Experiments in high energy physics require high density and high speed mass storage. Mass storage is needed for data logging during the online data acquisition, data retrieval and storage during the event reconstruction and data manipulation during the physics analysis. This paper examines the storage and speed requirements at the first two stages of the experiments and suggests a possible starting point to deal with the problem. 3 refs., 3 figs.

Transient radiated fields due to impulsively excited apertures and aperture response due to incident impulsive waves has been the subject of considerable research in acoustics over the last decade. This research is also of importance to wideband radar. Medical ultrasound steered phased arrays use transmitted pulses consisting of from 1 to 3 cycles of a damped sinusoid, which is similar to certain radar systems. As will be shown, planar arrays using ultra-wide band pulses may be formed with very sparsely spaced elements. This makes feasible very high resolution, economical, and relatively simple, steered beam phased arrays. The resolution may be increased simply by moving the array elements further apart. Grating lobes due to aliasing are not formed when the elements are sparsely spaced. In a very sparse wide band array, element spacing effects the form, or signal shape in time, rather than the peak amplitude of the sidelobe structure. The number of elements in the aperture determines the peak sidelobe level which, in theory, may be decreased without limit. 13 refs., 7 figs.

A characterization study was performed on monosodium titanate (MST) particles to determine the effect of high shear forces expected from the In-Tank Precipitation (ITP) process pumps on the particle size distribution. The particles were characterized using particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). No significant changes in particle size distributions were observed between as-received MST and after 2--4 hours of shearing. Both as-received and sheared MST particles contained a large percentage of porosity with pore sizes on the order of 500 to 2,000 Angstroms. Because of the large percentage of porosity, the overall surface area of the MST is dominated by the internal surfaces. The uranium and plutonium species present in the waste solution will have access to both interior and exterior surfaces. Therefore, uranium and plutonium loading should not be a strong function of MST particle size.

This report the following: How to use the ace program?; Introduction to the ace program; Online command; Define a macro file; Macro commands; Counters and MCA; Counters usage; Counters database; Feedback Counter Database; MCA functions and macro command; X window Interclient Communication; and How to get around in UNIX?

The initial pilot-scale testing of two additives was completed at CONSOL`s research coal combustor. The results and conclusions from this test series and subsequent analysis of the data are presented in this report. Table 1 summarizes the conditions tested. During the tests, the research combustor was firing a medium-sulfur coal. The combustor had recently been retrofitted with low-NOx burners for a DOE Clean Coal test program. Operation of the low-NOx burners required a reduced flow rate in the combustor, resulting in lower flow and velocity in the ESP. A comprehensive baseline condition was tested, followed by initial screening runs for several additives. It was discovered that the flyash exhibited properties characteristic of a high-resistivity ash. In-situ measurements at the ESP inlet confirmed that the resistivity was in the 10{sup 10} -- 10{sup 12} ohm-cm range. In addition, the ESP plate rappers were not able to remove ash buildup on the first section during normal operation. Power off rapping was periodically required to fully clean the plates; this is a clear indication of high-resistivity conditions. Since the major benefit of ESP additives will be to reduce reentrainment at low to midrange resistivity, this operating condition was undesirable for performance testing. It …

This document identifies the test specification and test requirements for the 200 Area Treated Effluent Disposal Facility (200 Area TEDF) operational testing activities. These operational testing activities, when completed, demonstrate the functional, operational and design requirements of the 200 Area TEDF have been met.

We present a selective summary of the discussions on beam-beam-driven synchrobetatron resonances at the 6th Advanced ICFA Beam Dynamics Workshop on the subject ``Synchro-Betatron Resonances,`` held in Funchal (Madeira, Portugal), October 24--30, 1993.

