: San Antonio College
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Rains County Leader (Emory, Tex.), Vol. 115, No. 31, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 14, 2003 (open access)

Rains County Leader (Emory, Tex.), Vol. 115, No. 31, Ed. 1 Tuesday, January 14, 2003

Weekly newspaper from Emory, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 14, 2003
Creator: Hill, Earl Clyde, Jr.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Clifton Record (Clifton, Tex.), Vol. 108, No. 14, Ed. 1 Friday, February 14, 2003 (open access)

The Clifton Record (Clifton, Tex.), Vol. 108, No. 14, Ed. 1 Friday, February 14, 2003

Semi-weekly newspaper from Clifton, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: February 14, 2003
Creator: Smith, W. Leon
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Polk County Enterprise (Livingston, Tex.), Vol. 121, No. 100, Ed. 1 Sunday, December 14, 2003 (open access)

Polk County Enterprise (Livingston, Tex.), Vol. 121, No. 100, Ed. 1 Sunday, December 14, 2003

Semi-weekly newspaper from Livingston, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 14, 2003
Creator: White, Barbara
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Clifton Record (Clifton, Tex.), Vol. 108, No. 92, Ed. 1 Friday, November 14, 2003 (open access)

The Clifton Record (Clifton, Tex.), Vol. 108, No. 92, Ed. 1 Friday, November 14, 2003

Semi-weekly newspaper from Clifton, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: November 14, 2003
Creator: Smith, W. Leon
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History