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3-D Spectral IP Imaging: Non-Invasive Characterization DE FG02 96ER 14714 (open access)

3-D Spectral IP Imaging: Non-Invasive Characterization DE FG02 96ER 14714

The Earth Resources Laboratory (ERL) performed a broad foundational study of spectral induced polarization (SIP) for site characterization. The project encompassed laboratory studies of microgeometry and chemistry effects on Induced Polarization (IP), an investigation of electromagnetic coupling (emc) noise, and development of 3D modeling and inversion codes. The major finding of the project is that emc noise presents a critical limitation for field implementation of SIP and conventional correction methods are inadequate. The project developed a frequency domain 3D complex resistivity modeling and inversion code Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effects of solution chemistry and microgeometry on the SIP response of sandstone. Results indicate that changes in chemistry affect the magnitude of the spectral IP response and changes in microgeometry affect the shape of the spectral IP response. The developed physiochemical IP model can be used to invert spectral IP data for an apparent grain size distribution. Laboratory studies over the last twenty years have shown that SIP data must be acquired over several decades of frequency and include frequencies greater than 1kHz. A model of the components of emc noise has been developed and investigation with this model showed that inductive coupling is the most significant component. …
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Morgan, F. Dale; Rodi, William & Lesmes, David
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
200 East Vadose Test Site Hanford, Washington: Electrical Resistance Tomography.  Final Report FY 2001 (open access)

200 East Vadose Test Site Hanford, Washington: Electrical Resistance Tomography. Final Report FY 2001

This report covers the electrical resistance tomography (ERT) work performed at the Hanford Reservation, 200 East Area Vadose test (Sisson and Lu) site during the period March 23 through May 5, 2001. The purposes of the ERT work were to: (1) compare and contrast the development of the highly concentrated sodium thio-sulfate plume (FY01 work) with the fresh river water plume observed during FY00; (2) use the resistance images to infer the dynamics of the plume during two or three of the sodium thiosulfate releases and during the water ''chaser'' release; (3) determine the influence of the site's steel casings on the capability to construct reliable ERT images; (4) determine if the steel casings at the site can be used as long electrodes to provide useful images of at least one release; and (5) develop quantitative estimates of the noise in the data and its effect on reconstructed images.
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Ramirez, Abelardo L.; Daily, William D. & Binley, Andrew M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
1997 Savannah River Site annual epidemiologic surveillance report (open access)

1997 Savannah River Site annual epidemiologic surveillance report

This report provides a summary of epidemiologic surveillance data collected from Savannah River Site from January 1, 1997 through December 31, 1997. The data were collected by a coordinator at Savannah River Site and submitted to the Epidemiologic Surveillance Data Center located at Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, where quality control procedures and preliminary data analyses were carried out. The analyses were interpreted and the final report prepared by the DOE Office of Epidemiologic Studies. The information in this report provides highlights of the data analyses conducted on the 1997 data collected from Savannah River Site. The main sections of the report include: work force characteristics; absences due to injury or illness lasting 5 or more consecutive workdays; workplace illnesses, injuries, and deaths that were reportable to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (''OSHA-recordable'' events); and disabilities and deaths among current workers. The 199 7 report includes a section on time trends that provides comparative information on the health of the work force from 1994 through 1997.
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
1999 INEEL National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants - Radionuclides (open access)

1999 INEEL National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants - Radionuclides

Under Section 61.94 of Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 61, Subpart H, ''National Emission Standards for Emission of Radionuclides Other Than Radon From Department of Energy Facilities,'' each Department of Energy (DOE) facility must submit an annual report documenting compliance. This report addresses the Section 61.94 reporting requirements for operations at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) for calendar year (CY) 1999. The Idaho Operations Office of the DOE is the primary contract concerning compliance with the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) at the INEEL. For CY 1999, airborne radionuclide emissions from the INEEL operations were calculated to result in a maximum individual dose to a member of the public of 7.92E-03 mrem (7.92E-08 Sievert). This effective dose equivalent (EDE) is well below the 40 CFR 61, Subpart H, regulatory standard of 10 mrem per year (1.0E-04 Sievert per year).
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Tkachyk, J. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
1999 LDRD Laboratory Directed Research and Development (open access)

1999 LDRD Laboratory Directed Research and Development

This is the FY 1999 Progress Report for the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory. It gives an overview of the LDRD Program, summarizes work done on individual research projects, relates the projects to major Laboratory program sponsors, and provides an index to the principal investigators. Project summaries are grouped by their LDRD component: Competency Development, Program Development, and Individual Projects. Within each component, they are further grouped into nine technical categories: (1) materials science, (2) chemistry, (3) mathematics and computational science, (4) atomic, molecular, optical, and plasma physics, fluids, and particle beams, (5) engineering science, (6) instrumentation and diagnostics, (7) geoscience, space science, and astrophysics, (8) nuclear and particle physics, and (9) bioscience.
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Spencer, Rita & Wheeler, Kyle
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
AB INITIO DERIVATION OF STRESS AND STRAIN IN FLUID FOAMS (open access)

