Preliminary results from the D0 experiment on jet production with rapidity gaps in p{anti p} collisions are presented. A class of dijet events with a forward rapidity gap is observed at center-of-mass energies {radical}s = 1800 GeV and 630 GeV. The number of events with rapidity gaps at both center-of-mass energies is significantly greater than the expectation from multiplicity fluctuations and is consistent with a hard diffractive process. A class of events with two forward gaps and central dijets is also observed at 1800 GeV. This topology is consistent with hard double pomeron exchange.

The first measurements of the differential cross section from d({gamma},p)n up to 4.0 GeV were performed at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF, formerly CEBAF). Bremsstrahlung photons from electron beam impinging on a copper radiator and a liquid deuterium target were employed for this experiment. The experiment was performed in Hall C where the photoprotons at forward angles in the center-of-mass were detected in the High Momentum Spectrometer (HMS) and photoprotons at backward angles were detected in the Short Orbit Spectrometer (SOS). The bremsstrahlung photon energy was reconstructed from the measured proton momentum and angle using the two-body kinematics. We report the cross section results at the proton center-of-mass angles of 37{degree} and 90{degree}. These results are in good agreement with previous lower energy measurements. The 90{degree} data continue to show the constituent-counting-rule behavior up to 4 GeV. The results will be compared with models based on QCD as well as those based on meson-exchange theory.

Two century-scale time series in northern Bolivia constrain the ages of abrupt changes in the physical, geochemical, and biological characteristics of sediments obtained from lakes that formed during deglaciation from the late Pleistocene glacial maximum. The watersheds of Laguna Viscachani (16{degrees}12`S, 68{degrees}07`W, 3780m) and Lago Taypi Chaka Kkota (16{degrees}13`S, 68{degrees}21`W, 4300m), located on the eastern and western slopes of the Cordillera Real, respectively, contain small cirque glaciers. A high-resolution chronology of the lake sediments is provided by 23 AMS {sup 14}C dates of discrete macro-fossils. Late Pleistocene glaciers retreated rapidly, exposing the lake basins between 10,700 and 9700 {sup 14}C yr B.P. The sedimentary facies suggest that after 8900 {sup 14}C B.P. glaciers were absent from the watersheds and remained so during the middle Holocene. An increase in the precipitation-evaporation balance is indicated above unconformities dated to about 2300 {sup 14}C yr B.P. in both Lago Taypi Chaka Kkota and Laguna Viscachani. An abrupt increase in sediment accumulation rated after 1400 {sup 14}C yr B.P. signals the onset of Neoglaciation. A possible link exists between the observed millennial-scale shifts in the regional precipitation- evaporation balance and seasonal shifts in tropical insolation.

Estimates of the surface-area and vapor-release reductions are obtained when commercially available enhanced tubes (spirally ribbed) replace plain tubes in a reflux unit condensing pure organic vapors with different concentrations of a noncondensable gas. This investigation was undertaken because there are no existing data and/or prediction methods that are applicable for these shell-and-tube condensers commonly used in the process industries. To obtain these estimates, existing design methods published in the open literature were used. The major findings are that (1) surface-area reductions can almost approach the single-phase heat transfer enhancement level, and (2) vapor-release reductions can approach a factor of four. The important implication is that enhanced tubes appear to be very cost effective for addressing the recovery of volatile organic vapors (VOCs), and for a vast number of different reflux-condenser applications.

Angular asymmetries have been measured in polarized Z{sup 0} decays to b{anti b}g collected by the SLD experiment at the SLC. A high purity b{anti b}g event sample is selected utilizing lifetime information given by the SLD CCD pixel vertex detector and the stable micron-size SLC beams, and the b- and {anti b}-jets are identified using lifetime information and momentum-weighted track charge. The forward-backward asymmetry is observed in the b-jet polar angle distribution, and the parity-violation parameter is measured to test the Standard Model. Two angular correlations between the three-jet plane and the Z{sup 0} polarization are studied. The CP-even and T-odd angular asymmetry, and the CP-odd and T-odd angular asymmetry are sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. The authors measure the expectation values of these quantities to be consistent with zero and set limits on the correlations.

The authors present an improved comparison of the strong couplings of gluons to light (u, d, and s), c, and b quarks, determined from multijet rates in flavor-tagged samples of hadronic Z{sup 0} decays recorded with the SLC Large Detector at the SLAC Linear Collider between 1993 and 1995. Flavor separation on the basis of lifetime and decay multiplicity differences among hadrons containing light, c, and b quarks was made using the SLD precision tracking system, yielding tags with high purity and low bias against {ge} 3-jet final states. They find: {alpha}{sub s}{sup uds}/{alpha}{sub s}{sup all} = 0.997 {+-} 0.011(stat) {+-} 0.011(syst) {+-} 0.005(theory), {alpha}{sub s}{sup c}/{alpha}{sub s}{sup all} = 0.984 {+-} 0.042 {+-} 0.053 {+-} 0.022, {alpha}{sub s}{sup b}/{alpha}{sub s}{sup all} = 1.022 {+-} 0.019 {+-} 0.023 {+-} 0.012.

