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The CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) (open access)

The CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS)

The CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) is used to study photo- and electro-induced nuclear and hadronic reactions by providing efficient detection of neutral and charged particles over a good fraction of the full solid angle. A collaboration of about thirty institutions has designed, assembled, and commissioned CLAS in Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The CLAS detector is based on a novel six-coil toroidal magnet which provides a largely azimuthal field distribution. Trajectory reconstruction using drift chambers results in a momentum resolution of 0.5% at forward angles. Cerenkov counters, time-of-flight scintillators, and electromagnetic calorimeters provide good particle identification. Fast triggering and high data acquisition rates allow operation at a luminosity of 10{sup 34} nucleon cm {sup -2}s{sup -1}. These capabilities are being used in a broad experimental program to study the structure and interactions of mesons, nucleons, and nuclei using polarized and unpolarized electron and photon beams and targets. This paper is a comprehensive and general description of the design, construction and performance of CLAS.
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Mecking, Bernhard & Collaboration, CLAS
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Challenge of benchmarking simulation codes for the LANL beam-halo experiment. (open access)

Challenge of benchmarking simulation codes for the LANL beam-halo experiment.

We compare macroparticle simulations with beam-profile measurements from a proton beam-halo experiment in a study of beam-halo formation in mismatched beams in a 52-quadrupole periodic-focusing channel. The lack of detailed measurement of the initial distribution is an important issue for being able to make reliable predictions of the halo. We have found earlier that different initial distributions with the same Courant-Snyder parameters and emittances produce similar matched-beam profiles, but different mismatched-beam profiles in the transport system. Also, input distributions with greater population in the tails produce larger rates of emittance growth. We have concluded that using only the known Courant-Snyder parameters and emittances as input parameters is insufficient information for reliable simulations of beam halo formed in mismatched beams. The question is how to obtain the best estimate of the input beam distribution needed for more accurate simulations. In this paper, we investigate a new least squares fitting procedure, which is applied to the simulations used to determine the injected beam distribution, in an attempt to obtain a more accurate description of halo formation than fiom simulation alone.
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Wangler, Thomas P.,; Lysenko, W. P. (Walter P.); Qiang, J. (Ji) & Garnett, R. W. (Robert W.)
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Chaos and collective relaxation in galaxies and charged-particle beams (open access)

Chaos and collective relaxation in galaxies and charged-particle beams

Both galaxies and charged particle beams can exhibit collective relaxation on surprisingly short time scales. This can be attributed to the effects of chaos, often triggered by resonances caused by time-dependences in the bulk potential, which act almost identically for attractive gravitational and repulsive electrostatic forces. These similarities suggest that many physical processes at work in galaxies, albeit not subject to direct controlled experiments, can be tested indirectly using facilities such as the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) currently nearing completion.
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Bohn, Courtlandt; U., /Fermilab /Northern Illinois; Kandrup, Henry E.; U., /Florida; Kishek, Rami A.; O'Shea, Patrick G. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Characteristics of stand-off detection of geological samples at MARS atmospheric pressure using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). (open access)

Characteristics of stand-off detection of geological samples at MARS atmospheric pressure using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).

LIBS has been proposed as a new method for stand-off detection of geological samples for use on landers and rovers to Mars and studies are on-going to determine capabilities. Because of the severe size, weight, ruggedness and power requirements for space instrumentation and the need to maximize scientific return, it is important to benchmark capabilities with parameters representative of compact instrumentation likely to be used in a flight instrument. Some of these issues are addressed here.
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Cremers, D. A. (David A.); Arp, Z. A. (Zane A.); Knight, Andrew K.; Scherbarth, Nancy L.; Wiens, R. C. (Roger C.) & Maurice, S. (Sylvestre)
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Characterization of background reflectivity for MEDUSA (open access)

