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Forensic imaging tools for law enforcement
Conventional methods of gathering forensic evidence at crime scenes are encumbered by difficulties that limit local law enforcement efforts to apprehend offenders and bring them to justice. Working with a local law-enforcement agency, Sandia National Laboratories has developed a prototype multispectral imaging system that can speed up the investigative search task and provide additional and more accurate evidence. The system, called the Criminalistics Light-imaging Unit (CLU), has demonstrated the capabilities of locating fluorescing evidence at crime scenes under normal lighting conditions and of imaging other types of evidence, such as untreated fingerprints, by direct white-light reflectance. CLU employs state of the art technology that provides for viewing and recording of the entire search process on videotape. This report describes the work performed by Sandia to design, build, evaluate, and commercialize CLU.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Smithpeter, Colin L.; Sandison, David R. & Vargo, Timothy D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Formation of the State H_C of Charmonium in the Reaction P Anti-P -> H_C -> Etac Gamma -> Phi Phi Gamma -> 4k Gamma
None
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Legger, Federica & U., /Turin
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Forward-Biased Thermal Cycling: A New Module Qualification Test
Following a proposal by BP Solarex to modify the standard module qualification sequence, we performed a forward-biased themal cycling on three types of commercial modules to evaluate the procedure. The total number of thermal cycles was doubled to 400 and maximum power measurements were made every 50 cycles.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Osterwald, C. R.; Pruett, J.; Rummel, S.; Anderberg, A. & Ottoson, L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
FREE-SPACE QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY IN DAYLIGHT
Quantum cryptography is an emerging technology in which two parties may simultaneously generate shared, secret cryptographic key material using the transmission of quantum states of light. The security of these transmissions is based on the inviolability of the laws of quantum mechanics and information-theoretically secure post-processing methods. An adversary can neither successfully tap the quantum transmissions, nor evade detection, owing to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. In this paper we describe the theory of quantum cryptography, and the most recent results from our experimental free-space system with which we have demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of quantum key generation over a point-to-point outdoor atmospheric path in daylight. We achieved a transmission distance of 0.5 km, which was limited only by the length of the test range. Our results provide strong evidence that cryptographic key material could be generated on demand between a ground station and a satellite (or between two satellites), allowing a satellite to be securely re-keyed on orbit. We present a feasibility analysis of surface-to-satellite quantum key generation.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Hughes, Richard J.; Buttler, William T.; Kwiat, Paul G.; Lamoreaux, Steve K.; Morgan, George L.; Nordholt, Jane E. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fundamental mechanisms of micromachine reliability
Due to extreme surface to volume ratios, adhesion and friction are critical properties for reliability of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS), but are not well understood. In this LDRD the authors established test structures, metrology and numerical modeling to conduct studies on adhesion and friction in MEMS. They then concentrated on measuring the effect of environment on MEMS adhesion. Polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) is the primary material of interest in MEMS because of its integrated circuit process compatibility, low stress, high strength and conformal deposition nature. A plethora of useful micromachined device concepts have been demonstrated using Sandia National Laboratories' sophisticated in-house capabilities. One drawback to polysilicon is that in air the surface oxidizes, is high energy and is hydrophilic (i.e., it wets easily). This can lead to catastrophic failure because surface forces can cause MEMS parts that are brought into contact to adhere rather than perform their intended function. A fundamental concern is how environmental constituents such as water will affect adhesion energies in MEMS. The authors first demonstrated an accurate method to measure adhesion as reported in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2 through 5, they then studied the effect of water on adhesion depending on the surface condition (hydrophilic or hydrophobic). …
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
DE BOER,MAARTEN P.; SNIEGOWSKI,JEFFRY J.; KNAPP,JAMES A.; REDMOND,JAMES M.; MICHALSKE,TERRY A. & MAYER,THOMAS K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
FY 1999 cold demonstration of the Multi-Point Injection (MPI) process for stabilizing contaminated sludge in buried horizontal tanks with limited access at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory
A major problem faced by the U.S. Department of Energy is the remediation of buried tank waste. Exhumation of the sludge is currently the preferred remediation method. However, exhumation does not typically remove all the contaminated material from the tank. The best management practices for in-tank treatment of wastes require an integrated approach to develop appropriate treatment agents that can be safely delivered and uniformly mixed with the sludge. Ground Environmental Services, Inc., has developed and demonstrated a remotely controlled, high-velocity, jet-delivery system, which is termed Multi-Point-Injection (MPI{trademark}). This robust jet-delivery system has been used to create homogeneous monoliths containing shallow-buried miscellaneous waste in trenches [fiscal year (FY) 1995] and surrogate sludge in a cylindrical test tank (FY 1998). During the FY 1998 demonstration, the MPI process was able to successfully form a 32-ton uniform monolith in about 8 min. Analytical data indicated that 10 tons of a zeolite-type physical surrogate were uniformly mixed within the 40-inch-thick monolith without lifting the MPI jetting tools off the tank floor. Over 1,000 lb of cohesive surrogates, with consistencies of Gunite and Associated Tanks (GAATs) TH-4 and Hanford tank sludges, were easily mixed into the monolith without exceeding a core temperature of 100 …
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Kauschinger, J. L.; Lewis, B. E. & Spence, R. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gas Bubble Trauma Monitoring in the Clearwater River Drainage, Idaho 1999.
