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2020 Foresight Forging the Future of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) of 2020 will look much different from the LLNL of today and vastly different from how it looked twenty years ago. We, the members of the Long-Range Strategy Project, envision a Laboratory not defined by one program--nuclear weapons research--but by several core programs related to or synergistic with LLNL's national security mission. We expect the Laboratory to be fully engaged with sponsors and the local community and closely partnering with other research and development (R&D) organizations and academia. Unclassified work will be a vital part of the Laboratory of 2020 and will visibly demonstrate LLNL's international science and technology strengths. We firmly believe that there will be a critical and continuing role for the Laboratory. As a dynamic and versatile multipurpose laboratory with a national security focus, LLNL will be applying its capabilities in science and technology to meet the needs of the nation in the 21st century. With strategic investments in science, outstanding technical capabilities, and effective relationships, the Laboratory will, we believe, continue to play a key role in securing the nation's future.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Chrzanowski, P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ADVANCED DIRECT LIQUEFACTION CONCEPTS FOR PETC GENERIC UNITS
The results of Laboratory and Bench-Scale experiments and supporting technical and economic assessments conducted under DOE Contract No. DE-AC22-91PC91040 is reported for the period October 1, 1999 to December 31, 1999. This contract is with the University of kentucky Research Foundation, which supports work with the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Researc, CONSOL, Inc., LDP Associates, and Hydrocarbon Technologies, Inc. This work involves the introduction into the basic two-stage liquefaction process several novel concepts, which include dispersed lower-cost catalysts, coal cleaning by oil agglomeration, and distillate hydrotreating and dewaxing. This project has been modified to include an investigation into the production of value added materials from coal using liquefaction based technologies.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Berkovich, Adam J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Fusion Power Plant Studies. Annual Report for 1999
Significant progress in physics understanding of the reversed shear advanced tokamak regime has been made since the last ARIES-RS study was completed in 1996. The 1999 study aimed at updating the physics design of ARIES-RS, which has been renamed ARIES-AT, using the improved understanding achieved in the last few years. The new study focused on: Improvement of beta-limit stability calculations to include important non-ideal effects such as resistive wall modes and neo-classical tearing modes; Use of physics based transport model for internal transport barrier (ITB) formation and sustainment; Comparison of current drive and rotational flow drive using fast wave, electron cyclotron wave and neutral particle beam; Improvement in heat and particle control; Integrated modeling of the optimized scenario with self-consistent current and transport profiles to study the robustness of the bootstrap alignment, ITB sustainment, and stable path to high beta and high bootstrap fraction operation.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Chan, V. S.; Chu, M. S.; Greenfield, C. M.; Kinsey, J. E. & al., et
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ADVANCED GAS TURBINE SYSTEMS RESEARCH
The activities of the Advanced Gas Turbine Systems Research (AGRSR) program are described in the quarterly report. The report is divided into discussions of Membership, Administration, Technology Transfer (Workshop/Education) and Research. Items worthy of note are presented in extended bullet format following the appropriate heading.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced high temperature superconductor film-based process using RABiTS
The purpose of this Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation (Contractor), Managing contractor for Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Midwest Superconductivity, Inc. (MSI) and Westinghouse Science and Electric Company (WEC) was to develop the basis for a commercial process for the manufacturing of superconducting tape based on the RABiTS technology developed at ORNL. The chosen method for deposition of YBCO films on RABiTS was Metal Organic chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD).
