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Environmental Sampling FY01 Annual Report - Understanding the Movement of Mercury in the Environmental Surrounding the INEEL
Environmental fate and transport of the toxic air pollutant mercury (Hg) is currently a high-priority regional concern for the INEEL, and national and global concern for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). At the INEEL’s Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC), significant quantities (est. 40 kg/year) of Hg may have been released over 37 years of Environmental Management’s (EM) High-Level Waste (HLW) treatment operations. The EPA is very concerned about the continued global buildup of Hg in the atmosphere and aquatic ecosystems, and has recently invested heavily in Hg research to better understand its complex environmental cycling.1,2 The Environmental Sampling work began in FY99 as a joint INEEL/U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) field research effort to (a) better understand the fate and potential impacts of Hg emissions from the INEEL’s HLW treatment operations (operational component) and (b) contribute at a national level to the scientific understanding of local, regional, and global Hg fate and transport (research component). The USGS contributed snow sampling support in the field (Water Resources Division, Salt Lake City) and laboratory analysis of all samples (Wisconsin District Mercury Research Laboratory).
Date:
September 1, 2001
Creator:
Abbott, Michael Lehman
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Trace Elements and Common Ions in Southeastern Idaho Snow: Regional Air Pollutant Tracers for Source Area Emissions
Snow samples were collected in southeastern Idaho over two winters to assess trace elements and common ions concentrations in air pollutant fallout across the region. The objectives were to: 1) develop sampling and analysis techniques that would produce accurate measurements of a broad suite of elements and ions in snow, 2) identify the major elements in regional fallout and their spatial and temporal trends, 3) determine if there are unique combinations of elements that are characteristic to the major source areas in the region (source profiles), and 4) use pattern recognition and multivariate statistical techniques (principal component analysis and classical least squares regression) to investigate source apportionment of the fallout to the major source areas. In the winter of 2000-2001, 250 snow samples were collected across the region over a 4-month period and analyzed in triplicate using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ion chromatography (IC). Thirty-nine (39) trace elements and 9 common ions were positively identified in most samples. The data were analyzed using pattern recognition tools in the software, Pirouette® (Infometrix, Inc.). These results showed a large crustal component (Al, Zn, Mn, Ba, and rare earth elements), an overwhelming contribution from phosphate processing facilities located outside Pocatello in …
Date:
September 1, 2002
Creator:
Abbott, Michael Lehman; Einerson, Jeffrey James; Schuster, Paul & Susong, David D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design and Implementation of the New D0 Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger
Increasing luminosity at the Fermilab Tevatron collider has led the D0 collaboration to make improvements to its detector beyond those already in place for Run IIa, which began in March 2001. One of the cornerstones of this Run IIb upgrade is a completely redesigned level-1 calorimeter trigger system. The new system employs novel architecture and algorithms to retain high efficiency for interesting events while substantially increasing rejection of background. We describe the design and implementation of the new level-1 calorimeter trigger hardware and discuss its performance during Run IIb data taking. In addition to strengthening the physics capabilities of D0, this trigger system will provide valuable insight into the operation of analogous devices to be used at LHC experiments.
Date:
September 1, 2007
Creator:
Abolins, M.; Adams, M.; Adams, T.; Aguilo, E.; Anderson, J.; Bagby, L. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Thermal Control Enabling Cost Reduction for Automotive Power Electronics
Describes NREL's work on next-generation vehicle cooling technologies (jets, sprays, microchannels) and novel packaging topologies to reduce costs and increase performance and reliability.
Date:
September 1, 2008
Creator:
Abraham, T.; Kelly, K.; Bennion, K. & Vlahinos, A.
Object Type:
Presentation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement and simulation of the RHIC abort kicker longitudinal impedence
In face of the new upgrades for RHIC the longitudinal impedance of the machine plays an important role in setting the threshold for instabilities and the efficacy of some systems. In this paper we describe the measurement of the longitudinal impedance of the abort kicker for RHIC as well as computer simulations of the structure. The impedance measurement was done by the S{sub 21} wire method covering the frequency range from 9 kHz to 2.5 GHz. We observed a sharp resonance peak around 10 MHz and a broader peak around 20 MHz in both, the real and imaginary part, of the Z/n. These two peaks account for a maximum imaginary longitudinal impedance of j15 {Omega}, a value an order of magnitude larger than the estimated value of j0.2 {Omega}, which indicates that the kicker is one of the main sources of longitudinal impedance in the machine. A computer model was constructed for simulations in the CST MWS program. Results for the magnet input and the also the beam impedance are compared to the measurements. A more detail study of the system properties and possible changes to reduce the coupling impedance are presented.