AB INITIO DERIVATION OF STRESS AND STRAIN IN FLUID FOAMS

None
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Jiang, Y. & Asispauskas, M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Actinide-aluminate Speciation in Alkaline Radioactive Waste (open access)

Actinide-aluminate Speciation in Alkaline Radioactive Waste

Highly alkaline radioactive waste tanks contain a number of transuranic species, in particular U, Np, Pu, and Am-the exact forms of which are currently unknown. Knowledge of actinide speciation under highly alkaline conditions is essential towards understanding and predicting their solubility and sorption behavior in tanks, determining whether chemical separations are needed for waste treatment, and designing separations processes. Baseline washing of tank sludges with NaOH solutions is being proposed to reduce the volume of HLW. Alkaline pretreatment of HLW will be needed to remove aluminum [as NaAl(OH)4] because it significantly reduces the HLW volume; however, the aluminate ion [Al(OH)4 -] enhances actinide solubility via an unknown mechanism. Thus, alkaline wash residues may require an additional treatment to remove actinides. The results of this research will determine the nature TRU (U, Np, Pu, Am) speciation with aluminate anions under alkaline, oxidizing tank-like conditions. Specific issues to be addressed include solubility of these actinides, speciation in aluminate-containing alkaline supernatants, the role of actinide redox states on solubility, and partitioning between supernatant and solid phases, including colloids. Studies will include thermodynamics, kinetics, spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and surface science. We have already determined, for example, that certain high valent forms of Np and Pu …
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Clark, David C. & Krot, Nikolai N.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Actinide Species in Alkaline Media (open access)

Actinide Species in Alkaline Media

Using a variety of different techniques, this program attempts to provide relevant fundamental data that will reduce the number of surprises (related to actinide behavior) that occur during sludge washing and tank waste processing. This work builds upon the results of earlier fundamental studies of actinide chemistry in concentrated alkali (many conducted in Russia), on the analysis of tank wastes, and on earlier sludge-specific leaching experiments to gain an improved understanding of the relationship between sludge characteristics and actinide dissolution during proposed sludge washing procedures. A successful outcome for this research will be the generation of sufficient supporting information (both fundamental and empirical) that will enable more accurate prediction of the probability of actinide dissolution during the scrubbing of sludges from PUREX, REDOX, and BiPO4 processes. We are studying the mobilization of tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexavalent actinide cations from sludge simulants; trying to identify mineral phases that might control actinide solubility in sludge simulants; learning about associations between actinide cations and non-radioactive sludge components; investigating the solution-phase chemistry of actinide cations in concentrated alkali; and evaluating the contribution of colloid transport to actinide mobility in sludge washes.
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Nash, Kenneth L.; Jensen, Mark P.; Bond, Andrew H. & Rao, Linfeng
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Actinide-Specific Interfacial Chemistry of Monolayer Coated Mesoporous Ceramics (open access)

Actinide-Specific Interfacial Chemistry of Monolayer Coated Mesoporous Ceramics

The objective of this program is to design, synthesize, and evaluate high-efficiency, high capacity sorbent materials capable of selectively sequestering actinides from complex aqueous mixtures. One of the central goals of this project is to understand the fundamental interfacial science required to develop novel mesoporous materials coated with organized monolayers of rationally designed ligands, custom-tailored for binding specific actinide cations. This capability addresses waste management by separation of actinides, a central concern of high-level waste (HLW) and nuclear materials management at several DOE sites.
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Fryxell, Glen E.; Zemanian, Tom S.; Kemner, Ken M. & Raymond,Ken
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive response against spontaneous neoplastic transformation induced by low dose ionizing radiation (open access)

Adaptive response against spontaneous neoplastic transformation induced by low dose ionizing radiation

This project is being conducted to ascertain the shape of the dose response curve for neoplastic transformation in vitro over the dose range 0.0 to 10 cGy, and how this depends on radiation quality and dose fractionation. Preliminary data already have indicated that at a dose of 1 cGy the induced transformation frequency is less than the spontaneous transformation frequency. The results will be compared with animal and human epidemiological data on the induction of cancer by low doses of radiation. This will hopefully allow for a more informed estimation of the risk of cancer induction at low doses (see Pollycove, 1998; Rossi, 1999).
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Redpath, J. Leslie
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Albany News (Albany, Tex.), Vol. 125, No. 1, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 1, 2000 (open access)