Characterization of background reflectivity for MEDUSA

The DARPA MEDUSA program goal is to detect, locate, and identify electro-optical threats in the vicinity of a moving platform. Laser sensing will be employed to find these threats by looking for anomalous reflections from threat sensors. However, the reflectivity variability (clutter) in both natural and manmade backgrounds will inherently limit target detection levels. In parallel with advanced component development by several aerospace contractors, a study of this clutter limitation was initiated in the long-wave (LW) and midwave (MW) infrared spectral regions to properly drive system design parameters. The analysis of clutter and associated limits on detection has been a major component of LANL efforts in laser remote sensing for non-proliferation. LANL is now analyzing existing data and conducting additional selected measurements in both the LWIR (9 and 10.6 pm) and MWIR (4.6 pm) in support of the DARPA program to increase our understanding of these clutter limitations and, thereby aid in the design and development of the MEDUSA system. The status of the LANL effort will be discussed. A variety of different natural and manmade target types have been investigated. Target scenes range from relatively low clutter sites typical of a southwestern desert to higher clutter downtown urban sites. …
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Oldenborg, R. C. (Richard C.); Tiee, J. J. (Joe J.); Foy, B. R. (Bernard R.); Petrin, R. R. (Roger R.) & Wilson, C. W. (Carl W.)
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
CHARACTERIZING NATURAL GAS HYDRATES IN THE DEEP WATER GULF OF MEXICO: APPLICATIONS FOR SAFE EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES (open access)

CHARACTERIZING NATURAL GAS HYDRATES IN THE DEEP WATER GULF OF MEXICO: APPLICATIONS FOR SAFE EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES

In 2000, Chevron began a project to learn how to characterize the natural gas hydrate deposits in the deepwater portions of the Gulf of Mexico. A Joint Industry Participation (JIP) group was formed in 2001, and a project partially funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) began in October 2001. The primary objective of this project is to develop technology and data to assist in the characterization of naturally occurring gas hydrates in the deep water Gulf of Mexico (GOM). These naturally occurring gas hydrates can cause problems relating to drilling and production of oil and gas, as well as building and operating pipelines. Other objectives of this project are to better understand how natural gas hydrates can affect seafloor stability, to gather data that can be used to study climate change, and to determine how the results of this project can be used to assess if and how gas hydrates act as a trapping mechanism for shallow oil or gas reservoirs. During April-September 2002, the JIP concentrated on: Reviewing the tasks and subtasks on the basis of the information generated during the three workshops held in March and May 2002; Writing Requests for Proposals (RFPs) and Cost, Time …
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Holditch, Steve & Jones, Emrys
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
CHARACTERIZING NATURAL GAS HYDRATES IN THE DEEP WATER GULF OF MEXICO: APPLICATIONS FOR SAFE EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES (open access)

CHARACTERIZING NATURAL GAS HYDRATES IN THE DEEP WATER GULF OF MEXICO: APPLICATIONS FOR SAFE EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES

In 2000, Chevron began a project to learn how to characterize the natural gas hydrate deposits in the deepwater portions of the Gulf of Mexico. A Joint Industry Participation (JIP) group was formed in 2001, and a project partially funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) began in October 2001. The primary objective of this project is to develop technology and data to assist in the characterization of naturally occurring gas hydrates in the deep water Gulf of Mexico (GOM). These naturally occurring gas hydrates can cause problems relating to drilling and production of oil and gas, as well as building and operating pipelines. Other objectives of this project are to better understand how natural gas hydrates can affect seafloor stability, to gather data that can be used to study climate change, and to determine how the results of this project can be used to assess if and how gas hydrates act as a trapping mechanism for shallow oil or gas reservoirs. During the first six months of operation, the primary activities of the JIP were to conduct and plan Workshops, which were as follows: (1) Data Collection Workshop--March 2002 (2) Drilling, Coring and Core Analyses Workshop--May 2002 (3) …
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Holditch, Steve & Jones, Emrys
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cherokeean/Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 153, No. 45, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 1, 2003 (open access)

Cherokeean/Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 153, No. 45, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 1, 2003

Weekly newspaper from Rusk, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Whitehead, Marie
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Chief Joseph Kokanee Enhancement Project; Strobe Light Deterrent Efficacy Test and Fish Behavior Determination at the Grand Coulee Dam Third Powerplant Forebay, 2002-2003 Annual Report. (open access)

Chief Joseph Kokanee Enhancement Project; Strobe Light Deterrent Efficacy Test and Fish Behavior Determination at the Grand Coulee Dam Third Powerplant Forebay, 2002-2003 Annual Report.

