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2nd Annual Los Alamos Plutonium Metal Standard Exchange Workshop : "preliminary" results
The Rocky Flats Plutonium (Pu) Metal Sample Exchange program was conducted to insure the quality and intercomparability of measurements such as Pu assay, Pu isotopics, and impurity analyses. This program was discontinued in 1989 after more than 30 years. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has reestablished the Pu metal exchange program. During the first year, five DOE facilities, Argonne East, Argonne West, Livermore, Los Alamos, and New Brunswick Laboratory, Savannah River and the Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE)' at Aldermaston are participating in the program. Plutonium metal samples are being prepared and distributed to the various sites primarily for destructive measurements for elemental concentration, isotopic abundance, and both metallic and nonmetallic impurity levels. The program is intended to provide independent verification of analytical measurement capability for each participating facility and to allow problems to be identified. Significants achievements in FY02 will be described. Results from category 1 elements and comparisons with Rocky Flats standards exchange metal historical data will also be presented. The roles and responsibilities of LANL and the external laboratories have been defined.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Tandon, L. (Lav) & Slemmons, A. K. (Alice K.)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
3D analysis of bainite morphologies and kinetics in alloy steels
Serial sectioning and 3D reconstruction of austenite decomposition products were undertaken in bay-forming ternary steels to better understand their true morphologies in the bay region of their TTT diagrams. Jagged growth interfaces are revealed in allotriomorphic bainite formed at the bay in Fe-0.24C-4M0, contrasting with the idealized geometries often assumed when formulating growth models. This also has implications for experimental thickening kinetics measurments. Examination of the so-called 'degenerate' ferrite formed below the bay in Fe-Ox-6.3 W reveals that it is not degenerate at all, but rather has a Widmanstatten rod morphology which gives the appearance of degeneracy due to the multiplicity of ways that they can intersect a randomly-oriented plane of polish. Furthermore, these rods are grouped in packets posessing a common elongation direction, highlighting the crystallographic nature of their formation. The impact of these findings on the understanding of austenite decomposition in bayforming steels will be discussed.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Hackenberg, R. E. (Robert E.); Nordstrom, D. P. (Dale P.) & Shiflet, G. J. (Gary J.)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
AC losses in prototype multistrand conductors for warm dielectric cable designs
We report on multiphase ac losses in four-layer prototype multi-strand conductors (PMCs) wound from EITS tape provided by American Superconductor Corporation. These conductors are prototypes warm dielectric cable designs, such as for the US Dept. of Energy's Superconductivity Partnership Initiative Project at Detroit Edison, We report on single phase 'two phaset'(no current in Ihe PMC but with an external ac magnetic field generated by the two normal Conductors arranged at the remaining corners of an equilateral triangle forming a three-phase configuration) ,and balanced three phase losses. Losses were also measured using a set of saddle coils to apply an ac magnetic field to the PMC. The losses were measured as a function of temperature, frequency, and current. We compare the losses for three PMCs, one (4LA) wound conventionally with equal pitch angles for all layers and the two others (4LB and 4LC) wound to achieve equal current distribution (UCD) among the layers, and thus lower singlephase losses in the operating region. In addition, 4LC was wound with a newer gcneration tape having a higher critical current. The PMC 4LC was found to have the lowest single, twophase, and three-phase losses.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Willis, Jeffrey O.; Maley, Martin P.; Boening, Henirch J.; Coletta, Giacomo; Mele, Renata & Nassi, Marco
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acceleration schedules for a recirculating heavy-ion accelerator
Recent advances in solid-state switches have made it feasible to design programmable, high-repetition-rate pulsers for induction accelerators. These switches could lower the cost of recirculating induction accelerators, such as the ''small recirculator'' at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), by substantially reducing the number of induction modules. Numerical work is reported here to determine what effects the use of fewer pulsers at higher voltage would have on the beam quality of the LLNL small recirculator. Lattices with different numbers of pulsers are examined using the fluid/envelope code CIRCE, and several schedules for acceleration and compression are compared for each configuration. For selected schedules, the phase-space dynamics is also studied using the particle-in-cell code WARP3d.