The authors have measured the production rates as a function of scaled energy x of prompt charmed pseudoscalar D{sup {+-}} and vector D*{sup {+-}} mesons in hadronic Z{sup 0} decays. The prompt signal components were isolated from the background of D mesons from B hadron decays using impact parameters of reconstructed D{sup {+-}} {yields} K{sup {minus_plus}}{pi}{sup {+-}}{pi}{sup {+-}} and D*-daughter D{sup 0} {yields} K{sup {minus}}{pi}{sup +} and D{sup 0} {yields} K{sup {minus}}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}}{pi}{sup +} candidates. Using the combined meson production rates the authors have measured the fraction of hadronic Z{sup 0} decays into c{bar c}, R{sub c} = 0.182 {+-} 0.027 (stat.) {+-} 0.012 (syst.) (Preliminary). Comparison of the D*{sup {+-}} and D{sup {+-}} rates gives a direct probe of vector (V) vs. pseudoscalar (P) meson production for charmed quarks, and for x > 0.4 they have measured P{sub V} = V/(V + P) = 0.65 {+-} 0.09(stat.) {+-} 0.03(syst.) {+-} 0.03 (BR) (Preliminary). They have measured the degree of spin alignment of the D*{sup {+-}} mesons along their flight direction and find it to be consistent with zero. They compared the latter two results with QCD- and model-based predictions of charm-quark jet fragmentation.

The authors have measured production rates as a function of momentum of the identified hadrons {pi}{sup +}, K{sup +}, K{sup 0}, K*{sup 0}, {phi}, p, {Lambda}{sup 0} and their antihadrons in inclusive hadronic Z{sup 0} decays, as well as separately in decays into light, c and b flavors. In addition they have compared hadron and antihadron production rates in light quark (rather than antiquark) jets. The SLD Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector was used to identify charged hadrons. The vertex detector was used to tag high-purity samples of light- and b-flavor events. The electron beam polarization was used to tag samples of quark and antiquark jets. Clear flavor dependences are observed, consistent with expectations based upon measured production and decay properties of heavy hadrons. They use the light-flavor results to test the predictions of MLLA QCD and of various fragmentation models. Differences between hadron and antihadron production in light quark jets are observed at high momentum fraction, providing direct evidence that higher-momentum particles are more likely to contain a primary quark or antiquark, and they use these results to make a new direct measurement of strangeness suppression in the jet fragmentation process.

This paper presents an overview of the hardware and software proposed for the ATLAS level 2 Trigger ROI Builder/Supervisor. The essential requirements of this system are that it operate at the design Level 1 Trigger rate of 100kHz and that it support the technical requirements of the architectures suggested for the ATLAS Level 2 Trigger. Commercial equipment and software support are used to the maximum extent possible, with support from dedicated hardware. Timing requirements and latencies are discussed and simulation results are presented.

Laves intermetallics have a significant effect on properties of metal waste forms being developed at Argonne National Laboratory. These waste forms are stainless steel-zirconium alloys that will contain radioactive metal isotopes isolated from spent nuclear fuel by electrometallurgical treatment. The baseline waste form composition for stainless steel-clad fuels is stainless steel-15 wt.% zirconium (SS-15Zr). This article presents results of neutron diffraction measurements, heat-treatment studies and mechanical testing on SS-15Zr alloys. The Laves intermetallics in these alloys, labeled Zr(Fe,Cr,Ni){sub 2+x}, have both C36 and C15 crystal structures. A fraction of these intermetallics transform into (Fe,Cr,Ni){sub 23}Zr{sub 6} during high-temperature annealing; the authors have proposed a mechanism for this transformation. The SS-15Zr alloys show virtually no elongation in uniaxial tension, but exhibit good strength and ductility in compression tests. This article also presents neutron diffraction and microstructural data for a stainless steel-42 wt.% zirconium (SS-42Zr) alloy.

