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Endangered Species Act Amendments: An Analysis of S. 1180 and H.R. 2351
Because of wide-spread interest in possible amendments to the Endangered Species Act (ESA), CRS has received numerous requests for an analysis and critique of S.1180 and H.R. 2351. This report analyzes those bills. HR. 2351 was introduced on July 31, 1997 and S. 1180 on September 16, 1997. Each bill is discussed under various topic headings. The Senate bill will be described first, since it has been reported.
Date:
March 2, 1998
Creator:
Baldwin, Pamela & Corn, M. Lynne
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Air Quality and Motor Vehicles: An Analysis of Current and Proposed Emission Standards
The extent to which emissions from motor vehicles and the amount of sulfur in commercial gasoline should be regulated has become a controversial issue. The EPA is proposing national limits on gasoline sulfur levels which would become effective in 2004. This report provides background information on the regulation of vehicle emissions in the United States, analyzes key elements of the National Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) program and the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Tier 2 proposal, summarizes major views on the proposal that have been expressed by the automobile industry, the oil refining industry, and some environmental organizations, and discusses relevant legislative activity in the 106th Congress.
Date:
September 2, 1999
Creator:
Bearden, David M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Animal Agriculture: Issues for the 106th Congress
This report discusses a variety of animal agriculture issues that generated debate during the 106th Congress, including low livestock prices, especially for hogs. Economic difficulties have revived questions such as the impacts of consolidation in the livestock industry, and the price effects of animal imports from Canada and Mexico. This report also discusses a number of legislative proposals to assist livestock producers and enforce sanitary and phytosanitary standards, as well as continuing trade disputes and negotiations with China, the European Union, New Zealand, and Australia.
Date:
September 2, 1999
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The New Welfare Law: Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
None
Date:
September 2, 1997
Creator:
Burke, Vee
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The New Welfare Law: Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
None
Date:
September 2, 1997
Creator:
Burke, Vee
System:
The UNT Digital Library
White-Collar Crime: A Conceptual
None
Date:
February 2, 1994
Creator:
Cavanagh, Suzanne & Teasley, David
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Use Of Union Dues For Political Purposes: A Legal Analysis
This report provides a legal analysis of the use of union dues for political purposes.
Date:
June 2, 1997
Creator:
Contrubis, John & Lee, Margaret Mikyung
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Use of Union Dues for Political Purposes: A Legal Analysis
None
Date:
June 2, 1997
Creator:
Contrubis, John & Lee, Margaret Mikyung
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan-U.S. Trade Negotiations Under the Framework: Status and Alternative Approaches
It has been more than a year since the United States and Japan established their bilateral framework for trade negotiations and other economic relations. The framework set down rules and deadlines to address various economic issues, particularly market access in Japan for U.S. exports and the Japanese global trade surplus. The two sides have failed to reach agreements on any of the major issues. The United States is left with several policy options to resolve the breakdown in trade negotiations.
Date:
August 2, 1994
Creator:
Cooper, William H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japanese-U.S. Trade Relations: Cooperation or Confrontation?
With Japan the United States has had one of its most important and most difficult trading relationships. Japan ranks second to Canada as the largest U.S. export market. It is also the second largest single source of imports to the United States. Trade issues are likely to become even more important as the whole U.S.-Japanese relationship changes in the post-Cold War period. How each country views and reacts to the other is changing as economic issues replace foreign policy and national security issues as the driving force of the relationship.
Date:
February 2, 1993
Creator:
Cooper, William H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Non-Indigenous Species: Government Response to the Brown Tree Snake and Issues for Congress
Species found abundantly outside of their normal range can represent an ecological and economic hazard as great or greater than the most far-reaching efforts to protect an endangered species.
Date:
May 2, 1997
Creator:
Corn, M. Lynne
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Africa: Trade and Development Initiatives by the Clinton Administration and Congress
In February 1997, the Clinton Administration submitted the second of five annual reports on the Administration's Comprehensive Trade and Development Policy for Africa as required by section 134 of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (House Document 103-3415, Vol. 1.). On April 24, 1997, members of the African Trade and Investment Caucus introduced a bill, H.R. 1432, on U.S.-Africa trade and investment issues. In his State of the Union address in January 1998, President Clinton called on Congress to pass the trade legislation.
