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Water Resource Issues in the 110th Congress
None
Date:
June 1, 2007
Creator:
Cody, Betsy A. & Hughes, H. Steven
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Water resources development in Santa Clara Valley, California: insights into the human-hydrologic relationship
Groundwater irrigation is critical to food production and, in turn, to humankind's relationship with its environment. The development of groundwater in Santa Clara Valley, California during the early twentieth century is instructive because (1) responses to unsustainable resource use were largely successful; (2) the proposals for the physical management of the water, although not entirely novel, incorporated new approaches which reveal an evolving relationship between humans and the hydrologic cycle; and (3) the valley serves as a natural laboratory where natural (groundwater basin, surface watershed) and human (county, water district) boundaries generally coincide. Here, I investigate how water resources development and management in Santa Clara Valley was influenced by, and reflective of, a broad understanding of water as a natural resource, including scientific and technological innovations, new management approaches, and changing perceptions of the hydrologic cycle. Market demands and technological advances engendered reliance on groundwater. This, coupled with a series of dry years and laissez faire government policies, led to overdraft. Faith in centralized management and objective engineering offered a solution to concerns over resource depletion, and a group dominated by orchardists soon organized, fought for a water conservation district, and funded an investigation to halt the decline of well …
Date:
June 1, 2000
Creator:
Reynolds, Jesse L. & Narasimhan, T.N.
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Water Science and Technology Board Annual Report 2001-2002
This annual report marks the twentieth anniversary of the Water Science and Technology Board (WSTB) (1982-2002). The WSTB oversees studies of water issues. The principal products of studies are written reports. These reports cover a wide range of water resources issues of national concern. The following three recently issued reports illustrate the scope of the WSTB's studies: Envisioning the Agenda for Water Resources Research in the Twenty-first Century. The Missouri River Ecosystem: Exploring the Prospects for Recovery, and Assessing the TMDL Approach to Water Quality Management. The WSTB generally meets three times each year where discussions are held on ongoing projects, strategic planning, and developing new initiatives. The meetings also foster communication within the water resources community. The annual report includes a discussion on current studies, completed studies 2001-2002, and future plans, as well as a listing of published reports (1983-2002).
Date:
October 1, 2002
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Water sorption mechanisms for MIS materials.
The fundamental processes that control the amount of water sorbed by impure plutonium-containing materials after calcination are reviewed. Of particular interest is the amount of and rate of moisture sorption at 1000 PPMv (parts-per-million vapor; -3% RH at 25 'C) and 10,000 PPMv (32% RH at 25 'C). Pure plutonium oxide powders will remain below the 0.5 wt% criterion for packaging in the DOE 3013 Standard at both water vapor concentrations [I]. Deliquescent salts that have been observed in calcined materials by DOES Materials Identification and Surveillance (MIS) program will exceed the 0.5 wt% criterion at 10,000 PPMv and will meet that standard at 1,000 PPMv. Hydrated salts will exceed the 0.5 wt% criterion at all technologically achievable water vapor concentrations if allowed to reach equilibrium. Controlling the moisture availability by controlling the atmospheric content at 1000 PPM' and limiting the access to atmospheric moisture after stabilization through the use of a properly configured stabilization boat will minimize moisture uptake by these materials.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Veirs, D. K. (Douglas Kirk); Mason, R. E. (Richard E.) & Erickson, R. M. (Randall M.)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Water structure as a function of temperature from X-ray scatteringexperiments and ab initio molecular dynamics