Since 1995, the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation (Colville Confederated Tribes) have managed the Chief Joseph Kokanee Enhancement Project as part of the Northwest Power Planning Council (NWPPC) Fish and Wildlife Program. Project objectives have focused on understanding natural production of kokanee (a land-locked sockeye salmon) and other fish stocks in the area above Grand Coulee and Chief Joseph Dams on the Columbia River. A 42-month investigation concluded that entrainment at Grand Coulee Dam ranged from 211,685 to 576,676 fish annually. Further analysis revealed that 85% of the total entrainment occurred at the dam's third powerplant. These numbers represent a significant loss to the tribal fisheries upstream of the dam. In response to a suggestion by the NWPPC Independent Scientific Review Panel, the scope of work for the Chief Joseph Kokanee Enhancement Project was expanded to include a multiyear pilot test of a strobe light system to help mitigate fish entrainment. This report details the work conducted during the second year of the study by researchers of the Colville Confederated Tribes in collaboration with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The 2002 study period extended from May 18 through July 30. The objective of the study was to determine the …
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Johnson, R.; McKinstry, C. & Simmons, C. (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Chiller Controls-related Energy Saving Opportunities in FederalFacilities (open access)

Chiller Controls-related Energy Saving Opportunities in FederalFacilities

Chillers are a significant component of large facility energy use. The focus of much of the development of chilled water systems in recent years has been on optimization of set point and staging controls, improvements in chiller design to increase efficiency and accommodate chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerant replacements. Other improvements have been made by upgrading controls to the latest digital technologies, improving access and monitoring via communications and sophisticated liquid crystal displays (LCD), more robust fault diagnostics and operating and maintenance information logging. Advances have also been made in how chiller plant systems are designed and operated, and in the diversity of chiller products that are available to support innovative approaches. As in many industries, these improvements have been facilitated by advances in, and lower costs for, enabling technologies, such as refrigerants, compressor design, electronics for controls and variable frequency drives (VFD). Along with the improvements in electronics one would expect that advances have also been made in the functionality of unit controls included with chillers. Originally, the primary purpose of this project was to investigate the state of practice of chiller unit controllers in terms of their energy saving capabilities. However, early in the study it was discovered that advances …
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Webster, Tom
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Clifton Record (Clifton, Tex.), Vol. 108, No. 1, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 1, 2003 (open access)

The Clifton Record (Clifton, Tex.), Vol. 108, No. 1, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 1, 2003

Semi-weekly newspaper from Clifton, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Smith, W. Leon
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
CO2 Capture by Absorption With Potassium Carbonate (open access)

CO2 Capture by Absorption With Potassium Carbonate

The objective of this work is to improve the process for CO{sub 2} capture by alkanolamine absorption/stripping by developing an alternative solvent, aqueous K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} promoted by piperazine. Progress has been made in this reporting period on three subtasks. The rigorous Electrolyte Non-Random Two-Liquid (electrolyte-NRTL) model has been regressed to represent CO{sub 2} solubility in potassium carbonate/bicarbonate solutions. An analytical method for piperazine has been developed using a gas chromatograph. Funding has been obtained and equipment has been donated to provide for modifications of the existing pilot plant system with stainless steel materials.
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Rochelle, Gary T.; Seibert, A. Frank; Cullinane, J. Tim & Jones, Terraun
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Coeur d'Alene Tribal Production Facility: Volume 1 of 3, 2002-2003 Progress Report. (open access)

Coeur d'Alene Tribal Production Facility: Volume 1 of 3, 2002-2003 Progress Report.