'The overall objective of this research is to investigate the influence of coupled physical and chemical heterogeneity on the migration and entrapment of DNAPLs in the saturated zone. This research includes laboratory and numerical investigations for a matrix of fluid and solid properties encompassing a range of wettability characteristics. Specific objectives include: (1) quantification of medium wettability and interfacial tensions; (2) determination of hydraulic property relations; (3) two-dimensional infiltration experiments; (4) modification of a continuum based multiphase flow simulator to account for physical heterogeneity, saturation independent and saturation dependent wettability, and concentration dependent wettability and interfacial tension; and (5) utilization of this model to explore the potential influence of coupled physical and chemical heterogeneities on the migration of DNAPLs and the development of innovative remediation schemes. Research conducted during this period was directed primarily towards the accomplishment of goals (1), (2), (4) and (5); specific details are given below. Goal (3) builds upon results from the other objectives and will, therefore, be started in the coming year.'

Research conducted in 1996 to evaluate (1) changes in GBD signs in juvenile salmonids resulting from passage through turbine intakes and bypass systems, and (2) relative survival during migration through the lower Snake River for juvenile salmonids experimentally exposed to supersaturation of dissolved gas.

The Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. (Energy Systems) policy is to provide a safe and healthful workplace for all employees and subcontractors. The accomplishment of this policy requires that operations at the Gunite and Associated Tanks (GAAT) in the North and South Tank Farms (NTF and STF) at the Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge National Laboratory are guided by an overall plan and consistent proactive approach to health and safety (H and S) issues. The policy and procedures in this plan apply to all GAAT operations in the NTF and STF. The provisions of this plan are to be carried out whenever activities identifies s part of the GAAT are initiated that could be a threat to human health or the environment. This plan implements a policy and establishes criteria for the development of procedures for day-to-day operations to prevent or minimize any adverse impact to the environment and personnel safety and health and to meet standards that define acceptable management of hazardous and radioactive materials and wastes. The plan is written to utilize past experience and best management practices in order to minimize hazards to human health or the environment from events such as fires, explosions, falls, mechanical …

We show how the spatial phase modulation of weak second-harmonic signals controls the overall direction of propagation of spatial solitons in quadratic nonlinear media. We investigate numerically such a process and discuss its applications to all-optical beam routing. 5 refs., 3 figs.

Fuel economy data contained in the 1996 California Air Resources Board (CARB) report with respect to the introduction of California Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG) has been examined and reanalyzed by two additional statistical methodologies. Additional data has also been analyzed by these two statistical approaches. Within the assumptions of the analysis, point estimates for the reduction in fuel economy using CaRFG as compared to conventional, non-reformulated gasoline were 2-4%, with a 95% upper confidence bound of 6%. Substantial variations in fuel economy are routine and inevitable due to additional factors which affect mileage, even if there is no change in fuel reformulation. This additional analysis confirms the conclusion reached by CARB with respect to the impact of CaRFG on fuel economy.

Fuel economy data contained in the 1996 California Air Resources Board (CAROB) report with respect to the introduction of California Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG) has been examined and reanalyzed by two additional statistical methodologies. Additional data has also been analyzed by these two statistical approaches. Within the assumptions of the analysis, point estimates for the reduction in fuel economy using CaRFG as compared to conventional, non-reformulated gasoline were 2-4 %, with a 95% upper confidence bound of 6 %. Substantial variations in fuel economy are routine and inevitable due to additional factors which affect mileage, even if there is no change in fuel reformulation. This additional analysis confirms the conclusion reached by CAROB with respect to the impact of CaRFG on fuel economy.

This paper studies the application of insulated pressure vessels for hydrogen-fueled light-duty vehicles. Insulated pressure vessels can store liquid hydrogen (LH2); low-temperature (90 K) compressed hydrogen (CH2); or ambient temperature CH2. In this analysis, hydrogen temperatures, pressures and venting losses am calculated for insulated pressure vessels fueled with LH2 or with low-temperature CH2, and the results are compared to those obtained in low-pressure LH2 tanks. Hydrogen losses are calculated as a function of daily driving distance during normal operation; as a function of time during long periods of vehicle inactivity; and as a function of initial vessel temperature during fueling. The number of days before any venting losses occur is also calculated as a function of the daily driving distance. The results show that insulated pressure vessels have packaging characteristics comparable to those of conventional, low-pressure LH2 tanks (low weight and volume), with greatly improved dormancy and much lower boil-off. Insulated pressure vessels used in a 17 km/l (40 mpg) car do not lose any hydrogen when the car is driven at least 15 km/day in average. Since almost all cars are driven for longer distances, most cars would never lose any hydrogen. Losses during long periods of parking are …

The experimental representation of the fusion barrier distribution from the second derivative, d{sup 2}(E{sigma}{sub fus})/dE{sup 2}, was the basis for a series of precise measurements of the fusion excitation function. As an alternative approach, it has been proposed recently that the first derivative of the compounds nucleus (CN) spin distribution is equivalent to d{sup 2}(E{sigma}{sub fus})/dE{sup 2}. Multiplicity distributions for the reactions {sup 64}Ni+{sup 100}Mo and {sup 32}S+{sup 110}Pd have been measured making use of the Argonne/Notre Dame-BGO-array and GASP, respectively. In particular, the influence of fission on the high spin tail of the spin distribution and the consequences for the experimental representation of the distribution of barriers is discussed for {sup 64}Ni+{sup 100}Mo.