We present high-quality X-ray scattering experiments on pure water taken over a temperature range of 2 to 77 C using a synchrotron beam line at the advanced light source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The ALS X-ray scattering intensities are qualitatively different in trend of maximum intensity over this temperature range compared to older X-ray experiments. While the common procedure is to report both the intensity curve and radial distribution function(s), the proper extraction of the real-space pair correlation functions from the experimental scattering is very difficult due to uncertainty introduced in the experimental corrections, the proper weighting of OO, OH, and HH contributions, and numerical problems of Fourier transforming truncated data in Q-space. Instead, we consider the direct calculation of X-ray scattering spectra using electron densities derived from density functional theory based on real-space configurations generated with classical water models. The simulation of the experimental intensity is therefore definitive for determining radial distribution functions over a smaller Q-range. We find that the TIP4P, TIP5P and polarizable TIP4P-Pol2 water models, with DFT-LDA densities, show very good agreement with the experimental intensities, and TIP4P-Pol2 in particular shows quantitative agreement over the full temperature range. The resulting radial distribution functions from …
Date:
March 1, 2003
Creator:
Hura, Greg; Russo, Daniela; Glaeser, Robert M.; Head-Gordon,Teresa; Krack, Matthias & Parrinello, Michele
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Water Supply at Los Alamos 1998-2001
For the period 1998 through 2001, the total water used at Los Alamos from all sources ranged from 1325 million gallons (Mg) in 1999 to 1515 Mg in 2000. Groundwater production ranged from 1323 Mg in 1999 to 1506 Mg in 2000 from the Guaje, Pajarito, and Otowi fields. Nonpotable surface water used from Los Alamos reservoir ranged from zero gallons in 2001 to 9.3 Mg in 2000. For years 1998 through 2001, over 99% of all water used at Los Alamos was groundwater. Water use by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) between 1998 and 2001 ranged from 379 Mg in 2000 to 461 Mg in 1998. The LANL water use in 2001 was 393 Mg or 27% of the total water use at Los Alamos. Water use by Los Alamos County ranged from 872 Mg in 1999 to 1137 Mg in 2000, and averaged 1006 Mg/yr. Four new replacement wells in the Guaje field (G-2A, G-3A, G-4A, and G-5A) were drilled in 1998 and began production in 1999; with existing well G-1A, the Guaje field currently has five producing wells. Five of the old Guaje wells (G-1, G-2, G-4, G-5, and G-6) were plugged and abandoned in 1999, and …
Date:
March 1, 2003
Creator:
Koch, Richard J. & Rogers, David B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Water Temperature vs. BtA Stability Explored
N/A
Date:
September 1, 2000
Creator:
P., Samson & Karns, C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Water Transport Characteristics of Gas Diffusion Layer in a PEM Fuel Cell
A presentation addressing the following: Water transport in PEM Fuel Cells - a DoE Project 1. Gas Diffusion Layer--Role and Characteristics 2. Capillary Pressure Determinations of GDL Media 3. Gas Permeability Measurements of GDL Media 4. Conclusions and Future Activities
Date:
November 1, 2008
Creator:
Damle, Ashok S. & Cole, J. Vernon
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Watershed Evaluation and Habitat Response to Recent Storms : Annual Report for 1999.