In fulfillment of the NWPPC's 3-Step Process for the implementation of new hatcheries in the Columbia Basin, this Step 1 submission package to the Council includes four items: (1) Cover letter from the Coeur d'Alene Tribe, Interdisciplinary Team Chair, and the USFWS; (2) References to key information (Attachments 1-4); (3) The updated Master Plan for the Tribe's native cutthroat restoration project; and (4) Appendices. In support of the Master Plan submitted by the Coeur d'Alene Tribe the reference chart (Item 2) was developed to allow reviewers to quickly access information necessary for accurate peer review. The Northwest Power Planning Council identified pertinent issues to be addressed in the master planning process for new artificial production facilities. References to this key information are provided in three attachments: (1) NWPPC Program language regarding the Master Planning Process, (2) Questions Identified in the September 1997 Council Policy, and (3) Program language identified by the Council's Independent Scientific Review Panel (ISRP). To meet the need for off-site mitigation for fish losses on the mainstem Columbia River, in a manner consistent with the objectives of the Council's Program, the Coeur d'Alene Tribe is proposing that the BPA fund the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of …
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Anders, Paul
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Coeur d'Alene Tribal Production Facility: Volume 2 of 3, 2002-2003 Progress Report. (open access)

Coeur d'Alene Tribal Production Facility: Volume 2 of 3, 2002-2003 Progress Report.

This appendices covers the following reports: (1) Previous ISRP Reviews (Project 199004400) Implement Fisheries Enhancement Opportunities-Coeur d'Alene Reservation; (2) Step 1 review of the hatchery master plan (Memorandum from Mark Fritsch, Fish Production Coordinator, Draft version March 10, 2000); (3) Coeur d'Alene Tribe response to ISRP comments on Project No. 199004402; includes attachment A Water Quantity Report. This is an incomplete document Analysis of Well Yield Potential for a Portion of the Coeur d'Alene Reservation near Worley, Idaho, February 2001; (4) Coeur d'Alene Tribe Fisheries Program, Rainbow Trout Feasibility Report on the Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation prepared by Ronald L. Peters, February 2001; (5) Coeur d'Alene Tribe response letter pursuant to the questions raised in the Step 1 review of the Coeur d'Alene Tribe Trout Production Facility from Ronald L. Peters, March 27, 2001 ; includes attachments Water quantity report (this is the complete report), Appendix A Logs for Test Wells and 1999 Worley West Park Well, letters from Ralston, Appendix B Cost of Rainbow Purchase Alternative; (6) NPPC response (memorandum from Mark Fritsch, March 28, 2001); (7) Response to NPPC (letter to Frank Cassidy, Jr., Chair, from Ernest L. Stensgar, April 18, 2001); (8) Final ISRP review (ISRP 2001-4: …
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Anders, Paul
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Coeur d'Alene Tribal Production Facility: Volume 3 of 3, 2002-2003 Progress Report. (open access)

Coeur d'Alene Tribal Production Facility: Volume 3 of 3, 2002-2003 Progress Report.

This appendices covers the following reports: (1) Fisheries Habitat Evaluation on Tributaries of the Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation, 1993-94 annual report; (2) Coeur d'Alene Tribe Fish, Water, and Wildlife Program, Supplementation Feasibility Report on the Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation, 1998 technical report; and (3) Fisheries Habitat Evaluation on Tributaries of the Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation, 1998 annual report.
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Anders, Paul
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity in cerium, tellurium (1.82). (open access)

Coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity in cerium, tellurium (1.82).