Date:
March 2, 1998
Creator:
Dagne, Theodore S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Africa: Trade and Development Initiatives by the Clinton Administration and Congress
This report summarizes legislation in Congress that President Clinton suggested concerning trade in Africa. Specifically, President Clinton called on Congress during his State of the Union address to pass the legislation.
Date:
March 2, 1998
Creator:
Dagne, Theodros
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Line Item Veto Act: Procedural Issues
At various times, Congress has given the President statutory authority not to spend appropriated funds. That authority was elaborated and made more systematic with the Impoundment Control Act of 1974, which permitted the President to delay the expenditure of funds (deferral authority) and to cancel funds (rescission authority). To rescind funds, the President needed the support of both houses within 45 days.
Date:
December 2, 1996
Creator:
Fisher, Louis & McMurtry, Virginia A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wilderness: Overview and Statistics
The U.S. Forest Service established the first protected "wilderness area" under its own discretion in 1924. In 1964, the Wilderness Act established the National Wilderness Preservation System, reserved to Congress the authority to designate wilderness areas, and directed the Secretaries of Agriculture and of the Interior to review certain lands for their wilderness potential. The Act also designated 54 wilderness areas with 9 million acres of Forest Service land. Congress began expanding the Wilderness System in 1968, and today, there are 631 wilderness areas, totalling nearly 104 million acres, in 44 States.
Date:
December 2, 1994
Creator:
Gorte, Ross W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fast-Track Trade Negotiating Authority: A Comparison of 105th Congress Legislative Proposals
This report provides a side-by-side comparison of the reported versions of H.R.2621 and S. 1269, 105th Congress bills that would provide the President with trade negotiating authority and accord certain resulting agreements and implementing bills expedited legislative consideration.
Date:
July 2, 1998
Creator:
Grimmett, Jeanne J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fast-Track Trade Negotiating Authority: A Comparison of 105th Congress Legislative Proposals
This report provides a side-by-side comparison of the reported versions of H.R. 2621 and S. 1269, 105 Congress bills that would provide the President with trade negotiating authority and accord certain resulting agreements and implementing bills expedited -- or “fast-track” -- legislative consideration.
Date:
July 2, 1998
Creator:
Grimmett, Jeanne J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Conventional Arms Transfers to the Third World, 1983-1990
None
Date:
August 2, 1991
Creator:
Grimmett, Richard F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Internships and Fellowships: Congressional, Federal, and Other Work Experience Opportunities
None
Date:
June 2, 1997
Creator:
Hillson, Barbara
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S.: Japan as Number One
Japan emerged as the largest foreign direct investor in the U.S. economy in 1992, despite a sharp drop in the total value and number of U.S. businesses acquired and established by foreign investors. This change in Japan's status was spurred by a slight increase in investment spending by Japanese investors combined with a decrease in the British investment position. The foreign direct investment position in U.S. businesses and real estate - or the accumulated book value of all foreign investments - increased by $5 billion in 1992, the smallest change in two decades. Economists generally believe that foreign direct investment yields positive net benefits to both the host and the investing countries. For some American firms, the foreign investment inflows have been especially beneficial because they supplied the firms with funds during times when many U.S. commercial banks were unwilling to finance them.
Date:
August 2, 1993
Creator:
Jackson, James K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Work Opportunity Tax Credit: A Fact Sheet
None
Date:
April 2, 1998
Creator:
Levine, Linda
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Work Opportunity Tax Credit: A Fact Sheet
The 104th Congress replaced the Targeted Jobs Tax Credit (TJTC, 1978-1994) with the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) in section 1201 of the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-188). This document provides basic facts about the WOTC.
Date:
April 2, 1998
Creator:
Levine, Linda
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Military Base Closures: Time for Another Round?
None
Date:
July 2, 1998
Creator:
Lockwood, David E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Clean Air Act Issues
The 104th Congress enacted four bills modifying provisions of the Clean Air Act (CAA) and held numerous oversight hearings, as EPA and the states continued to implement requirements of the Act's 1990 Amendments. The Amendments set deadlines for issuance of new regulations and attainment of air quality standards.
Date:
December 2, 1996
Creator:
McCarthy, James E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library