U.S. DOE and National Renewable Energy Laboratory evaluated Norcal Waste Systems liquefied natural gas (LNG) waste transfer trucks. Trucks had prototype Cummins Westport ISXG engines. Report gives final data.

In situ groundwater bioremediation of hydrocarbons has been used for more than 40 years. Most strategies involve biostimulation; however, recently bioaugmentation have been used for dehalorespiration. Aquifer and contaminant profiles are critical to determining the feasibility and strategy for in situ groundwater bioremediation. Hydraulic conductivity and redox conditions, including concentrations of terminal electron acceptors are critical to determine the feasibility and strategy for potential bioremediation applications. Conceptual models followed by characterization and subsequent numerical models are critical for efficient and cost effective bioremediation. Critical research needs in this area include better modeling and integration of remediation strategies with natural attenuation.

In this chapter we review the spectroscopic data for actinide molecules and the reaction dynamics for atomic and molecular actinides that have been examined in the gas phase or in inert cryogenic matrices. The motivation for this type of investigation is that physical properties and reactions can be studied in the absence of external perturbations (gas phase) or under minimally perturbing conditions (cryogenic matrices). This information can be compared directly with the results from high-level theoretical models. The interplay between experiment and theory is critically important for advancing our understanding of actinide chemistry. For example, elucidation of the role of the 5f electrons in bonding and reactivity can only be achieved through the application of experimentally verified theoretical models. Theoretical calculations for the actinides are challenging due the large numbers of electrons that must be treated explicitly and the presence of strong relativistic effects. This topic has been reviewed in depth in Chapter 17 of this series. One of the goals of the experimental work described in this chapter has been to provide benchmark data that can be used to evaluate both empirical and ab initio theoretical models. While gas-phase data are the most suitable for comparison with theoretical calculations, …

This is a fact sheet on an advanced computer analysis system for petroleum refining written for the NICE3 Program.

Fact sheet written for the Inventions and Innovation Program about a new process for casting hollow steel rounds that saves energy and costs.

This is a fact sheet on new microwave drying technology written for the NICE3 Program.

Fact sheet written for the Inventions and Innovation Program about a new innovation in gas turbine engines that allows for unusually effective cooling.

This is a fact sheet on lumber defect detection system written for the NICE3 Program.

Fact sheet written for the Inventions and Innovation Program about a new nontoxic coating process that protects aluminum and aluminum alloys.

This report is a fact sheet on new sensor and control technology written for the NICE3 Program. ENVATEC has addressed a major problem for paper producers with its ENVAIR 4000, a sensor and control technology that optimizes DC motor drive operations by simultaneously monitoring and analyzing eight inputs on DC motors. Attributes, such as motor air temperature, speed, vibration, relative humidity, presence of corrosive gases, airflow, and amperage, are measured for irregularities and then a signal is transmitted across the customer's facility on any network interface. This eliminates unscheduled motor shutdowns, thereby cutting energy costs tied to restarting. Based on successful prototype testing, the ENVAIR 4000 promises a 70% reduction in repair and replacement costs, an 80% reduction in unscheduled downtime and pulp waste, and a 43% drop in CO{sub 2} emissions.

This is a fact sheet written for the NICE3 Program about a system that recovers harmful hydrofluoroether vapors for reuse in computer manufacturing processes.

This is a fact sheet written for the Inventions and Innovation Program about a new technology that uses the concept of tribopolymerization to create perpetually renewing films on surfaces.

Fact sheet written for the Inventions and Innovation Program about a new method for manufacturing metal-reinforced carbon composite materials.

Subsurface reservoirs being considered for storing CO{sub 2} include saline aquifers, oil and gas reservoirs, and unmineable coal seams (Baines and Worden, 2004; IPCC, 2005). By far the greatest storage capacity is in saline aquifers (Dooley et al., 2004), and our discussion will focus primarily on CO{sub 2} storage in saline formations. Most issues for safety and security of CO{sub 2} storage arise from the fact that, at typical temperature and pressure conditions encountered in terrestrial crust, CO{sub 2} is less dense than aqueous fluids. Accordingly, CO{sub 2} will experience an upward buoyancy force in most subsurface environments, and will tend to migrate upwards whenever (sub-)vertical permeable pathways are available, such as fracture zones, faults, or improperly abandoned wells (Bachu, 2008; Pruess, 2008a, b; Tsang et al., 2008). CO{sub 2} injection will increase fluid pressures in the target formation, thereby altering effective stress distributions, and potentially triggering movement along fractures and faults that could increase their permeability and reduce the effectiveness of a caprock in containing CO{sub 2} (Rutqvist et al., 2008; Chiaramonte et al., 2008). Induced seismicity as a consequence of fluid injection is also a concern (Healy et al., 1968; Raleigh et al., 1976; Majer et al., 2007). …

This 2-page fact sheet describes training available for U.S. industry on ways to achieve energy efficiency through systems improvements.

Persistence in the environment and potential for long-range transport are related since time in the environment is required for transport. A persistent chemical will travel longer distances than a reactive chemical that shares similar chemical properties. Scheringer (1997) has demonstrated the correlation between persistence and transport distance for different organic chemicals. However, this correlation is not sufficiently robust to predict one property from the other. Specific chemicals that are persistent mayor may not exhibit long-range transport potential. Persistence and long-range transport also present different societal concerns. Persistence concerns relate to the undesired possibility that chemicals produced and used now may somehow negatively affect future generations. Long-range transport concerns relate to the undesired presence of chemicals in areas where these compounds have not been used. Environmental policy decisions can be based on either or both considerations depending on the aim of the regulatory program. In this chapter, definitions and methods for quantifying persistence and transport potential of organic chemicals are proposed which will assist in the development of sound regulatory frameworks.

Fact sheet written for the Inventions and Innovation Program about a new welding control system that provides precise, effective welds and documents weld integrity.

In Fiscal Year 2001, for the third year in a row, the solar electric market grew at more than 30%. Fueling this growth is the U.S. photovoltaic industry - the companies that design, manufacture, install, operate, and maintain all components of solar generating systems. The messages of the U.S. PV industry roadmap are taken very seriously by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Solar Energy Technologies. Achieving industry's goals will demand aggressive work in fundamental and exploratory research, manufacturing, and system applications to reduce the cost of solar electric systems. This is an annual report of the DOE PV Program, FY2001.