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Winter Fuels Report
81
Fiscal Year 1997
60
Fiscal Year 1998
52
Fiscal Year 1994
42
Fiscal Year 1995
40
Fiscal Year 1996
38
Fiscal Year 1999
31
LLE Review Quarterly Report
30
Proceedings of the Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering
27
Data Summary of Municipal Solid Waste Management Alternatives
23
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WRAP program evaluation
The Weatherization Residential Assistance Partnership,'' or WRAP program, is a fuel-blind conservation program designed to assist Northeast Utilities' low-income customers to use energy safely and efficiently. Innovative with respect to its collaborative approach and its focus on utilizing and strengthening the existing low-income weatherization service delivery network, the WRAP program offers an interesting model to other utilities which traditionally have relied on for-profit energy service contractors and highly centralized program implementation structures. This evaluation of the WRAP program is designed to: (1) Review the continuing relevance of the demand-side management option screening methodology for determining program configuration for services delivery, including rural populations; (2) locate and analyze recent additions to the energy conservation literature, data and information that bear on design of the WRAP program; and (3) through interviews assess participant impressions of the collaborative process used to plan, develop and implement the WRAP process.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Ferrey, S. (Ferrey (Steven) and Associates, Newton, MA (United States))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
(X-ray diffraction experiments with condenser matter)
This report discusses research on the following topics: high-{Tc} superconductors; The response of crystal to an applied electric field; quasicrystals; surface structure and kinetics of surface layer formation; EXAFS studies of superconductors and heterostructures; effect of iron on the crystal structure of perovskite; x-ray detector development; and SAXS experiments. (LSP)
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Coppens, P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
X-ray reflectivity measurements of surface roughness using energy dispersive detection
We describe a new technique for measuring x-ray reflectivity using energy dispersive x-ray detection. The benefits of this method are the use of a fixed scattering angle and parallel detection of all energies simultaneously. These advantages make the technique more readily useable with laboratory x-ray sources and more compatible with growth chambers. We find excellent agreement between the calculated Fresnel reflectivity and the reflectivity obtained from a smooth Ge (001) surface. Reflectivities obtained during 500 eV Xe ion bombardment of Ge surfaces demonstrate the sensitivity of the technique to be better than 1 {angstrom}. 9 refs., 4 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Chason, E. & Warwick, D.T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
XAFS analysis in the anharmonic limit: Application to HI-T sub c superconductors and ferrosilicates
The effect of lattice vibrations in XAFS, reflected in the relative motion of atomic pairs, is usually taken into account by the use of a harmonic Debye-Waller factor. However such treatment is known to be invalid in several situations of interest e.g. superionic conductors metals near the melting point, etc. The use of a harmonic treatment in these situations leads to results in conflict with those obtained using diffraction techniques. The effect of small anharmonicity has been discussed by several authors, finding that in some cases the correction of the harmonic Debye-Waller factor by the first few cumulant expression terms suffices to reconcile XAFS and diffraction results. However, even in situations where anharmonicity is moderate or when the single particle potentials used to describe the lattice dynamics of the system exhibit nearby minima the cumulant expansion breaks down. In order to treat the problem of high anharmonicity, we have generalized the formulation for the exact XAFS thermal average in terms of a RDF, to the quantum mechanical regime, and implemented this formulation in the fitting of XAFS data. This approach permits the treatment of highly anharmonic motion that can not analyzed using cumulant expansion of the Debye-Waller factor. 8 refs., …
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Mustre de Leon, J. & Conradson, S.D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
XAFS studies of interactions at transition-metal/Al interfaces
XAFS measurements on transition metal/Al interfaces have been made using a combination of glancing angle and in-situ UHV techniques. Glancing angle methods provide depth dependent interface structural information for Al on metal bilayers, while SEXAFS methods were used for thin metal layers on Al substrates. In all cases studied (Ni, Cu, and Cr) interfacial O played a crucial role in determining the interface structure. 4 refs., 2 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Heald, S.M. & Barrera, E.V.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Xenon-129 NMR study of the microporous structure of clays and pillared clays