Date:
May 1, 2002
Creator:
Sharp, W. M. & Grote, D. P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accuracy of flow hoods in residential applications
To assess whether houses can meet performance expectations, the new practice of residential commissioning will likely use flow hoods to measure supply and return grille airflows in HVAC systems. Depending on hood accuracy, these measurements can be used to determine if individual rooms receive adequate airflow for heating and cooling, to determine flow imbalances between different building spaces, to estimate total air handler flow and supply/return imbalances, and to assess duct air leakage. This paper discusses these flow hood applications and the accuracy requirements in each case. Laboratory tests of several residential flow hoods showed that these hoods can be inadequate to measure flows in residential systems. Potential errors are about 20% to 30% of measured flow, due to poor calibrations, sensitivity to grille flow non-uniformities, and flow changes from added flow resistance. Active flow hoods equipped with measurement devices that are insensitive to grille airflow patterns have an order of magnitude less error, and are more reliable and consistent in most cases. Our tests also show that current calibration procedures for flow hoods do not account for field application problems. As a result, a new standard for flow hood calibration needs to be developed, along with a new measurement …
Date:
May 1, 2002
Creator:
Wray, Craig P.; Walker, Iain S. & Sherman, Max H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accurate quantification of radioactive materials by x-ray fluorescence : gallium in plutonium metal /.
Two XRF specimen preparation methods were investigated for quantifying gallium in plutonium metal. Gallium in plutonium was chosen here as an example for demonstrating the efficacy of wavelength dispersive XRF for quantifying radioactive materials. The steps necessary to handle such materials safely will also be discussed. Quantification of plutonium samples by a well-established aqueous specimen preparation method resulted in relative precision and accuracy values of well less than 1%. As an alternative to the aqueous approach, a dried residue method was studied. Quantification of gallium in samples using this method resulted in relative precision and accuracy values an order of magnitude worse, but the method is faster, safer, and generates less waste than the aqueous process. The specimen preparation details and analysis results using each method will be presented here.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Worley, C. G. (Christopher G.)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Achieve Steam System Excellence
This fact sheet describes OIT BestPractices Steam program's systems approach to help companies operate and maintain their industrial steam plants and thermal manufacturing processes more efficiently.
Date:
December 1, 2002
Creator:
United States. Department of Energy. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Office of Industrial Technologies.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acoustic Wave Equations for a Linear Viscous Fluid and An Ideal Fluid
The mathematical description of acoustic wave propagation within a time- and space-varying, and moving, linear viscous fluid is formulated as a system of coupled linear equations. This system is rigorously developed from fundamental principles of continuum mechanics (conservation of mass, balance of linear and angular momentum, balance of entropy) and various constitutive relations (for stress, entropy production, and entropy conduction) by linearizing all expressions with respect to the small-amplitude acoustic wavefield variables. A significant simplification arises if the fluid medium is neither viscous nor heat conducting (i.e., an ideal fluid). In this case the mathematical system can be reduced to a set of five, coupled, first-order partial differential equations. Coefficients in the systems depend on various mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the ambient medium that supports acoustic wave propagation. These material properties cannot all be arbitrarily specified, but must satisfy another system of nonlinear expressions characterizing the dynamic behavior of the background medium. Dramatic simplifications in both systems occur if the ambient medium is simultaneously adiabatic and stationary.
Date:
July 1, 2002
Creator:
ALDRIDGE, DAVID F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acronyms, Initialisms, and Abbreviations
This document contains an updated list of common acronyms, initialisms, and abbreviations used at Sandia. It will be published in an electronic format only. It can be retrieved from HTTPS://wfsprod01.sandia.gov/groups/srn-uscitizens/documents/document/wfs048643.pdf.