This CSER justifies the Limited Control Facility designation for the closed Burning Hood in the PFP 232-Z Incinerator Facility. If the Burning Hood is opened to characterize the plutonium distribution and geometric integrity of the internals or for disassembly of the internals, then the more rigorous Fissionable Material Facility classification is required. Two sets of requirements apply for personnel access, criticality firefighting category for water use, and fissile material movement for the two states of the Burning Hood. The parameters used in the criticality analysis are listed to establish the limits under which this CSER is valid. Determination that the Burning Hood fissile material, moderation, or internal arrangements are outside these limits requires reevaluation of these parameter values and activities at the 232-Z Incinerator Facility. When the Burning Hood is open, water entry is to be prevented by two physical barriers for each water source.

The purpose of this report is to provide the basis for answers to an Unreviewed Safety Question (USQ) safety evaluation for the gas and liquid sampling activities associated with the fuel characterization program at the 100 K West (KW) fuel storage basin. The scope of this safety evaluation is limited to the movement of canisters between the main storage basin, weasel pit, and south loadout pit transfer channel (also known as the decapping station); gas and liquid sampling of fuel canisters in the weasel pit; mobile laboratory preliminary sample analysis in or near the 105 KW basin building; and the placement of sample containers in an approved shipping container. It was concluded that the activities and potential accident consequences associated with the gas and liquid sampling of 100 KW fuel canisters are bounded by the current safety basis documents and do not constitute an Unreviewed Safety Question.

The purpose of this report is to provide the basis for answers to an Unreviewed Safety Question (USQ) safety evaluation of the 105K East (KE) and 105K West (KW) in-basin activities associated with the fuel characterization program as described in the characterization shipping plan. The significant activities that are common to both 105 KE and 105 KW basins are the movement of canisters from their main basin storage locations (or potentially from the 105 KE Tech View Pit if a dump table is available) to the south loadout pit transfer channel, hydrogen generation testing in the single element fuel container, loading the single element fuel container into the shipping cask, loading of the shipping cask onto a flat-bed trailer, return of the test fuel elements or element pieces from the 327 facility, placement of the fuel elements back into Mark 2 canisters, and placement of the canisters in the main storage basin. Decapping of canisters in the south loadout pit transfer channel and re-encapsulation of canisters are activities specific to the 105 KW basin. The scope of this safety evaluation includes only those characterization fuel shipment activities performed in the 105 KE and 105 KW fuel storage basin structures up …

N-Reactor spent fuel elements will be removed from the sealed fuel storage canisters in the KW Basin and shipped to the 300 Area hot cells for characterization studies. Some of the canisters contain broken fuel elements exposing metallic uranium to the canister water. The exposed uranium surfaces have reacted with the water releasing fission product nuclides to the canister water. The extent of this release is unknown, but large radionuclide inventories could cause significant releases to the basin water. To avoid this, a method is needed to evaluate the magnitude of the canister water radioactivity to help make decisions about which canisters should not be opened for fuel sampling. The objective of this document is to provide a conceptual description of the process for obtaining and evaluating gas and liquid samples from KW fuel canisters in support of fuel characterization shipments. Also described are the decisions regarding the acceptability of a sample, the actions to be taken to obtain an acceptable sample, and the logical leading to decisions about opening canisters for fuel characterization sampling. This document will help guide a safety analysis of the liquid sampling process and the development of detailed procedures for the process. Outside the scope …

The Winter Fuels Report is intended to provide concise, timely information to the industry, the press, policymakers, consumers, analysts, and State and local governments on the followings topics: distillate fuel oil net production, imports and stocks on a US level and for all Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PASS) and product supplied on a US level; propane net production, imports and stocks on a US level and for PADD`s I, II, and III; natural gas supply and disposition and underground storage for the US and consumption for all PADD`s; as well as selected National average prices; residential and wholesale pricing data for heating oil and propane for those States participating in the joint Energy Information Administration (EIA)/State Heating Oil and Propane Program; crude oil and petroleum price comparisons for the US and selected cities; and a 6--10 Day, 30-Day, and 90-Day outlook for temperature and precipitation and US total heating degree-days by city.