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Goyal, A.; Hawsey, R.A.; Hack, J. & Moon, D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced laser diodes for sensing applications
The authors have developed diode lasers for short pulse duration and high peak pulse power in the 0.01--100.0 m pulsewidth regime. A primary goal of the program was producing up to 10 W while maintaining good far-field beam quality and ease of manufacturability for low cost. High peak power, 17 W, picosecond pulses have been achieved by gain switching of flared geometry waveguide lasers and amplifiers. Such high powers area world record for this type of diode laser. The light emission pattern from diode lasers is of critical importance for sensing systems such as range finding and chemical detection. They have developed a new integrated optical beam transformer producing rib-waveguide diode lasers with a symmetric, low divergence, output beam and increased upper power limits for irreversible facet damage.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Vawter, Gregory A.; Mar, Alan; Chow, Weng W. & Allerman, Andrew A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ADVANCED SORBENT DEVELOPMENT
The overall objective of this program was to develop regenerable sorbents for use in the temperature range of 343 to 538 C (650 to 1000 F) to remove hydrogen sulfide (H{sub 2}S) from coal-derived fuel gases in a fluidized-bed reactor. The goal was to develop sorbents that are capable of reducing the H{sub 2}S level in the fuel gas to less than 20 ppmv in the specified temperature range and pressures in the range of 1 to 20 atmospheres, with chemical characteristics that permit cyclic regeneration over many cycles without a drastic loss of activity, as well as physical, characteristics that are compatible with the fluidized bed application. This topical report focuses on the investigation directed toward preparation of zinc-based sorbents using the sol-gel approach that has been shown to require only a moderate temperature for calcination, while resulting in significantly more attrition-resistant sorbents. The sorbents prepared in this part of the investigation and the results from their evaluation in packed-bed and fluidized-bed reactors are described in this report.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Abbasian, Javad
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ALTERNATING CURRENT LOSSES IN AG-SHEATHED BSCCO (2212 AND 2223) TAPES AND WIRES AND YBCO (123) COATED CONDUCTORS
In this study, we focus on the examination of ac losses in conductors utilizing Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O [BSCCO (2223)] high TC superconductors (HTS). In addition, we seek to assist other facilities such as the University of Wisconsin-Madison Applied Superconductivity Center (UW-ASC), Brookhaven National Laboratory, and other DoE facilities investigating the use of HTS in electric power applications (e.g., generators, motors, and transformers). To accomplish this we will develop an ac losses capability at Clark Atlanta University to complement the established ac losses efforts at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BSCCO) on BSCCO/Ag and various material characterization efforts taking place at the UW-ASC. Our goal is through this effort to gain a greater understanding of the effects on ac losses due to parameters such as ac/dc current, J{sub c}, tape geometry, voltage tap placement, field orientation, material anisotropy, surface irregularities, percolations and filament coupling effects. As a result, we expect to better understand how to minimize ac losses in applications requiring real or practical conductors. HTS conductors based on BSCCO-2223 are now being routinely produced in industrial lengths of high quality. Vendors such as Southwire and ASC are producing multi-filamentary tapes in lengths of 6 km or more carrying critical current …
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Hurley, John S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of the radiation fallout tests at ETBS, France (Fall 1996)
A series of experiments were carried out at the Etablissement Technique de Bourges (ETBS), France to measure protection factors for the Russian T72M tank during exposure to gamma radiation emanating from the ground. The purpose of these measurements was to determine the reduction in the dose rate to the tank occupants when the vehicle traverses terrain that has been contaminated as the result of fallout from a nuclear weapon or when the ground has been contaminated by the distribution of radioactive material by terrorists. This report summarizes results of calculations that replicate the measurements. Comparisons of measured and calculated protection factors are reported for a series of nested iron cylinders and the T72M tank. The cylinder measurements were performed to compare protection factors measured at Bourges with those obtained previously at the US Army Aberdeen Test Center.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Barnes, J. M. & Santoro, R. T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Asynchronous parallel pattern search for nonlinear optimization
Parallel pattern search (PPS) can be quite useful for engineering optimization problems characterized by a small number of variables (say 10--50) and by expensive objective function evaluations such as complex simulations that take from minutes to hours to run. However, PPS, which was originally designed for execution on homogeneous and tightly-coupled parallel machine, is not well suited to the more heterogeneous, loosely-coupled, and even fault-prone parallel systems available today. Specifically, PPS is hindered by synchronization penalties and cannot recover in the event of a failure. The authors introduce a new asynchronous and fault tolerant parallel pattern search (AAPS) method and demonstrate its effectiveness on both simple test problems as well as some engineering optimization problems
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Hough, P. D.; Kolda, T. G. & Torczon, V. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
AVATAR -- Adaptive Visualization Aid for Touring And Recovery