Date:
September 1, 2009
Creator:
Abreu, N. P.; Hahn, H. & Choi, E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of the Lambda0(b) Lifetime in Lambda0(b) ---> J/psi Lambda0 in p anti-p Collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96-TeV
The authors report a measurement of the {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} lifetime in the exclusive decay {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} J/{psi}{Lambda}{sup 0} in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb{sup -1} of data collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. Using fully reconstructed decays, they measure {tau}({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}) = 1.593{sub -0.078}{sup +0.083}(stat.) {+-} 0.033(syst.) ps. This is the single most precise measurement of {tau}({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}) and is 3.2 {sigma} higher than the current world average.
Date:
September 1, 2006
Creator:
Abulencia, A.; Adelman, J.; Affolder, T.; Akimoto, T.; Albrow, M.G.; Ambrose, D. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Search for V + A current in top quark decay in p anti-p collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96 TeV
The authors report an upper limit on the fraction of V + A current, f{sub V+A}, in top quark decays, using approximately 700 pb{sup -1} of p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV acquired by the upgraded Collider Detector at Fermilab. For the decay t {yields} Wb {yields} {ell}{nu}b (where {ell} = e or {mu}), the invariant mass of the charged lepton and the bottom quark jet is sensitive to the polarization of the W boson. They determine f{sub V+A} = -0.06 {+-} 0.25 given a top quark mass of 175 GeV/c{sup 2}. They set an upper limit on f{sub V+A} of 0.29 at the 95% confidence level, which represents an improvement by a factor of two on the previous best direct limit.
Date:
September 1, 2006
Creator:
Abulencia, A.; Adelman, J.; Affolder, T.; Akimoto, T.; Albrow, M.G.; Ambrose, D. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Observation of B0(s) - anti-B0(s) Oscillations
The authors report the observation of B{sub s}{sup 0}-{bar B}{sub s}{sup 0} oscillations from a time-dependent measurement of the B{sub s}{sup 0}-{bar B}{sub s}{sup 0} oscillation frequency {Delta}m{sub s}. Using a data sample of 1 fb{sup -1} of p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron, they find signals of 5600 fully reconstructed hadronic B{sub s} decays, 3100 partially reconstructed hadronic B{sub s} decays, and 61,500 partially reconstructed semileptonic B{sub s} decays. They measure the probability as a function of proper decay time that the B{sub s} decays with the same, or opposite, flavor as the flavor at production, and they find a signal for B{sub s}{sup 0}-{bar B}{sub s}{sup 0} oscillations. The probability that random fluctuations could produce a comparable signal is 8 x 10{sup -8}, which exceeds 5{sigma} significance. They measure {Delta}m{sub s} = 17.77 {+-} 0.10(stat) {+-} 0.07(syst) ps{sup -1} and extract |V{sub td}/V{sub ts}| = 0.2050 {+-} 0.0007(exp{sub -0.0060}{sup +0.0081})(theor).
Date:
September 1, 2006
Creator:
Abulencia, A.; Adelman, Jahred A.; Affolder, T.; Akimoto, T.; Albrow, M.G.; Ambrose, D. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The CDF II eXtremely fast tracker upgrade
The CDF II Extremely Fast Tracker is the trigger track processor which reconstructs charged particle tracks in the transverse plane of the CDF II central outer tracking chamber. The system is now being upgraded to perform a three dimensional track reconstruction. A review of the upgrade is presented here.