The Albany News (Albany, Tex.), Vol. 125, No. 1, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 1, 2000

Weekly newspaper from Albany, Texas that includes local, county, and state news along with extensive advertising.
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Lucas, Donnie A.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 101, No. 68, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 1, 2000 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 101, No. 68, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 1, 2000

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
An Analysis of Burst Disc Pressure Instability (open access)

An Analysis of Burst Disc Pressure Instability

During the development stage of the 1X Acorn burst disc, burst pressure test results exhibited an unexpected increase of 8 to 14% over times of 90--100 days from initial fabrication. This increase is a concern where design constraints require stability. The disc material, 316L stainless steel sheet, is formed to a dome-like geometry and scored to produce a thin-walled, high-strength ligament. The fracture events controlling burst occur in that ligament. Thus it has been characterized both for tensile properties and microstructure through nanoindentation, magnetic measurements, optical and transmission electron microscopy. These results compare favorably with finite element simulation of the properties of the ligament. The ligament exhibits a highly heterogeneous microstructure; its small volume and microstructural heterogeneity make it difficult to identify which microstructural feature controls fracture and hence burst pressure. Bulk mechanical test specimens were fabricated to emulate mid-ligament properties, and aged at both room and elevated temperatures to characterize and accelerate the temporal behavior of the burst disc. Property changes included yield and ultimate tensile strength increases, and fracture strain decreases with aging. Specimens were subjected to a reversion anneal identical to that given the burst disc to eliminate the martensite phase formed during rolling. Reversion-annealed samples exhibited …
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Robinson, S. L.; B. C. Odegard, Jr.; Moody, N. r. & Goods, S. H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of lateral mode behavior in broad-area InGaN quantum well lasers (open access)

Analysis of lateral mode behavior in broad-area InGaN quantum well lasers

A wave-optical model that is coupled to a microscopic gain theory is used to investigate lateral mode behavior in group III nitride quantum well lasers. Beam filamentation due to self-focusing in the gain medium is found to limit fundamental-mode output to narrow stripe lasers or to operation close to lasing threshold. Differences between nitride and conventional near-infrared semiconductor lasers arise because of band structure differences, in particular, the presence of a strong quantum-confined Stark effect in the former. Increasing mirror reflectivities in plane-plane resonators to reduce lasing threshold current tends to exacerbate the filamentation problem. On the other hand, a negative-branch unstable resonator is found to mitigate filament effects, enabling fundamental-mode operation far above threshold in broad-area lasers.
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Chow, Weng W. & Amano, H.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of Surface Leaching Processes in Vitrified High-level Nuclear Wastes Using In-situ Raman Imaging and Atomistic Modelling (open access)

Analysis of Surface Leaching Processes in Vitrified High-level Nuclear Wastes Using In-situ Raman Imaging and Atomistic Modelling

The work was directed toward the investigation of quantitative remote analysis of the leaching process in glasses, using non-destructive optical methods for evaluating changes taking place on the sample surface.
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Simmons, Joseph H. & Clark, David E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of Technology Options to Reduce the Fuel Consumption of Idling Trucks (open access)

Analysis of Technology Options to Reduce the Fuel Consumption of Idling Trucks

Long-haul trucks idling overnight consume more than 838 million gallons (20 million barrels) of fuel annually. Idling also emits pollutants. Truck drivers idle their engines primarily to (1) heat or cool the cab and/or sleeper, (2) keep the fuel warm in winter, and (3) keep the engine warm in the winter so that the engine is easier to start. Alternatives to overnight idling could save much of this fuel, reduce emissions, and cut operating costs. Several fuel-efficient alternatives to idling are available to provide heating and cooling: (1) direct-fired heater for cab/sleeper heating, with or without storage cooling; (2) auxiliary power units; and (3) truck stop electrification. Many of these technologies have drawbacks that limit market acceptance. Options that supply electricity are economically viable for trucks that are idled for 1,000-3,000 or more hours a year, while heater units could be used across the board. Payback times for fleets, which would receive quantity discounts on the prices, would be somewhat shorter.
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Stodolsky, F.; Gaines, L. & Vyas, A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Anatomy of a Successful Pollution Reduction Project (open access)

Anatomy of a Successful Pollution Reduction Project

A Pollution Prevention project at Dow Chemical's Midland, MI site demonstrates that many opportunities exist for pollution prevention at other large facilities.
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Greer, L. E.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Annual Report 1999 Environmental Dynamics & Simulation (open access)

Annual Report 1999 Environmental Dynamics & Simulation

Environmental Dynamics and Simulation 1999 Annual Report
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Zachara, John M.; Foster, Nancy S.; Amonette, James E.; Bylaska, Eric J.; Felmy, Andrew R.; Gassman, Paul L. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aqueous Electrochemical Mechanisms in Actinide Residue Processing (open access)