This document provides a report on the initial development of software which uses a standard visualization tool to determine, label and display salient regions in large 3D physics simulation datasets. This software uses parallel pattern recognition behind the scenes to handle the huge volume of data. This software is called AVATAR (Adaptive Visualization Aid for Touring and Recovery). It integrates approaches to gathering labeled training data, learning from large training sets utilizing parallelism and the final display of salient data in unseen visualization data sets. The paper uses vorticity fields for a large-eddy simulation to illustrate the method.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Hall, L. O.; Bowyer, K. W.; Chawla, N.; T. Moore, Jr. & Kegelmeyer, W. P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ballistic Missile Silo Door Monitoring Analysis
This paper compares the cost and effectiveness of several potential options that may be used to monitor silo-based ballistic missiles. Silo door monitoring can be used to verify that warheads removed to deactivate or download silo-based ballistic missiles have not been replaced. A precedent for monitoring warhead replacement using reentry vehicle on site inspections (RV-OSIs) and using satellites has been established by START-I and START-II. However, other monitoring options have the potential to be less expensive and more effective. Three options are the most promising if high verification confidence is desired: random monitoring using door sensors; random monitoring using manned or unmanned aircraft; and continuous remote monitoring using unattended door sensors.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Edenburn, Michael W. & Trost, Lawrence C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
BENCH-SCALE DEMONSTRATION OF HOT-GAS DESULFURIZATION TECHNOLOGY
None
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Gangwal, Santosh K. & Portzer, Jeffrey W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bio-Terrorism Threat and Casualty Prevention
The bio-terrorism threat has become the ''poor man's'' nuclear weapon. The ease of manufacture and dissemination has allowed an organization with only rudimentary skills and equipment to pose a significant threat with high consequences. This report will analyze some of the most likely agents that would be used, the ease of manufacture, the ease of dissemination and what characteristics of the public health response that are particularly important to the successful characterization of a high consequence event to prevent excessive causalities.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
NOEL,WILLIAM P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Biomass power for rural development. Quarterly report for the period July 1, 1999 - September 30, 1999
None
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Cooper, James T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Biomass power for rural development. Quarterly report, October 1, 1999 - December 31,1999
None
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Cooper, James T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Biomass stakeholder views and concerns: Environmental groups and some trade association
This exploratory study of the views and concerns of 25 environmental organizations found high interest and concern about which biomass feedstocks would be used and how these biomass materials would be converted to energy. While all favored renewable energy over fossil or nuclear energy, opinion diverged over whether energy crops, residues, or both should be the primary source of a biomass/bioenergy fuel cycle. About half of the discussants favored biomass ``in general'' as a renewable energy source, while the others were distributed about equally over five categories, from favor-with-conditions, uncertain, skeptical, opposed, to ``no organizational policy.''
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Peelle, E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bull Trout Distribution and Abundance in the Waters on and Bordering the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, 2000 Annual Report.
The range of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Deschutes River basin has decreased from historic levels due to many factors including dam construction, habitat degradation, brook trout introduction and eradication efforts. While the bull trout population appears to be stable in the Metolius River-Lake Billy Chinook system they have been largely extirpated from the upper Deschutes River (Buchanan et al. 1997). Little was known about bull trout in the lower Deschutes basin until BPA funded project No.9405400 began during 1998. In this progress report we describe the findings from the third year (2000) of the multi-year study aimed at determining the life history, genetics, habitat needs and limiting factors of bull trout in the lower Deschutes subbasin. Juvenile bull trout and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) relative abundance was assessed in the Warm Springs River and Shitike Creek by night snorkeling. In the Warm Springs R. juvenile bull trout were slightly more numerous than brook trout, however, both were found in low densities. Relative densities of both species declined from 1999 observations. Juvenile bull trout vastly out numbered brook trout in Shitike Cr. Relative densities of juvenile bull trout increased while brook trout abundance was similar to 1999 observations in …
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Brun, Christopher
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemistry of the heaviest elements--one atom at a time