Date:
September 1, 2006
Creator:
Abulencia, A.; Azzurri, P.; Cochran, E.; Dittmann, J.; Donati, S.; Efron, J. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant Biological Monitoring and Abatement Program Plan
The revised Biological Monitoring and Abatement Program (BMAP) for East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, as described, will be conducted as required by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit issued for the Y-12 Plant on April 28, 1995 and became effective July 1, 1995. The basic approach to biological monitoring used in this program was developed by the staff in the Environmental Science Division (ESD) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) at the request of the Y-12 Plant. The revision to the BMAP plan is based on results of biological monitoring conducted during the period of 1985 to present. Details of the specific procedures used in the current routine monitoring program are provided; experimental designs for future studies are described in less detail. The overall strategy used in developing this plan was, and continues to be, to use the results obtained from each task to define the scope of future monitoring efforts. Such efforts may require more intensive sampling than initially proposed in some areas (e.g., additional bioaccumulation monitoring if results indicate unexpectedly high PCBs or Hg) or a reduction in sampling intensity in others (e.g., reduction in the number of sampling sites …
Date:
September 1, 2000
Creator:
Adams, S. M.; Brandt, C. C.; Christensen, S. W.; Greeley, M. S. Jr.; Hill, W. R.; Peterson, M. J. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Observation of muon intensity variations by season with the MINOS far detector
The temperature of the upper atmosphere affects the height of primary cosmic ray interactions and the production of high-energy cosmic ray muons which can be detected deep underground. The MINOS far detector at Soudan MN, USA, has collected over 67 million cosmic ray induced muons. The underground muon rate measured over a period of five years exhibits a 4% peak-to-peak seasonal variation which is highly correlated with the temperature in the upper atmosphere. The coefficient, {alpha}{sub T}, relating changes in the muon rate to changes in atmospheric temperature was found to be: {alpha}{sub T} = 0.874 {+-} 0.009 (stat.) {+-} 0.010$ (syst.). Pions and kaons in the primary hadronic interactions of cosmic rays in the atmosphere contribute differently to {alpha}{sub T} due to the different masses and lifetimes. This allows the measured value of {alpha}{sub T} to be interpreted as a measurement of the K{pi} ratio for E{sub p}/unit[7](TeV) of $0.13 {+-} 0.08, consistent with the expectation from collider experiments.
Date:
September 1, 2009
Creator:
Adamson, P.; Andreopoulos, C.; Arms, K. E.; Armstrong, R.; Auty, D. J.; Ayres, D. S. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Search for muon-neutrino to electron-neutrino transitions in MINOS
This letter reports on a search for {nu}{sub {mu}} {yields} {nu}{sub e} transitions by the MINOS experiment based on a 3.14 x 10{sup 20} protons-on-target exposure in the Fermilab NuMI beam. We observe 35 events in the Far Detector with a background of 27 {+-} 5(stat.) {+-} 2(syst.) events predicted by the measurements in the Near Detector. If interpreted in terms of {nu}{sub {mu}} {yields} {nu}{sub e} oscillations, this 1.5 {sigma} excess of events is consistent with sin{sup 2}(2{theta}{sub 13}) comparable to the CHOOZ limit when |{Delta}m{sup 2}| = 2.43 x 10{sup -3} eV{sup 2} and sin{sup 2} (2{theta}{sub 23}) = 1.0 are assumed.
Date:
September 1, 2009
Creator:
Adamson, P.; Andreopoulos, C.; Arms, K. E.; Armstrong, R.; Auty, D. J.; Ayres, D. S. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
First Measurement of nu(mu) and nu(e) Events in an Off-Axis Horn-Focused Neutrino Beam
We report the first observation of off-axis neutrino interactions in the MiniBooNE detector from the NuMI beamline at Fermilab. The MiniBooNE detector is located 745 m from the NuMI production target, at 110 mrad angle 6.3 degrees with respect to the NuMI beam axis. Samples of charged current quasi-elastic {nu}{sub {mu}} and {nu}{sub e} interactions are analyzed and found to be in agreement with expectation. This provides a direct verification of the expected pion and kaon contributions to the neutrino flux and validates the modeling of the NuMI off-axis beam.