Large and powerful storm systems moved through the Pacific Northwest during the wet season of 1995--96, triggering flooding, mass erosion, and, alteration of salmon habitats in affected watersheds. This project study was initiated to assess whether watershed conditions are causing damage, triggered by storm events, to salmon habitat on public lands in the Snake River basin. The storms and flooding in 1995--96 provide a prime opportunity to examine whether habitat conditions are improving, because the effects of land management activities on streams and salmon habitat are often not fully expressed until triggered by storms and floods. To address these issues, they are studying the recent storm responses of watersheds and salmon habitat in systematically selected subbasins and watersheds within the Snake River system. The study watersheds include several in the Wenaha and Tucannon subbasins in Washington and Oregon, and the watersheds of Squaw Creek (roaded) and Weir Creek (unroaded) in the Lochsa River subbasin, Idaho. The study was designed to examine possible differences in the effects of the storms in broadly comparable watersheds with differing magnitudes or types of disturbance. Watershed response is examined by comparing storm response mechanisms, such as rates of mass failure, among watersheds with similar attributes, …
Date:
February 1, 2000
Creator:
Rhodes, Jonathan J. & Huntington, Charles W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT ON THE PAJARITO PLATEAU: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) developed a draft watershed-management plan that pertains to the 43-mi{sup 2} area within the LANL boundaries. The watershed-management plan was started in 1996 with a number of overall goals: (1) to be a good steward of the natural resources entrusted to the laboratory, (2) to provide long-term evaluation regarding success of the Environmental Restoration Project in acceptably cleaning up sites, (3) compliance with the storm water National Pollution Discharge Elimination System program, and (4) upgrading the LANL environmental surveillance program that has been ongoing since the 1940s. LANL has an extensive network consisting of 53 surface-water-monitoring stations located in every major canyon, upstream and downstream of LANL, and at most confluences. Monitoring of the network has been ongoing for about 20 years. The stations are equipped with ultrasonic transducers that trip automated samplers to collect water samples from every flow event. These data have been reported every year in the report series Environmental Surveillance at Los Alamos, but have not been used to analyze watershed health. The focus of the LANL watershed-management plan is to use water quality data to monitor watershed health and to implement management actions when LANL activities, past or present, adversely …
Date:
January 1, 2001
Creator:
Mullen, Ken; Bitner, Kelly & Buckley, Kevin
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
S-wave K- pi+ system in D+ ---> K- pi+ pi+ decays from Fermilab E791
A new approach to the analysis of three body decays is presented. Model-independent results are obtained for the S-wave K{pi} amplitude as a function of K{pi} invariant mass. These are compared with results from K{sup -}{pi}{sup +} elastic scattering, and the prediction of the Watson theorem, that the phase behavior be the same below K{eta}' threshold, is tested. Contributions from I = 1/2 and I = 3/2 are not resolved in this study. If I = 1/2 dominates, however, the Watson theorem does not describe these data well.
Date:
June 1, 2005
Creator:
Meadows, B. T. & U., /Cincinnati
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wavefront curvature limitations and compensation to polar format processing for synthetic aperture radar images.
Limitations on focused scene size for the Polar Format Algorithm (PFA) for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image formation are derived. A post processing filtering technique for compensating the spatially variant blurring in the image is examined. Modifications to this technique to enhance its robustness are proposed.
Date:
January 1, 2006
Creator:
Doerry, Armin Walter
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wavelengths of the 4s1/2 - 4p3/2 resonance lines in Cu- and Zn-like heavy ions
Using an electron beam ion trap and a high-resolution flat-field spectrometer, the EUV resonance lines 4s{sub 1/2} - 4p{sub 3/2} of the Cu- and Zn-like ions of Os, Bi, Th, and U (Z = 76-92) have been observed and their wavelengths measured. Our experiments remove systematic errors from line blends encountered in earlier work. Our results on Cu-like ions are in good agreement with recent ab initio calculations for all ions that include QED. Our results for Zn-like ions corroborate and extend our earlier findings, but consistently good theoretical values for comparison are lacking.
Date:
March 1, 2004
Creator:
Beiersdorfer, P; Chen, H & Trabert, E
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Wavelet Based Dissipation Method for ALE Schemes
Wavelet analysis is natural tool to detect the presence of numerical noise, shocks and other features which might drive a calculation to become unstable. Here we suggest ways where wavelets can be used effectively to define a dissipation flag to replace dissipation flags traditionally used in ALE numerical schemes.