In keeping with the goal of the Viewpoint series of the Journal of Chemical Education, this article gives a 75-year perspective of the chemistry of the heaviest elements, including a 50-year retrospective view of past developments, a summary of current research achievements and applications, and some predictions about exciting, new developments that might be envisioned within the next 25 years. A historical perspective of the importance of chemical separations in the discoveries of the transuranium elements from neptunium (Z=93) through mendelevium (Z=101) is given. The development of techniques for studying the chemical properties of mendelevium and still heavier elements on the basis of measuring the radioactive decay of a single atom (''atom-at-a-time'' chemistry) and combining the results of many separate experiments is reviewed. The influence of relativistic effects (expected to increase as Z{sup 2}) on chemical properties is discussed. The results from recent atom-at-a-time studies of the chemistry of the heaviest elements through seaborgium (Z=106) are summarized and show that their properties cannot be readily predicted based on simple extrapolation from the properties of their lighter homologues in the periodic table. The prospects for extending chemical studies to still heavier elements than seaborgium are considered and appear promising.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Hoffman, Darleane C. & Lee, Diana M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Closed-loop biomass co-firing. Quarterly technical progress report for the period October - December 1999
Tasks included the following: analyze data from small plot harvests; large-scale planting of high-fiber cane variety; pilot-scale testing of fuel blends; procuring harvest equipment; perform harvest and co-firing trials for full-scale demonstration.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Jakeway, Lee & Nakahata, Mae
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Collaborative Research: Hydrogeological-Geophysical Methods for Subsurface Site Characterization - Final Report
This research contributes three newly-developed relationships that significantly improve aquifer characterization: (1) a general relationship between total and channel porosities, (2) a general relationship between electrical resistivity and channel porosity, and (3) bounds on the electrical resistivity - seismic velocity relationship.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Mavko, G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Complete Fast Fourier Transform and Cascaded Transition-Band Filters to Reduce the Noise of Deconvolution
A measurement system's components: cabling, delay line, waveform recorder, etc., degrade acquired signals and their respective bandlimited frequency responses. Compensation software corrects for this frequency-dependent spectral degradation by deconvolving the transfer function of the entire measurement system out of the measured signal spectra. This report describes methods to transfer the characteristics of a wide bandwidth repetitive sampling oscilloscope to a single-shot transient digitizer, characterize the measurement system, develop a cascaded transition-band filter, and compensate data acquired with the filtered, characterized measurement system. These procedures are easily implemented, execute quickly, and successfully compensate waveforms possessing endpoint discontinuities. Waveforms possessing endpoint discontinuities are made to appear duration-limited and continuous. The spectra for these modified waveforms are correct, including at dc. The deconvolution process introduces unavoidable noise. Filtering is applied to reduce the deconvolution noise while minimally affecting compensated waveform risetime and amplitude. Resultant compensated data retains its initial dc baseline offset with improved waveform fidelity and low noise of deconvolution.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Patterson, P.E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Composite electrodes for advanced electrochemical applications. Quarterly report for the period October 1, - December 31, 1999
The electrochemical industry is one of the most highly energy intensive industries today. However, there have been no significant advances in the electrodes that these industries use. The dimensionally stable anode (DSA), which ELTECH introduced under a license agreement, has been the industry standard for the past twenty-five years. But, DSAs are nearing the end of their technological prevalence. The principal problems with DSAs include high capital and operating costs, and the proprietary nature of the technology. In addition, DSAs experience problems that include: contamination of the process solution by anode materials, failure when the electrocatalytic coating peels from underattack, generally low anode performance due to inherent limitations in operating current density, and short anode lifetime because of corrosion. The proposed innovation combines the low electrical resistance of copper with the corrosion resistance of electrically conductive diamond to achieve energy efficient, long-lifetime electrodes for electrochemistry. The proposed work will ultimately develop a composite electrode that consists of a copper substrate, a conductive diamond coating, and a catalytic precious metal coating. The scope of the current work includes preparation, testing, and evaluation of diamond-coated titanium electrodes.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Kovach, Chris
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Composite wire plasma formation and evolution
The detailed understanding of the formation and evolution of plasma from rapidly heated metallic wires is a long-standing challenge in the field of plasma physics and in exploding wire engineering. This physical process is made even more complicated if the wire material is composed of a number of individual layers. The authors have successfully developed both optical and x-ray backlighting diagnostics. In particular, the x-ray backlighting technique has demonstrated the capability for quantitative determination of the plasma density over a wide range of densities. This diagnostic capability shows that the process of plasma formation is composed of two separate phases: first, current is passed through a cold wire and the wire is heated ohmically, and, second, the heated wire evolves gases that break down and forms a low-density plasma surrounding the wire.
Date:
January 1, 2000
Creator:
Spielman, Rick B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library