Date:
September 1, 2008
Creator:
Adamson, P.; Fermi Laboratory; Aguilar-Arevalo, A. A.; Anderson, C. E.; Yale University; Bazarko, A. O. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of Attrition Resistant Iron-Based Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts
The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) reaction provides a way of converting coal-derived synthesis gas (CO+H{sub 2}) to liquid fuels. Since the reaction is highly exothermic, one of the major problems in control of the reaction is heat removal. Recent work has shown that the use of slurry bubble column reactors (SBCRs) can largely solve this problem. The use of iron-based catalysts is attractive not only due to their low cost and ready availability, but also due to their high water-gas shift activity which makes it possible to use these catalysts with low H{sub 2}/CO ratios. However, a serious problem with use of Fe catalysts in a SBCR is their tendency to undergo attrition. This can cause fouling/plugging of downstream filters and equipment, makes the separation of catalyst from the oil/wax product very difficult if not impossible, and results in a steady loss of catalyst from the reactor. Recently, fundamental understanding of physical attrition is being addressed by incorporating suitable binders into the catalyst recipe. This has resulted in the preparation of a spray dried Fe-based catalyst having aps of 70 mm with high attrition resistance. This Fe-based attrition resistant, active and selective catalyst gave 95% CO conversion through 125 hours of testing …
Date:
September 1, 2001
Creator:
Adeyiga, Adeyinka A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of Attrition Resistant Iron-Based Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts Progress Report: Number 3
None
Date:
September 1, 2002
Creator:
Adeyiga, Adeyinka A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative AFC-1D, AFC-1G and AFC-1H End of FY-06 Irradiation Report
The U. S. Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) seeks to develop and demonstrate the technologies needed to transmute the long-lived transuranic actinide isotopes contained in spent nuclear fuel into shorter-lived fission products, thereby dramatically decreasing the volume of material requiring disposition and the long-term radiotoxity and heat load of high-level waste sent to a geologic repository. The AFC-1 irradiation experiments on transmutation fuels are expected to provide irradiation performance data on non-fertile and low-fertile fuel forms specifically, irradiation growth and swelling, helium production, fission gas release, fission product and fuel constituent migration, fuel phase equilibria, and fuel-cladding chemical interaction. Contained in this report are the to-date physics evaluations performed on three of the AFC-1 experiments; AFC-1D, AFC-1G and AFC-1H. The AFC-1D irradiation experiment consists of metallic non-fertile fuel compositions with minor actinides for potential use in accelerator driven systems and AFC-1G and AFC-1H irradiation experiments are part of the fast neutron reactor fuel development effort. The metallic fuel experiments and nitride experiment are high burnup analogs to previously irradiated experiments and are to be irradiated to = 40 at.% burnup and = 25 at.% burnup, respectively. Based on the results of the physics evaluations it has been determined that the …
Date:
September 1, 2006
Creator:
Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative AFC-1D, AFC-1G and
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hard Pion Electroproduction at Medium Energies
Even at moderate energy machines, there is a regime where hard pion electroproduction proceeds by a perturbatively calculable process. The process, they claim, is not the leading twist fragmentation one but rather a higher twist process that produces kinematically isolated pions. Semiexclusive data may teach us more about parton distribution functions of the target and the pion distribution amplitude. In addition, there is a connection to generalized parton distribution calculations of exclusive processes in that the perturbative kernel is the same. The subject of this report is semiexclusive photoproduction of hard pions, and the semiexclusive deep inelastic scattering version of the same, e + p {yields} e + {pi} + X, which we can also write as p(e,e{prime}{prime})X. The authors are interested in pions with large transverse momentum (that is what ''hard'' means), and particularly in pions that are kinematically isolated, rather than pions that are part of a jet. And further, they shall hope to isolate processes that can be calculated perturbatively using Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD).
Date:
September 1, 2002
Creator:
Afanasev, Andrei & Carlson, Carl E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S.- Thailand Free Trade Agreement Negotiations
This report examines Thailand’s economy and trade orientation, the scope and significance of the U.S.-Thai commercial relationship, and the likely top issues in the negotiations. The report concludes with a short summary of the Congressional role and interest in the FTA.
Date:
September 1, 2004
Creator:
Ahearn, Raymond J. & Morrison, Wayne M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Medical Sequencing at the extremes of Human Body Mass
Body weight is a quantitative trait with significantheritability in humans. To identify potential genetic contributors tothis phenotype, we resequenced the coding exons and splice junctions of58 genes in 379 obese and 378 lean individuals. Our 96Mb survey included21 genes associated with monogenic forms of obesity in humans or mice, aswell as 37 genes that function in body weight-related pathways. We foundthat the monogenic obesity-associated gene group was enriched for rarenonsynonymous variants unique to the obese (n=46) versus lean (n=26)populations. Computational analysis further predicted a significantlygreater fraction of deleterious variants within the obese cohort.Consistent with the complex inheritance of body weight, we did notobserve obvious familial segregation in the majority of the 28 availablekindreds. Taken together, these data suggest that multiple rare alleleswith variable penetrance contribute to obesity in the population andprovide a deep medical sequencing based approach to detectthem.