This document serves as a guide for using the TWRS Technical Baseline Database Management Systems Engineering (SE) support tool in performing SE activities for the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS). This document will provide a consistent interpretation of the relationships between the TWRS Technical Baseline Database Management software and the present TWRS SE practices. The Database Manager currently utilized is the RDD-1000 System manufactured by the Ascent Logic Corporation. In other documents, the term RDD-1000 may be used interchangeably with TWRS Technical Baseline Database Manager.

This paper presents a new non-associative algebra which is used to (1) show how the spectator (or Gross) two-body equations and electromagnetic currents can be formally derived from the Bethe-Salpeter equation and currents if both are treated to all orders, (2) obtain explicit expressions for the Gross two-body electromagnetic currents valid to any order, and (3) prove that the currents so derived are exactly gauge invariant when truncated consistently to any finite order. In addition to presenting these new results, this work complements and extends previous treatments based largely on the analysis of sums of Feynman diagrams.

Meson exchange diagrams following from a lagrangian with off-shell meson-nucleon couplings are compared with those generated from conventional dynamics. The off-shell interactions can be transformed away with the help of a nucleon field redefinition. Contributions to the NN- and 3N-potentials and nonminimal contact e.m. meson-exchange currents are discussed, mostly for an important case of scalar meson exchange.

A suite of 41 criticality benchmarks has been modeled using MCNP{trademark} (version 4B). Most of the assembly specifications were obtained from the Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG) and the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) compendiums of experimental benchmarks. A few assembly specifications were obtained from experimental papers. The suite contains thermal and fast assemblies, bare and reflected assemblies, and emphasizes {sup 233}U, {sup 235}U, {sup 238}U, and {sup 239}Pu. The values of k{sub eff} for each assembly in the suite were calculated using MCNP libraries derived primarily from release 2 of ENDF/B-V and release 2 of ENDF/B-VI. The results show that the new ENDF/B-VI.2 evaluations for H, O, N, B, {sup 235}U, {sup 238}U, and {sup 239}Pu can have a significant impact on the values of k{sub eff}. In addition to the integral quantity k{sub eff}, several additional experimental measurements were performed and documented. These experimental measurements include central fission and reaction-rate ratios for various isotopes, and neutron leakage and flux spectra. They provide more detailed information about the accuracy of the nuclear data than can k{sub eff}. Comparison calculations were performed using both ENDF/B-V.2 and ENDF/B-VI.2-based data libraries. The purpose of this paper is to compare …

Two cleaning processes, one aqueous and one nonaqueous, were investigated as potential replacements for the vapor degreasing process using 1,1,1 trichloroethane (TCA) for hybrid microcircuit assemblies. The aqueous process was based upon saponification chemistry. A 10% solution of either Kester 5768 or Armakleen 2001, heated to 140 F, was sprayed on the hybrid at 450 psig and a flow rate of 5 gpm through a specially designed nozzle which created microdroplets. The nonaqueous process was based upon dissolution chemistry and used d-limonene as the solvent in an immersion and spray process. The d-limonene solvent was followed by an isopropyl alcohol spray rinse to remove the excess d-limonene. The aqueous microdroplet process was found to be successful only for solder reflow profiles that did not exceed 210 C. Furthermore, removal of component marking was a problem and the spray pressure had to be reduced to 130 psig to eliminate damage to capacitor end caps. The d-limonene cleaning was found to be successful for solder reflow temperature up to 250 C when using a four-step cleaning process. The four steps included refluxing the hybrid at 80 C, followed by soaking the hybrid in d-limonene which is heated to 80 C, followed by …

The goal of this effort was to design, develop, and demonstrate an integrated turbine genset suitable for the power generation requirements of a hybrid automotive propulsion system. The result of this effort would have been prototype generator hardware including controllers for testing and evaluation by Allison Engine Company. The generator would have been coupled to a suitably sized and configured gas turbine engine, which would operate on a laboratory load bank. This effort could lead to extensive knowledge and design capability in the most efficient generator design for hybrid electric vehicle power generation and potentially to commercialization of these advanced technologies. Through the use of the high-speed turbines as a power source for the hybrid-electric vehicles, a significant reduction in nitrous oxides emissions would be achieved when compared to those of conventional gas powered vehicles.