CeTe1 .82 crystallizes in layered tetragonal Cu2Sb-type structure. At ambient pressure, the presence of the charge density wave (CDW) gap accompanying with a lattice distortion in the Te sheet is verified by electron-tunneling spectroscopy measurement. We measured the electrical resistivity on a CeTe1 .82 single crystal as a function of temperature and magnetic field (i // ab-plain, H// c-axis) performed under hydrostatic pressure up to 9 kbar using the 20 T superconduting magnet at the Pulse Field Facility, NHMFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory . Some of the results are shown in Fig.l, which represent the low temperature dependence of the normalized resistance under applied pressure of 5 kbar, the superconducting transition is observed at TC = 2 .7K (well below the magnetic ordering temperatures, the Neel temperature TN = 4 .8K and the shortrange ferromagnetic temperature TSRF = 6K in 5 kbar). This (SC) transition temperature is the highest among f-electron systems . The application of magnetic field suppresses the resistivity drop as expected for a supeconducting transition . The coexisting magnetic structure of a mixed ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism can provide a clue for this remarkably high Tsc.
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Asmadi, A. M.; Jung, M. (Myung-Hwa); Kim, H. C. (Hyoung-Chan); Kamarad, J.; Lacerda, A. H. (Alex H.); Takabatake, T. (Toshiro) et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cold War Context Statement: Sandia National Laboratories, California Site (open access)

Cold War Context Statement: Sandia National Laboratories, California Site

This document was prepared to support the Department of Energy's compliance with Sections 106 and 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act. It provides an overview of the historic context in which Sandia National Laboratories/California was created and developed. Establishing such a context allows for a reasonable and reasoned historical assessment of Sandia National Laboratories/California properties. The Cold War arms race provides the primary historical context for the SNL/CA built environment.
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Ullrich, Rebecca A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Colloid facilitated transport in fractured rocks : parameter estimation and comparison with experimental data. (open access)

Colloid facilitated transport in fractured rocks : parameter estimation and comparison with experimental data.

Colloid-facilitated migration of plutonium in fractured rock has been implicated in both field and laboratory studies . Other reactive radionuclides may also experience enhanced mobility due to groundwater colloids. Model prediction of this process is necessary for assessment of contaminant boundaries in systems for which radionuclides are already in the groundwater and for performance assessment of potential repositories for radioactive waste. Therefore, a reactive transport model is developed and parameterized using results from controlled laboratory fracture column experiments. Silica, montmorillonite and clinoptilolite colloids are used in the experiments along with plutonium and Tritium . . The goal of the numerical model is to identify and parameterize the physical and chemical processes that affect the colloid-facilitated transport of plutonium in the fractures. The parameters used in this model are similar in form to those that might be used in a field-scale transport model.
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Viswanathan, H. S. (Hari Selvi); Wolfsberg, A. V. (Andrew V.); Reimus, P. W. (Paul William); Ware, S. D. (Stuart D.) & Lu, G. (Guoping)
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Colony Courier-Leader (The Colony, Tex.), Vol. 21, No. 47, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 1, 2003 (open access)

The Colony Courier-Leader (The Colony, Tex.), Vol. 21, No. 47, Ed. 1 Wednesday, January 1, 2003

Weekly newspaper from The Colony, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Shafer, Leah
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
A compact layout for a 50 GeV proton radiography facility (open access)

A compact layout for a 50 GeV proton radiography facility

We describe a new compact layout for a 50 GeV proton radiography facility. The more compact design utilizes two-point extraction from the main ring to drive an optimal 8 view imaging system. The lattice design of both the main ring, and of the corresponding 8.5 GeV booster ring is described. The rings have very good longitudinal stability, which is of interest for other applications of high current proton machines in this energy range.
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Neri, F. (Filippo); Mottershead, C. T.; Blind, B. (Barbara); Jason, A. J. (Andrew J.); Walstrom, P. L. (Peter L.); Schulze, M. E. (Martin E.) et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of Avian Responses to UV-Light-Reflective Paint on Wind Turbines: Subcontract Report, July 1999--December 2000 (open access)

Comparison of Avian Responses to UV-Light-Reflective Paint on Wind Turbines: Subcontract Report, July 1999--December 2000

To reduce the numbers of avian collisions with wind turbines, several measures have been employed with various levels of success. One hypothesis is that painting turbine blades to increase their visibility may reduce avian fatalities. This study examined the effects of painting wind turbine blades with UV-reflective paint on bird use and mortality at the Foote Creek Rim Wind Plant in Carbon County, Wyoming.
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Young, D. P., Jr.; Erickson, W. P.; Strickland, M. D.; Good, R. E. & Sernka, K. J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A comparison of the design of Russian and US containers for plutonium oxide storage. (open access)

A comparison of the design of Russian and US containers for plutonium oxide storage.