Date:
September 1, 2006
Creator:
Ahituv, Nadav; Kavaslar, Nihan; Schackwitz, Wendy; Ustaszewski,Anna; Martin, Joes; Hebert, Sybil et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fundamentals of Natural Gas and Species Flows from Hydrate Dissociation-Applications to Safety and Sea Floor Instability
Natural gas production from the dissociation of methane hydrate in a confined reservoir by a depressurizing down-hole well was studied. The case that the well pressure was kept constant was treated and two different linearization schemes in an axisymmetric configuration were used in the analysis. For different fixed well pressures and reservoir temperatures, approximate self-similar solutions were obtained. Distributions of temperature, pressure and gas velocity field across the reservoir were evaluated. The distance of the decomposition front from the well and the natural gas production rate as functions of time were also computed. Time evolutions of the resulting profiles were presented in graphical forms and their differences with the constant well output results were studied. It was shown that the gas production rate was a sensitive function of well pressure and reservoir temperature. The sensitivity of the results to the linearization scheme used was also studied.
Date:
September 1, 2005
Creator:
Ahmadi, Goodarz
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Limits on spin-dependent wimp-nucleon interactions from the cryogenic dark matter search
The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) is an experiment to detect weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) based on their interactions with Ge and Si nuclei. We report the results of an analysis of data from the first two runs of CDMS at the Soudan Underground Laboratory in terms of spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon interactions on {sup 73}Ge and {sup 29}Si. These data exclude new regions of spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon interaction parameter space, including regions relevant to spin-dependent interpretations of the annual modulation signal reported by the DAMA/NaI experiment.
Date:
September 1, 2005
Creator:
Akerib, D. S.; Armel-Funkhouser, M. S.; Attisha, M. J.; Bailey, C. N.; Baudis, L.; Bauer, Daniel A. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Limits on spin-independent wimp-nucleon interactions from the two-tower run of the cryogenic dark matter search
We report new results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. Two towers, each consisting of six detectors, were operated for 74.5 live days, giving spectrum-weighted exposures of 34 kg-d for germanium and 12 kg-d for silicon targets after cuts, averaged over recoil energies 10-100 keV for a WIMP mass of 60GeV/c{sup 2}. A blind analysis was conducted, incorporating improved techniques for rejecting surface events. No WIMP signal exceeding expected backgrounds was observed. When combined with our previous results from Soudan, the 90% C.L. upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section is 1.6 x 10{sup -43} cm{sup 2} from Ge, and 3 x 10{sup -42} cm{sup 2} from Si, for a WIMP mass of 60GeV/c{sup 2}. The combined limit from Ge (Si) is a factor of 2.5 (10) lower than our previous results, and constrains predictions of supersymmetric models.
Date:
September 1, 2005
Creator:
Akerib, D. S.; Attisha, M. J.; Bailey, C. N.; Baudis, L.; Bauer, Daniel A.; Brink, P. L. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
CDMS, Supersymmetry and Extra Dimensions
This report talks about CDMS, Supersymmetry and Extra Dimensions
Date:
September 1, 2006
Creator:
Akerib, D. S.; Attisha, M. J.; Bailey, C. N.; Baudis, Laura; Bauer, Daniel Adams; Brink, P. L. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of Improved Catalysts for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides with Hydrocarbons
Significant work has been done by the investigators on the cerium oxide-copper oxide based sorbent/catalysts for the combined removal of sulfur and nitrogen oxides from the flue gases of stationary sources. A relatively wide temperature window was established for the use of alumina-supported cerium oxide-copper oxide mixtures as regenerable sorbents for SO{sub 2} removal. Preliminary evaluation of these sorbents as catalysts for the selective reduction of NO{sub x} gave promising results with ammonia, but indicated low selectivity when methane was used as the reductant. Since the replacement of ammonia by another reductant is commercially very attractive, in this project, four research components will be undertaken. The investigation of the reaction mechanism, the first component, will help in the selection of promoters to improve the catalytic activity and selectivity of the sorbents in the SCR with methane. This will result in new catalyst formulations (second component). If this research is successful, the combined SO{sub 2}-NO{sub x} removal process based on alumina-supported copper oxide-ceria sorbent/catalysts will become very attractive for commercial applications. The objective of the third component of the project is to develop an alternative SCR process using another inexpensive fuel, residual fuel oil, instead of natural gas. This innovative proposal …
Date:
September 1, 2001
Creator:
Akyurtlu, Ates & Akyurtlu, Jale F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library