Date:
July 1, 2002
Creator:
JOHNSON, DEBRA M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Active load management with advanced window wall systems: Research and industry perspectives
None
Date:
June 1, 2002
Creator:
Lee, Eleanor S.; Selkowitz, Stephen E.; Levi, Mark S.; Blanc, Steven L.; McConahey, Erin; McClintock, Maurya et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Active load management with advanced window wall systems: Research and industry perspectives
Advanced window wall systems have the potential to provide demand response by reducing peak electric loads by 20-30% in many commercial buildings through the active control of motorized shading systems, switchable window coatings, operable windows, and ventilated double-skin facade systems. These window strategies involve balancing daylighting and solar heat gains, heat rejection through ventilation, and night-time natural ventilation to achieve space-conditioning and lighting energy use reductions without the negative impacts on occupants associated with other demand responsive (DR) strategies. This paper explores conceptually how advanced window systems fit into the context of active load management programs, which cause customers to directly experience the time-varying costs of their consumption decisions. Technological options are suggested. We present pragmatic criteria that building owners use to determine whether to deploy such strategies. A utility's perspective is given. Industry also provides their perspectives on where the technology is today and what needs to happen to implement such strategies more broadly in the US. While there is significant potential for these advanced window concepts, widespread deployment is unlikely to occur with business-as-usual practice. Technologically, integrated window-lighting-HVAC products are underdeveloped. Implementation is hindered by fragmented labor practices, non-standard communication protocols, and lack of technical expertise. Design tools …
Date:
June 1, 2002
Creator:
Lee, Eleanor S.; Selkowitz, Stephen E.; Levi, Mark S.; Blanc, Steven L.; McConahey, Erin; McClintock, Maurya et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Active probing of cloud multiple scattering, optical depth, vertical thickness, and liquid water content using wide-angle imaging LIDAR.
At most optical wavelengths, laser light in a cloud lidar experiment is not absorbed but merely scattered out of the beam, eventually escaping the cloud via multiple scattering. There is much information available in this light scattered far from the input beam, information ignored by traditional 'on-beam' lidar. Monitoring these off-beam returns in a fully space- and time-resolved manner is the essence of our unique instrument, Wide Angle Imaging Lidar (WAIL). In effect, WAIL produces wide-field (60-degree full-angle) 'movies' of the scattering process and records the cloud's radiative Green functions. A direct data product of WAIL is the distribution of photon path lengths resulting from multiple scattering in the cloud. Following insights from diffusion theory, we can use the measured Green functions to infer the physical thickness and optical depth of the cloud layer, and, from there, estimate the volume-averaged liquid water content. WAIL is notable in that it is applicable to optically thick clouds, a regime in which traditional lidar is reduced to ceilometry. Here we present recent WAIL data oti various clouds and discuss the extension of WAIL to full diurnal monitoring by means of an ultra-narrow magneto-optic atomic line filter for daytime measurements.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Love, Steven P.; Davis, A. B. (Anthony B.); Rohde, C. A. (Charles A.); Tellier, L. L. (Larry L.) & Ho, Cheng,
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Active probing of cloud thickness and optical depth using wide-angle imaging LIDAR.