A characterization study was performed on monosodium titanate (MST) particles to determine the effect of high shear forces expected from the In-Tank Precipitation (ITP) process pumps on the particle size distribution. The particles were characterized using particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). No significant changes in particle size distributions were observed between as-received MST and after 2--4 hours of shearing. Both as-received and sheared MST particles contained a large percentage of porosity with pore sizes on the order of 500 to 2,000 Angstroms. Because of the large percentage of porosity, the overall surface area of the MST is dominated by the internal surfaces. The uranium and plutonium species present in the waste solution will have access to both interior and exterior surfaces. Therefore, uranium and plutonium loading should not be a strong function of MST particle size.

Microprocessor farms have been successfully employed in high energy physics for both offline analysis and online triggers. As the experiments continue to grow in size, so do the demands for processing power. The preliminary indications are that the large collider experiments will require at least a million VAX-11/780 equivalents of processing power for online trigger decisions and offline event reconstruction. This paper examines the current technology trends and projects the processing power that may be expected with the current farm architectures. 3 refs., 6 figs.

This report the following: How to use the ace program ; Introduction to the ace program; Online command; Define a macro file; Macro commands; Counters and MCA; Counters usage; Counters database; Feedback Counter Database; MCA functions and macro command; X window Interclient Communication; and How to get around in UNIX

SiC and AlN are two of the important high temperature structural ceramics. AlN and the 2H polytype of SiC are isostructural. Prior work has shown that they form an extension solid solution at temperatures {ge} 2000{degrees}C. At lower temperatures, the solid solution can undergo phase separation. Additionally, Al{sub 2}OC is also isostructural and can form extensive solid solutions with SiC and AlN. The formation of solid solutions in such refractory materials as well as the tendency to undergo diffusional phase transformations suggests that a potential exists to improve properties through alloying. The principal objective of the proposed work is to examine phase relations, phase transformations, the resulting precipitate morphologies and their influence on mechanical properties of SiC-AlN-Al{sub 2}OC ceramics. Formation of modulated structures have been documented in SiC-AlN ceramics in our work. It has been shown that modulations occur along directions other than the (0001) direction and this results in the formation of a tweed type of a microstructure. In the AlN-Al{sub 2}OC system, the occurrence of cellular precipitates as well as coherent, disc-shaped precipitates has been observed. During the past year, work has progressed in the following areas: (1) Phase separation in SiC-AlN system: The effect of coherency strain …

Realization of practical multi-kilowatt Nd:garnet lasers will require the scale-up of crystal dimensions as well as more powerful pumping sources. A high average power zigzag slab crystal amplifier testing facility has been established at LLNL which employs two 100 kW{sub e} vortex stabilized arc lamps, cooled reflectors and a cooled, spectrally filtered, crystal slab mounting fixture. The operational characteristics of the first crystal laser to be tested in this setup, a Nd:GGG zigzag oscillator, are presented. A Nd:GGG crystal of dimensions 18 {times} 7 {times} 0.5 cm{sup 3}, doped at 2 {times} 10{sup 20} cm{sup {minus}3} Nd{sup 3+} atomic density, was pumped by up to 40 kW of filtered argon line emission. A small-signal single pass gain (losses excluded) of 1.09 was measured with a probe laser when the DC input to the lamps was 43 kW{sub e}. Our power supply was then modified to operate in a pulsed mode and provided one to three milliseconds pulses at 120 Hz. An average optical output power of 490 watts was obtained at a lamp input power of 93 kW{sub e} in an unoptimized resonator. The laser output power declined after a few tens of seconds since the slab tips were not …

In this paper the effect of changing from the traditional NTP coolant, hydrogen, to several alternative coolants were studied. Hydrogen is generally chosen as an NTP coolant, since its use maximizes the specific impulse for a given operating temperature. However, there are situations in which it may not be available or optimal. The alternative coolants which were considered are ammonia, methane, and carbon dioxide. A particle bed reactor (PBR) generating 200 MW and cooled by hydrogen was used as the baseline against which all the comparisons were made. Both 19 and 37 element cores were considered. The larger number of elements was found to be necessary in the case of carbon dioxide. The coolant reactivity worth was found to be directly proportional to the hydrogen coolant content. It was found that due to differences in the thermophysical proportions of the coolant that it would not be possible to use one reactor for all the coolants. The reactor would have to be constructed specifically for a coolant type.