Date:
July 1, 2000
Creator:
Cabot, B; Eliason, D. & Jameson, L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wavelet crosstalk matrix and its application to assessment of shift-variant imaging systems
The objective assessment of image quality is essential for design of imaging systems. Barrett and Gifford [1] introduced the Fourier cross talk matrix. Because it is diagonal for continuous linear shift-invariant imaging systems, the Fourier cross talk matrix is a powerful technique for discrete imaging systems that are close to shift invariant. However, for a system that is intrinsically shift variant, Fourier techniques are not particularly effective. Because Fourier bases have no localization property, the shift-variance of the imaging system cannot be shown by the response of individual Fourier bases; rather, it is shown in the correlation between the Fourier coefficients. This makes the analysis and optimization quite difficult. In this paper, we introduce a wavelet cross talk matrix based on wavelet series expansions. The wavelet cross talk matrix allows simultaneous study of the imaging system in both the frequency and spatial domains. Hence it is well suited for shift variant systems. We compared the wavelet cross talk matrix with the Fourier cross talk matrix for several simulated imaging systems, namely the interior and exterior tomography problems, limited angle tomography, and a rectangular geometry positron emission tomograph. The results demonstrate the advantages of the wavelet cross talk matrix in analyzing …
Date:
November 1, 2002
Creator:
Qi, Jinyi & Huesman, Ronald H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wax Point Determinations Using Acoustic Resonance Spectroscopy
The thermodynamic characterization of the wax point of a given crude is essential in order to maintain flow conditions that prevent plugging of undersea pipelines. This report summarizes the efforts made towards applying an Acoustic Cavity Resonance Spectrometer (ACRS) to the determination of pressures and temperatures at which wax precipitates from crude. Phillips Petroleum Company, Inc., the CRADA participant, supplied the ACRS. The instrumentation was shipped to Dr. Thomas Schmidt of ORNL, the CRADA contractor, in May 2000 after preliminary software development performed under the guidance of Dr. Samuel Colgate and Dr. Evan House of the University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl. Upon receipt it became apparent that a number of modifications still needed to be made before the ACRS could be precisely and safely used for wax point measurements. This report reviews the sequence of alterations made to the ACRS, as well as defines the possible applications of the instrumentation once the modifications have been completed. The purpose of this Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Phillips Petroleum Company, Inc. (Participant) and Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation (Contractor) was the measurement of the formation of solids in crude oils and petroleum products that are commonly transported through pipelines. This …
Date:
June 1, 2001
Creator:
Bostick, D. T.; Jubin, R. T. & Schmidt, T. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
WB/GEF Renewable Energy Development Project: Renewable Energy in China
Fact sheet describes China's Renewable Energy Development Project to supply electricity to rural households and institutions with wind energy and solar power (photovoltaics). World Bank and Global Environmental Facility fund the project.
Date:
April 1, 2004
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Weak lensing bispectrum
Weak gravitational lensing of background galaxies offers an excellent opportunity to study the intervening distribution of matter. While much attention to date has focused on the two-point function of the cosmic shear, the three-point function, the bispectrum, also contains very useful cosmological information. Here, we compute three corrections to the bispectrum which are nominally of the same order as the leading term. We show that the corrections are small, so they can be ignored when analyzing present surveys. However, they will eventually have to be included for accurate parameter estimates from future surveys.
Date:
January 1, 2005
Creator:
Dodelson, Scott & Zhang, Pengjie
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Weak Lensing Effects on the Galaxy Three-Point Correlation Function
None
Date:
April 1, 2008
Creator:
Schmidt, Fabian; Vallinotto, Alberto; Sefusatti, Emiliano & Dodelson, Scott
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Weak Mixing and Rare Decays in the Littlest Higgs Model
Little Higgs models have been introduced to resolve the fine-tuning problems associated with the stability of the electroweak scale and the constraints imposed by the precision electroweak analysis of experiments testing the Standard Model of particle physics. Flavor physics provides a sensitive probe of the new physics contained in these models at next-to-leading order.