The safe storage of plutonium in the form of plutonium oxide (Pu02) is a major concern in countries with significant plutonium inventories . The goal is to stabilize and package oxide in such a way that the possibility of leaks and failures are unlikely. Currently in Russia, Pu02 is stored 1 at the Mining and Chemical Combine (MCC, Zheleznogorsk) and at the Siberian Chemical Combine (SCC, former Tomsk-7). (Plutonium metal is stored at PA 'Mayak' and is not addressed here) . Current storage containers for Russian Pu02 do not meet modern safety requirements . Further, every three years the gaskets have to be replaced . The containers can become over pressurized due to radiation processes and this results in possible container failures 1 . In the US, Pu02 is present at several Department of Energy (DOE) sites 2 . US reports of long time storage of Pu02 show a few cases of storage container failures 2 among thousand of intact cases. Major causes of malfunction are metal oxidation in non-airtight packages and gas pressurization from inadequately stabilized oxide . Because of these failures the US DOE adopted a standard 3 for stabilization, packaging and storage of plutonium-bearing material that addresses …
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Mason, C. F. V. (Caroline F. V.); Zygmunt, Stanley J.; Wedman, Douglas E.; Eller, P. G. (Phillip Gary); Erickson, R. M. (Randall M.); Hansen, W. J. (Walter J.) et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of Two Wire Chamber Track Reconstruction Algorithms Used in Hall A at Jefferson Lab (open access)

Comparison of Two Wire Chamber Track Reconstruction Algorithms Used in Hall A at Jefferson Lab

The Hall A collaboration at Jefferson Lab is currently in the process of redesigning and rewriting its physics analysis software in C++, using the ROOT libraries developed at CERN, to replace the Fortran-based ESPACE analyzer. In this paper, we carry out a detailed comparison of the wire chamber tracking results of both software packages. To this end, reconstruction of target quantities from detected tracks through the Vertical Drift Chambers (VDCs) in both spectrometer arms has been recently added to the C++ analyzer, to bring it to the same level as ESPACE. A study of the differences in the outputs of both analysis programs shows that while the output of the C++ analyzer is suitable for calibrations and studies that do not require high resolution, there are still many subtle differences that need to be resolved before it is ready for a productionquality release. The problems are most likely due to different cluster matching and track fitting algorithms used by both programs for tracks through the VDCs, as well as certain corrections missing from the C++ code. These problems and some possible solutions are discussed.
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Dobbs, Sean & Hansen, J.O.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Complete equation of state for [beta]-HMX and implications for initiation (open access)

Complete equation of state for [beta]-HMX and implications for initiation

A thermodynamically consistent equation of state for {beta}-HMX, the stable ambient polymorph of HMX, is developed that fits isothermal compression data and the temperature dependence of the specific heat computed from molecular dynamics. The equation of state is used to assess hot-spot conditions that would result from hydrodynamic pore collapse in a shock-to-detonation transition. The hot-spot temperature is determined as a function of shock strength by solving two Riemann problems in sequence: first for the velocity and density of the jet formed when the shock overtakes the pore, and second for the stagnation state when the jet impacts the far side of the pore. For a shock pressure below 5 GPa, the stagnation temperature from the jet is below the melt temperature at ambient pressure and hence insufficient for rapid reaction. Consequently for weak shocks a dissipation mechanism in addition to shock heating is needed to generate hot spots. When the stagnation temperature is sufficiently high for rapid reaction, the shock emanating from the hot spot is computed, assuming aconstant volume burn. For initial shocks below 20 GPa, the temperature behind the second shock is below 1000K and would not propagate a detonation wave. This analysis, based solely on the …
Date: January 1, 2003
Creator: Sewell, T. D. (Thomas D.) & Menikoff, Ralph
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library