None
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Schriever, Ed
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gas Gun Impact Testing of PZT 95/5, Part 1: Unpoled State
In the present study, 10 impact tests were conducted on unpoled PZT 95/5, with 9% porosity and 2 at% Nb doping. These tests were instrumented to obtain time-resolved loading, unloading and span signatures. As well, PVDF gauges allowed shock timing to be established explicitly. The ferroelectric/antiferroelectric phases transition was manifested as a ramp to 0.4 GPa. The onset of crushup produced the most visible signature: a clear wave separation at 2.2 GPa followed by a highly dispersive wave. The end states also reflected crushup, and are consistent with earlier data and with related poled experiments. A span strength value of 0.17 GPa was measured for a shock stress of 0.5 GPa, this decreased to a very small value (no visible pullback signature) for a shock strength of 1.85 GPa.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
FURNISH,MICHAEL D.; SETCHELL,ROBERT E.; CHHABILDAS,LALIT C. & MONTGOMERY,STEPHEN T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gelcasting Polycrystalline Alumina
OSRAM SYLVANIA INC. is a major U.S. manufacturer of high-intensity lighting. Among its products is the Lumalux TM line of high-pressure sodium vapor arc lamps, which are used for industrial, highway, and street lighting. The key to the performance of these lamps is the polycrystalline alumina (PCA) tube that is used to contain the plasma that is formed in the electric arc. That plasma consists of ionized sodium, mercury, and xenon vapors. The key attributes of the PCA tubes are their transparency ({approximately}97% total transmittance in the visible), their refractoriness (inner wall temperature can reach l2OOC), and their chemical resistance (sodium and mercury vapor are extremely corrosive). The current efficiency of the lamps is very high, up to 100 initial lumens per watt. (Compare incandescent lamps 10-20 lumens per watt, fluorescent lamps 25-90 lumens per watt.)
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Janney, M. A.; Zuk, K. J. & Wei, G. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A GENERAL PREDICTIVE PERFORMANCE MODEL FOR WAVEFRONT ALGORITHMS ON CLUSTERS OF SMPS
None
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Hoisie, A. & Lubeck, O.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Generating Complex Molecular Graphics Using Automated Programs that Work with Raster 3D
Two programs have been written in C++ to greatly automate the process of computer simulation visualization inmost cases. These programs, rasterize.C and tracker.C, can be used to generate numerous images in order to create a video or still ties. In order to limit the amount of time and work involved in visualizing simulations, both of these programs have their own specific output formats. The first output format, from rasterize.C, is best suited for those who need only to visualize the actions of a single element, or elements that work on roughly the same time scale. The second format, from tracker.C, is best suited for simulations which involve multiple elements that work on different time scales and thus must be represented in a manner other than straight forward visualization.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
MEHLHORN,DEREK T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Heavy vehicle propulsion system materials program semiannual progress report for April 1999 through September 1999
The purpose of the Heavy Vehicle Propulsion System Materials Program is the development of materials: ceramics, intermetallics, metal alloys, and metal and ceramic coatings, to support the dieselization of class 1-3 trucks to realize a 35% fuel-economy improvement over current gasoline-fueled trucks and to support commercialization of fuel-flexible LE-55 low-emissions, high-efficiency diesel engines for class 7-8 trucks.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Johnson, D. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High Efficiency Generation of Hydrogen Fuels Using Nuclear Power - for the period August 1, 1999 through October 31, 1999
OAK B188 High Efficiency Generation of Hydrogen Fuels Using Nuclear Power - for the period August 1, 1999 through October 31, 1999. The highlights for this period are: (1) The methodologies for searching the literature for potentially attractive thermochemical water-splitting cycles, storing cycle and reference data, and screening the cycles have been established; and (2) The water-splitting cycle screening criteria were established on schedule.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Brown, L. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High energy effective action from scattering of shock waves in QCD
The author demonstrates that the amplitude for high-energy scattering can be factorized as a convolution of the contributions due to fast and slow fields. The fast and slow fields interact by means of Wilson-line operators -- infinite gauge factors ordered along the straight line. The resulting factorization formula gives a starting point for a new approach to the effective action for high-energy scattering in QCD.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Balitsky, Ian
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High Intensity Proton Injection at the Booste
N/A
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Zhang, S. Y.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High-Performance Building Design: Keys to Success
The energy-design process optimizes the interaction between the building envelope and systems. Buildings designed and constructed using this process can save between 30% and 75% in energy costs.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Hayter, S. J. & Torcellini, P. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Highly Efficient 32.3% Monolithic GaInP/GaAs/Ge Triple Junction Concentrator Solar Cells
Based on recent cell improvements for space applications, multijunction cells apear to be ideal candidates for high efficiency, cost effective, PV concentrator systems.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Cotal, H. L.; Lillington, D. R.; Ermer, J. H.; King, R. R.; Karam, N. H.; Kurtz, S. R. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A history of the working group to address Los Alamos community health concerns - A case study of community involvement and risk communication