Aqueous Electrochemical Mechanisms in Actinide Residue Processing

New and/or improved solutions to stabilization and volume reduction of nuclear materials processing residues are urgently needed. Mediated electrochemical oxidation/reduction (ME/OR) processes are one approach for incinerator ash, combustibles, and other solid residues. However, questions remain concerning the mechanisms of these processes, and how they might be optimized. In addition, further research is merited to extend their range of applicability. We will develop a deeper understanding of the thermodynamic and mechanistic aspects of heterogeneous electron transfer that lie at the heart of these MEO/R processes. We will also develop and test new approaches based on the results of these fundamental studies using actual residue materials. Key aspects of this proposal include: Determination of the potential windows for oxidation/reduction of colloidal actinide oxides and actinide-bearing oxide and organic substrates and the e--transfer kinetic parameters that govern the current--overpotential characteristics. Development of adaptations of mediation schemes and application of co-mediation reagents for oxidative and reductive dissolution based on complexation of the surface-bound or solid-phase actinides and/or the dissolved redox mediator. Execution of bench-scale tests of new MEO/R schemes on actual residue materials.
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Morris, David E.; Burns, Carol J.; Smith, Wayne H. & Blanchard, David L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Archer County News (Archer City, Tex.), No. 22, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 1, 2000 (open access)

Archer County News (Archer City, Tex.), No. 22, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 1, 2000

Weekly newspaper from Archer City, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Lewis, Shelley
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Are You Saved? HIM, an Intranet-based Expert System Reduces Fatality Risk (open access)

Are You Saved? HIM, an Intranet-based Expert System Reduces Fatality Risk

On July 28, 1998 a devastating accident occurred at the Test Reactor Area of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). The accident cost a man his life and caused injury to others. In addition to the significant human loss, Lockheed Martin (LMITCO) experienced economic losses that reached millions of dollars. LMITCO eventually lost the managing and operating contract of a premier Department of Energy Laboratory. Just as with the INEEL, companies throughout industry today must face an ever increasingly complex world of government alphabet soup of regulations—OSHA, CAA, TSCA, FIFRA, ADA, and more. For businesses, non-compliance can quickly evaporate profits. For humans, mistakes can seriously affect health, and some work areas are so complicated that a single event could cost human life. Finally, adherence to the regulations can protect the community and the environment. Compliance with regulations is essential and multifaceted. Regulations require interpretation into company policy. Policies must be implemented as standard work practices. The workforce must be trained to follow the procedures. Management must coordinate flow down of requirements and policy for standardized work planning processes and consistent compliance with regulations. Implementing controls to ensure absolute compliance can be a very costly and cumbersome effort, thus, …
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Crofts, Von David; Simpson, Wayne Winger; Hopkins, Deborah Jean & Hawke, Scott Allen
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of Preferred Depleted Uranium Disposal Forms (open access)

Assessment of Preferred Depleted Uranium Disposal Forms

The Department of Energy (DOE) is in the process of converting about 700,000 metric tons (MT) of depleted uranium hexafluoride (DUF6) containing 475,000 MT of depleted uranium (DU) to a stable form more suitable for long-term storage or disposal. Potential conversion forms include the tetrafluoride (DUF4), oxide (DUO2 or DU3O8), or metal. If worthwhile beneficial uses cannot be found for the DU product form, it will be sent to an appropriate site for disposal. The DU products are considered to be low-level waste (LLW) under both DOE orders and Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulations. The objective of this study was to assess the acceptability of the potential DU conversion products at potential LLW disposal sites to provide a basis for DOE decisions on the preferred DU product form and a path forward that will ensure reliable and efficient disposal.
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Croff, A. G.; Hightower, J. R.; Lee, D. W.; Michaels, G. E.; Ranek, N. L. & Trabalka, J. R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of the Impacts of Development and Operation of the Columbia River Hydroelectric System on Mainstem Riverine Processes and Salmon Habitats : Final Report. (open access)
Asymmetric quarks in the proton (open access)

Asymmetric quarks in the proton

Asymmetries in the quark momentum distributions in the proton reveal fundamental aspects of strong interaction physics. Differences between {anti u} and {anti d} quarks in the proton sea provide insight into the dynamics of the pion cloud around the nucleon and the nature of chiral symmetry breaking. Polarized flavor asymmetries allow the effects of pion clouds to be disentangled from those of antisymmetrization. Asymmetries between s and {anti s} quark distributions in the nucleon are also predicted from the chiral properties of QCD.
Date: June 1, 2000
Creator: Melnitchouk, W.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library