This reports on earthquakes recorded in the Hanford Seismic Network during Fiscal Year 2005.

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's Infrared Sensors team is focused on developing methods for standoff detection of nuclear proliferation. In FY05, PNNL continued the development of the FM DIAL (frequency-modulated differential absorption LIDAR) experiment. Additional improvements to the FM DIAL trailer provided greater stability during field campaigns which made it easier to explore new locations for field campaigns. In addition to the Hanford Townsite, successful experiments were conducted at the Marine Science Laboratory in Sequim, WA and the Nevada Test Site located outside Las Vegas, NV. The range of chemicals that can be detected by FM DIAL has also increased. Prior to FY05, distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers (DFB-QCL) were used in the FM DIAL experiments. With these lasers, only simple chemicals with narrow (1-2 cm-1) absorption spectra, such as CO2 and N2O, could be detected. Fabry-Perot (FP) QC lasers have much broader spectra (20-40 cm-1) which allows for the detection of larger chemicals and a wider array of chemicals that can be detected. A FP-QCL has been characterized and used during initial studies detecting DMMP (dimethyl methylphosphonate).

During FY05 PNNL continued to improve and field test its Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) Cavity Ringdown Spectrometer (CRDS). Major accomplishments include a significant reduction in size and weight of the instrument ({approx} 50% reduction), and participation in two field campaigns. The first of these two field tests was conducted at DOE's Hanford site during the month of May which involved the release of ammonia. The second test was conducted at the Nevada Test Site during the Shrike Tests in July. During both of these tests the instrument performed as expected and was able to continuously sample the air and monitor the concentration of ammonia at a data rate of 1 absolute concentration point per second with a limit of detection (LOD) of approximately 500 ppbv. During the Shrike Tests the SWIR-CRDS instrument ran continuously in the desert environment for 4 days without the need for adjustment. In an attempt to increase the ultimate utility of Cavity Enhanced Sensing (CES) for monitoring more unique proliferation signatures, testing of a new broad-band CES approach was initiated. This was the final test of this instrument, no further development or fielding of this instrument has been funded.