{sup 129}Xe NMR studies have been carried out using xenon gas adsorbed in clays and pillared clays. Data from the measurements provide information on the pore structure of clays before and after pillaring. The results indicate that the effective pore diameter of montmorillonite increases, for example, from 5.4 {Angstrom} to 8.0 {Angstrom} after pillaring cheto-montmorillonite with aluminum polyoxohydroxy Keggin cations. The data are consistent with X-ray powder diffraction results, which show a corresponding increase in the interlamellar gallery height from 5.6 {Angstrom} to 8.4 {Angstrom}.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Tsiao, C. & Carrado, K. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
XUV free-electron laser-based projection lithography systems
Free-electron laser sources, driven by rf-linear accelerators, have the potential to operate in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range with more than sufficient average power for high-volume projection lithography. For XUV wavelengths from 100 nm to 4 nm, such sources will enable the resolution limit of optical projection lithography to be extended from 0.25 {mu}m to 0.05{mu}m and with an adequate total depth of focus (1 to 2 {mu}m). Recent developments of a photoinjector of very bright electron beams, high-precision magnetic undulators, and ring-resonator cavities raise our confidence that FEL operation below 100 nm is ready for prototype demonstration. We address the motivation for an XUV FEL source for commercial microcircuit production and its integration into a lithographic system, include reflecting reduction masks, reflecting XUV projection optics and alignment systems, and surface-imaging photoresists. 52 refs., 7 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Newnam, Brian E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zinc substitution effects on the superconducting properties of Nd sub 1. 85 Ce sub 0. 15 CuO sub 4-. delta
With the discovery of the electron superconductors, a new dimension was added to research in the field of high-temperature superconductivity. Studies of these materials should help elucidate the mechanism responsible for high-temperature superconductivity, as well as improve strategies for finding new superconductors. In this paper, we discuss the superconducting structural properties of Nd{sub 1.85}Ce{sub 0.15}(Cu{sub 1-y}Zn{sub y})O{sub 4} as a function of the Zn concentration y. Detailed comparisons with previous results of similar substitution studies in the single-CuO{sub 2}-layer hole superconductor La{sub 1.85}Sr{sub 0.15}CuO{sub 4} also are made. We have found that the non-magnetic element Zn has a detrimental effect on the T{prime}-phase electron superconductor, and that this effect is as strong as in the T-phase hole superconductor. Theoretical implications and the question of electron-hole symmetry are also discussed.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Garcia-Vazquez, Valentin; Mazumdar, S.; Falco, Charles M.; Barlingay, C. & Risbud, S. H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ZTI: An ignition class reversed-field pinch
A cost-optimized conceptual design of an intermediate-step, ignition-class RFP device (ZTI)for the study of alpha-particle physics and burn control in a DT plasma is reported. With major and minor plasma radii R{sub T} = 2.4m and {tau}{sub p} = 0.4m, respectively, and for conservative extrapolations of experimental energy-confinement times, ion-density profiles, and impurity levels, the ZTI operating conditions during a 5-s period of constant fusion power are: toroidal plasma current I{sub {phi}} {approx equal} 9 MA, plasma temperature T {approx equal} 11 keV, plasma density n{sub i} {approx equal} 3 {times} 10{sup 20} m{sup {minus}3}, fusion power P{sub F} {approx equal} 100 MW, and physics Q-value Q{sub p} {approx equal} 5 for a total machine size that corresponds to P{sub F}/M{sub FPC} {approx equal} 590 kW/tonne. This physics design point was adopted as a strawman'' with which to examine the requirements of ohmic heating to DT ignition and to perform a cost-optimized magnetics design. The ZTl design reflects potentially significant cost savings relative to similar ignition-class tokamaks for device parameters that reside on the path to a viable commercial RFP reactor. The methodology and results of coupling realistic physics, engineering, and cost models through a multi-dimensional optimizer are reported for …
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Bathke, C. G.; Krakowski, R. A.; Miller, R. L. & Werley, K. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ZTI: Preliminary characterization of an ignition class reversed-field pinch
A preliminary cost-optimized conceptual design of an intermediate-step, ignition-class RFP device (ZTI) for the study of alpha-particle physics in a DT plasma is reported. The ZTI design reflects potentially significant cost savings relative to similar ignition-class tokamaks for device parameters that reside on the path to a viable commercial RFP reactor. Reductions in both device costs and number of steps to commercialization portend a significantly reduced development cost for fusion. The methodology and result and coupling realistic physics, engineering, and cost models through a multi-dimensional optimizer are reported for ZTI, which is a device that would follow the 2--4 MA ZTH on a {approx gt} 1996--98 timescale. 15 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Bathke, C. G.; Krakowski, R. A.; Miller, R. L. & Werley, K. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library