At most optical wavelengths, laser light in a cloud lidar experiment is not absorbed but merely scattered out of the beam, eventually escaping the cloud via multiple scattering. There is much information available in this light scattered far from the input beam, information ignored by traditional 'on-beam' lidar. Monitoring these off-beam returns in a fully space- and time-resolved manner is the essence of our unique instrument, Wide Angle Imaging Lidar (WAIL). In effect, WAIL produces wide-field (60{sup o} full-angle) 'movies' of the scattering process and records the cloud's radiative Green functions. A direct data product of WAIL is the distribution of photon path lengths resulting from multiple scattering in the cloud. Following insights from diffusion theory, we can use the measured Green functions to infer the physical thickness and optical depth of the cloud layer. WAIL is notable in that it is applicable to optically thick clouds, a regime in which traditional lidar is reduced to ceilometry. Section 2 covers the up-to-date evolution of the nighttime WAIL instrument at LANL. Section 3 reports our progress towards daytime capability for WAIL, an important extension to full diurnal cycle monitoring by means of an ultra-narrow magneto-optic atomic line filter. Section 4 describes …
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Love, Steven P.; Davis, A. B. (Anthony B.); Rohde, C. A. (Charles A.); Tellier, L. L. (Larry L.) & Ho, Cheng,
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Active system area networks for data intensive computations. Final report
The goal of the Active System Area Networks (ASAN) project is to develop hardware and software technologies for the implementation of active system area networks (ASANs). The use of the term ''active'' refers to the ability of the network interfaces to perform application-specific as well as system level computations in addition to their traditional role of data transfer. This project adopts the view that the network infrastructure should be an active computational entity capable of supporting certain classes of computations that would otherwise be performed on the host CPUs. The result is a unique network-wide programming model where computations are dynamically placed within the host CPUs or the NIs depending upon the quality of service demands and network/CPU resource availability. The projects seeks to demonstrate that such an approach is a better match for data intensive network-based applications and that the advent of low-cost powerful embedded processors and configurable hardware makes such an approach economically viable and desirable.
Date:
April 1, 2002
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Active vibration damping in the presence of uncertainties.
Several control design techniques including PlD, LQG, and PPF are investigated For adive vibration damping of a cantilever beam with uncertain boundary conditions. Step disturbances were used to evaluate the performance of the designed controllers.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Farrar, C. R. (Charles R.); Eisenhour, T. A. (Travis A.); Hatchett, S. (Sam) & Salazar, I. (Isaac)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acts -- A collection of high performing software tools for scientific computing
During the past decades there has been a continuous growth in the number of physical and societal problems that have been successfully studied and solved by means of computational modeling and simulation. Further, many new discoveries depend on high performance computer simulations to satisfy their demands for large computational resources and short response time. The Advanced CompuTational Software (ACTS) Collection brings together a number of general-purpose computational tool development projects funded and supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). These tools make it easier for scientific code developers to write high performance applications for parallel computers. They tackle a number of computational issues that are common to a large number of scientific applications, mainly implementation of numerical algorithms, and support for code development, execution and optimization. The ACTS collection promotes code portability, reusability, reduction of duplicate efforts, and tool maturity. This paper presents a brief introduction to the functionality available in ACTS. It also highlight the tools that are in demand by Climate and Weather modelers.
Date:
November 1, 2002
Creator:
Drummond, L. A. & Marques, O. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive Blade Concept Assessment: Curved Platform Induced Twist Investigation
None
Date:
October 1, 2002
Creator:
ZUTECK, MICHAEL
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive control in optical fibers
Adpative control in combination with ultrafast pulse shaping provides a compelling approach to defeat dispersion, distortion and harness nonlinear phenomena on the femtosecond timescale. Ultrafast pulses propagating in optical fibers generate a number of linear and nonlinear effects which affect the pulse during its travel. The main causes stem from the dependence of the index of refraction on frequency (given that short pulses have a large bandwidth) and from the so-called self-action effects which involve the dependence of the index of refraction on the pulse intensity (which is high given that the pulse energy is confined to a very short amount of time).