The purpose of this analysis is to calculate the number densities for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) to be used in criticality evaluations of the Multi-Purpose Canister (MPC) waste packages. The objective of this analysis is to provide material number density information which will be referenced by future MPC criticality design analyses, such as for those supporting the Conceptual Design Report.

This note describes a method for making estimates of the effect of neutron "punch through" in geometries where transverse penetrations exist in shielding. The primary motivation here is concern in geometries involving labyrinths. The attenuation of labyrinth formula is extremely large in the second and subsequent legs of a labyrinth which may result in the actual dose in these legs being dominated by punch through.

The bulk thermal conductivity of several epoxy mixtures was measured with a setup at Lab D. Samples are prepared by using two aluminum cylinders of 3/4-inch diameter. The cylinders have holes drilled in them for insertion of temperature sensors (0.040-inch diameter thermistors), a heating element (standard resistor), and a tapped hole for heat sinking to a plate. The two cylinders are held together during gluing, and the thickness of the glue bead is controlled by using a shim of kapton tape, nominally 3.5 mils thickness per ply of tape. A resistor is glued into the hole using 5 minute epoxy. Care is taken to avoid shorting the leads to the aluminum cylinder. Once the sample is prepared, the sample is fixed to the heat sink using the tapped hole provided. Thermistors are carefully inserted into the four holes. Once set up, the data acquisition program is run for a half-hour prior to turning on the heater power. This is done to ensure that all temperatures stabilize, and this is checked when doing the analysis. The power is then turned on and run until the temperatures have stabilized, which takes two additional hours. The data acquisition program outputs the four measured …

In order to help answer questions about the magnitude of heat flux to the liquid argon in a liquid argon calorimeter which could cause boiling (bubbles), calculations estimating the heat flux which can be removed by free convection were made in February, 1988. These calculations are intended to be an estimate of the heat flux above which boiling would occur. No formal writeup was made of these calculations, although the graph dated 3 Feb 88 and revised (adding low-velocity forced convection lines) 19 Feb 88 was presented in several meetings and widely distributed. With this description of the calculations, copies of the original graph and calculations are being added to the D0 Engineering Note files. The liquid argon surface is in equilibrium with argon vapor at a pressure of 1.3 bar, so the surface is at 89.70 K. The liquid is entirely at this surface temperature throughout the bulk of the volume, except locally where it is warmed by a solid surface at a higher temperature than the bulk liquid. This surface temperature is taken to be the boiling temperature of argon at the pressure corresponding to 1.3 bar plus the liquid head; hence it is a function of depth …

This engineering note documents the design of the heat exchanger support brackets. The heat exchanger is roughly 40 feet long, 22 inches in diameter and weighs 6750 pounds. It will be mounted on two identical support brackets that are anchored to a concrete wall. The design calculations were done for one bracket supporting the full weight of the heat exchanger, rounded up to 6800 pounds. The design follows the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Manual of steel construction, Eighth edition. All calculated stresses and loads on welds were below allowables.

The authors estimate how thermomechanical processes affect the spatial variability of fracture permeability for a 3-D model representing Topopah Spring tuff at the nuclear-waste repository horizon in Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Using a finite-difference code, they compute thermal stress changes. They evaluate possible permeability enhancement resulting from shear slip along various mapped fracture sets after 50 years of heating, for rock in the near-field environment of the proposed repository. The results indicate permeability enhancement of a factor of 2 for regions about 10 to 30 m above drifts, for north-south striking vertical fractures. Shear slip and permeability increases of a factor of 4 can occur in regions just above drifts, for east-west striking vertical fractures. Information on how permeability may change over the lifetime of a geologic repository is important to the prediction and evaluation of repository performance.