Date:
March 1, 2007
Creator:
Bardeen, William A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Weak proton capture on {sup 3}He
The astrophysical S-factor for the proton weak capture on {sup 3}He is calculated with correlated-hyperspherical-harmonics bound and continuum wave functions corresponding to realistic Hamiltonians consisting of the Argonne {upsilon}{sub 14} or Argonne {upsilon}{sub 18} two-nucleon and Urbana-VIII or Urbana-IX three-nucleon interactions. The nuclear weak charge and current operators have vector and axial-vector components, that include one- and many-body terms. All possible multipole transitions connecting any of the p {sup 3}He S- and P-wave channels to the {sup 4}He bound state are considered. The S-factor at a p {sup 3}He center-of-mass energy of 10 keV, close to the Gamow-peak energy, is predicted to be 10.1 x 10{sup {minus}20} keV b with the AV18/UIX Hamiltonian, a factor of about 4.5 larger than the value adopted in the standard solar model. The P-wave transitions are found to be important, contributing about 40% of the calculated S-factor. The energy dependence is rather weak: the AV18/UIX zero-energy S-factor is 9.64 x 10{sup {minus}20} keV b, only 5% smaller than the 10 keV result quoted above. The model dependence is also found to be weak: the zero-energy S-factor is calculated to be 10.2 x 10{sup {minus}20} keV b with the older AV14/UVIII model, only 6% larger …
Date:
March 1, 2000
Creator:
Marcucci, L. E.; Schiavilla, R.; Viviani, M.; Kievsky, A.; Rosati, S. & Beacom, J. F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Weak Transitions in A=6 and 7 Nuclei
The {sup 6}He beta decay and {sup 7}Be electron capture processes are studied using variational Monte Carlo wave functions, derived from a realistic Hamiltonian consisting of the Argonne upsilon{sub 18} two-nucleon and Urbana-IX three-nucleon interactions. The model for the nuclear weak axial current includes one- and two-body operators with the strength of the leading two-body term - associated with Delta-isobar excitation of the nucleon -- adjusted to reproduce the Gamow-Teller matrix element in tritium Beta-decay. The measured half-life of {sup 6}He is under-predicted by theory by {approx_equal}8%, while that of {sup 7}Be for decay into the ground and first excited states of {sup 7}Li is over-predicted by {approx_equal} 9%. However, the experimentally known branching ratio for these latter processes is in good agreement with the calculated value. Two-body axial current contributions lead to a {approx_equal}1.7% (4.4%) increase in the value of the Gamow-Teller matrix element of {sup 6}He ({sup 7}Be), obtained with one-body currents only, and slightly worsen (appreciably improve) the agreement between the calculated and measured half-life. Corrections due to retardation effects associated with the finite lepton momentum transfers involved in the decays, as well as contributions of suppressed transitions induced by the weak vector charge and axial current …
Date:
January 1, 2001
Creator:
Schiavilla, R. & Wiringa, R.B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Weapons-Grade MOX Fuel Burnup Characteristics in Advanced Test Reactor Irradiation
Mixed oxide (MOX) test capsules prepared with weapons-derived plutonium have been irradiated to a burnup of 50 GWd/t. The MOX fuel was fabricated at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) by a master-mix process and has been irradiated in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). Previous withdrawals of the same fuel have occurred at 9, 21, 30, 40, and 50 GWd/t. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) manages this test series for the Department of Energy’s Fissile Materials Disposition Program (FMDP). A UNIX BASH (Bourne Again SHell) script CMO has been written and validated at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) to couple the Monte Carlo transport code MCNP with the depletion and buildup code ORIGEN-2 (CMO). The new Monte Carlo burnup analysis methodology in this paper consists of MCNP coupling through CMO with ORIGEN-2(MCWO). MCWO is a fully automated tool that links the Monte Carlo transport code MCNP with the radioactive decay and burnup code ORIGEN-2. The fuel burnup analyses presented in this study were performed using MCWO. MCWO analysis yields time-dependent and neutron-spectrum-dependent minor actinide and Pu concentrations for the ATR small I-irradiation test position. The purpose of this report is to validate both the Weapons-Grade …
Date:
July 1, 2006
Creator:
Chang, G. S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Weapons of Mass Destruction Counterproliferation: Legal Issues for Ships and Aircraft
None
Date:
October 1, 2003
Creator:
Elsea, Jennifer K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library