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Omenetto, F. G. (Fiorenzo G.)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive dimension reduction for clustering high dimensional data
It is well-known that for high dimensional data clustering, standard algorithms such as EM and the K-means are often trapped in local minimum. many initialization methods were proposed to tackle this problem, but with only limited success. In this paper they propose a new approach to resolve this problem by repeated dimension reductions such that K-means or EM are performed only in very low dimensions. Cluster membership is utilized as a bridge between the reduced dimensional sub-space and the original space, providing flexibility and ease of implementation. Clustering analysis performed on highly overlapped Gaussians, DNA gene expression profiles and internet newsgroups demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Date:
October 1, 2002
Creator:
Ding, Chris; He, Xiaofeng; Zha, Hongyuan & Simon, Horst
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive Full-Spectrum Solar Energy Systems Cross-Cutting R&D on Adaptive Full-Spectrum Solar Energy Systems for More Efficient and Affordable Use of Solar Energy in Buildings and Hybrid Photobioreactors
This RD&D project is a three year team effort to develop a hybrid solar lighting (HSL) system that transports day light from a paraboloidal dish concentrator to a luminaire via a large core polymer fiber optic. The luminaire can be a device to distribute sunlight into a space for the production of algae or it can be a device that is a combination of day lighting and fluorescent lighting for office lighting. In this project, the sunlight is collected using a one-meter paraboloidal concentrator dish with two-axis tracking. The secondary mirror consists of eight planar-segmented mirrors that direct the visible part of the spectrum to eight fibers (receiver) and subsequently to eight luminaires. This results in about 8,200 lumens incident at each fiber tip. Each fiber can illuminate about 16.7 m{sup 2} (180 ft{sup 2}) of office space. The IR spectrum is directed to a thermophotovoltaic array to produce electricity. This report describes eleven investigations on various aspects of the system. Taken as a whole, they confirm the technical feasibility of this technology.
Date:
September 1, 2002
Creator:
Wood, Byard D. & Muhs, Jeff D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive Management Platform for Natural Resources in the Columbia River Basin
Adaptive management is a systematic and rigorous scientifically defensible program of learning from the outcomes of management actions, accommodating change, and improving management. The critical requirements and toolboxes of an information management framework, referred to as the Adaptive Management Platform (AMP), to realize the goal of adaptive management are described. The AMP design that connects various modules to ensure that the decision-making needs are met. The modules are data management, visualization tools, optimization algorithms, and models of Columbia Basin physical and biological processes. When fully developed, AMP will enable subbasin planners and responsible entities throughout the Basin to collectively and continuously integrate data and decisions, assess cumulative trends and outcomes over time, and demonstrate discipline and accountability. AMP would function at the basin, ecoprovince, as well as the subbasin scale. AMP would assist in ensuring that uncertainties from individual modules and analytical integration are properly presented to decision makers.
Date:
May 1, 2002
Creator:
Vail, Lance W. & Skaggs, Richard
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive Response Against Spontaneous Neoplastic Transformation In Vitro Induced by Ionizing Radiation
response curve for radiation-induced neoplastic transformation of HeLa x skin fibroblast human hybrid cells in vitro under experimental conditions where an adaptive response, if it were induced, would have an opportunity to be expressed. During the first two years of the grant an exhaustive series of experiments were performed and the resulting data were reported at the 2000 Annual Meeting of the Radiation Research Society and then subsequently published (Redpath et al., 2001). The data showed that an adaptive response against spontaneous neoplastic transformation was seen up to doses of 10cGy of Cs-137 gamma rays. At dose of 30, 50 and 100 cGy the transformation frequencies were above background. This indicated that for this system, under the specific experimental conditions used, there was a threshold of somewhere between 10 and 30 cGy. The results also indicated some unexpected, though very interesting, correlations with relative risk estimates made from human epidemiologic studies (for details see the Redpath et al., 2001 ).
Date:
June 1, 2002
Creator:
Redpath, J. Leslie
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive Restoration of Airborne Daedalus AADS1268 ATM Thermal Data
To incorporate the georegistration and restoration processes into airborne data processing in support of U.S. Department of Energy's nuclear emergency response task, we developed an adaptive restoration filter for airborne Daedalus AADS1268 ATM thermal data based on the Wiener filtering theory. Preliminary assessment shows that this filter enhances the detectability of small weak thermal anomalies in AADS1268 thermal images.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Yuan, D.; Doak, E.; Guss, P. & Will, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Additional Steam Traps Increase Production of a Drum Oven at a Petroleum Jelly Plant
Additional steam traps were installed on the drum oven at a petroleum jelly production facility at an ExxonMobil plant in Nigeria. The installation improved heat transfer and saved energy.
Date:
March 1, 2002
Creator:
United States. Department of Energy. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Office of Industrial Technologies.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library