In May 1991, at a Department of Energy (DOE) public hearing at Los Alamos, New Mexico, a local artist claimed there had been a recent brain tumor cluster in a small Los Alamos neighborhood. He suggested the cause was radiation from past operations of Los Alamos National Laboratory. Data from the Laboratory's extensive environmental monitoring program gave no reason to believe this charge to be true but also could not prove it false. These allegations, reported in the local and regional media, alarmed the community and revealed an unsuspected lack of trust in the Laboratory. Having no immediate and definitive response, the Laboratory offered to collaborate with the community to address this concern. The Los Alamos community accepted this offer and a joint Community-Laboratory Working Group met for the first time 29 days later. The working group set as its primary goal the search for possible carcinogens in the local environment. Meanwhile, the DOE announced its intention to fund the New Mexico Department of Health to perform a separate and independent epidemiological study of all Los Alamos cancer rates. In early 1994, after commissioning 17 environmental studies and meeting 34 times, the working group decided that the public health concerns …
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Otway, Harry & Johnson, Jon
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
How Porosity Modifies the Photovoltaic Effect in Nanocrystalline Solar Cells
The porosity of the nanocrystalline semiconductor affects many aspects of the photoconversion process in dye-sensitzed solar cells, thus distinguishing them mechanistically from conventional photovoltaic and photoelectro-chemical cells. We discuss several examples from our recent work.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Gregg, B. A. & Pichot, F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Human Assisted Assembly Processes
Automatic assembly sequencing and visualization tools are valuable in determining the best assembly sequences, but without Human Factors and Figure Models (HFFMs) it is difficult to evaluate or visualize human interaction. In industry, accelerating technological advances and shorter market windows have forced companies to turn to an agile manufacturing paradigm. This trend has promoted computerized automation of product design and manufacturing processes, such as automated assembly planning. However, all automated assembly planning software tools assume that the individual components fly into their assembled configuration and generate what appear to be a perfectly valid operations, but in reality the operations cannot physically be carried out by a human. Similarly, human figure modeling algorithms may indicate that assembly operations are not feasible and consequently force design modifications; however, if they had the capability to quickly generate alternative assembly sequences, they might have identified a feasible solution. To solve this problem HFFMs must be integrated with automated assembly planning to allow engineers to verify that assembly operations are possible and to see ways to make the designs even better. Factories will very likely put humans and robots together in cooperative environments to meet the demands for customized products, for purposes including robotic and …
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
CALTON,TERRI L. & PETERS,RALPH R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hydroxylapatite Otologic Implants
A Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation (LMER) and Smith and Nephew Richards Inc. of Bartlett, TN, was initiated in March 1997. The original completion date for the Agreement was March 25, 1998. The purpose of this work is to develop and commercialize net shape forming methods for directly creating dense hydroxylapatite (HA) ceramic otologic implants. The project includes three tasks: (1) modification of existing gelcasting formulations to accommodate HA slurries; (2) demonstration of gelcasting to fabricate green HA ceramic components of a size and shape appropriate to otologic implants: and (3) sintering and evaluation of the HA components.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
McMillan, A.D.; Lauf, R.J.; Beale, B. & Johnson, R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Incentives as a Tool for Stimulating PV Market Growth
This paper summarizes several studies analyzing consumer incentives for the grid-tied domestic photovoltaic (PV) market.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Herig, C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
THE INCORPORATION OF LUNG SURFACTANT SPECIFIC PROTEIN SP-B INTO LIPID MONOLAYERS AT THE AIR-FLUID INTERFACE: A GRAZING INCIDENCE X-RAY DIFFRCTION STUDY
None
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
LEE, K.; MAJEWSKI, J. & AL, ET
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Innovative MIOR Process Utilizing Indigenous Reservoir Constituents
This research program is directed at improving the knowledge of reservoir ecology and developing practical microbial solutions for improving oil production. The goal is to identify indigenous microbial populations which can produce beneficial metabolic products and develop a methodology to stimulate those select microbes with inorganic nutrient amendments to increase oil recovery.This microbial technology has the capability of producing multiple oil releasing agents. The potential of the system will be illustrated and demonstrated by the example of biopolymer production on oil recovery. Research has begun on the program and experimental laboratory work is underway. Polymer-producing cultures have been isolated from produced water samples and initially characterized. Concurrently, a microcosm scale sand-packed column has been designed and developed for testing cultures of interest, including polymer-producing strains. In research that is planned to begin in future work, comparative laboratory studies demonstrating in situ production of microbial products as oil recovery agents will be conducted in sand pack and cores with synthetic and natural field waters at concentrations, flooding rates, and with cultures and conditions representative of oil reservoirs.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Hitzman, D. O. & Bailey, S. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library