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Advanced Sulfur Control Concepts for Hot-Gas Desulfurization Technology
This research project examined the feasibility of a second generation high-temperature coal gas desulfurization process in which elemental sulfur is produced directly during the sorbent regeneration phase. Two concepts were evaluated experimentally. In the first, FeS was regenerated in a H2O-O2 mixture. Large fractions of the sulfur were liberated in elemental form when the H2O-O2 ratio was large. However, the mole percent of elemental sulfur in the product was always quite small (<<1%) and a process based on this concept was judged to be impractical because of the low temperature and high energy requirements associated with condensing the sulfur. The second concept involved desulfurization using CeO2 and regeneration of the sulfided sorbent, Ce2O2S, using SO2 to produce elemental sulfur directly. No significant side reactions were observed and the reaction was found to be quite rapid over the temperature range of 500°C to 700°C. Elemental sulfur concentrations (as S2) as large as 20 mol% were produced. Limitations associated with the cerium sorbent process are concentrated in the desulfurization phase. High temperature and highly reducing coal gas such as produced in the Shell gasification process are required if high sulfur removal efficiencies are to be achieved. For example, the equilibrium H2S concentration …
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
Ortiz, A. Lopez; Harrison, D. P.; Groves, F. R.; White, J. D.; Zhang, S.; Huang, W. N. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Altar to Roy Lozano]
Photograph of an altar to Roy Lozano. A layer of dry pinto beans has been spread across a wooden floor, with a pattern of dry black beans partially visible on the left side of the photograph. A glass of water and some dried meat sit in front of a black and white photograph. The photograph depicts a mustachioed man wearing a white collared dress shirt. Behind the photograph sits a black urn. Next to the urn is a vase of yellow and orange flowers.
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
Mexic-Arte Museum (Austin, Tex.)
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Portal to Texas History
[Altar to Roy Lozano]
Photograph of an altar to Roy Lozano. The altar is tall and triangular, with many streamers and flowers adorning it. Oranges, lemons, bananas, cookies, and pretzels hand from expanses of string across the altar. A multicolored blanket covers a table within the altar, upon which are laid oranges and three bottles of amber liquid. Three Day of the Dead masks are attached to the top of the altar. On the ground, a layer of pinto and black beans create a symbol. Also on the ground is a basket of cookies and cured meats, as well as four vases of yellow and orange flowers. To the left of the basket is a black and white program. Behind the altar is a mural in maroon and white, which is largely hidden by the altar.
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
Mexic-Arte Museum (Austin, Tex.)
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Bastrop Advertiser (Bastrop, Tex.), Vol. 145, No. 70, Ed. 1 Saturday, October 31, 1998
Semi-weekly newspaper from Bastrop, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
McAuley, Davis
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Characterization of SnO2 Films Prepared Using Tin Tetrachloride and Tetra Methyl Tin Precursors
We have investigated the effect of deposition conditions of SnO2 films, deposited by chemical vapor deposition using tin tetrachloride and tetramethyltin precursors, on the film properties. The type of precursor and the deposition temperature affect the morphology of the films. The structure of the films is determined by the deposition temperature: films deposited at low temperatures show a mixed SnO and SnO2 phase. The processing temperature and type of substrate determine the impurity content in the films. Electrical properties (e.g. the carrier mobility) and optical properties of the films are affected by the structure and the impurity content in these layers.
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
Dhere, R. G.; Moutinho, H. R.; Asher, S.; Li, X.; Ribelin, R.; Gessert, T. (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Corrective Action Plan for Corrective Action Unit 423: Area 3 Building 03-60 Underground Discharge Point, Tonopah Test Range, Nevada
The Corrective Action Plan provides the closure methods for Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 423: Area 3 Building 03-60 Underground Discharge Point (UDP), Tonoopah Test Range, Nevada. CAU 423 consists of the UDP and an associated discharge pipeline extending from Building 03-60. Corrective action investigations were completed in January 1998, and are documented in the Corrective Action Decision Document (US DOE, 1998). Results indicate an asymmetrical hydrocarbon plume, measuring 11 meters (m) 35 ft in length, 6 m (20 ft) in width, and 4 to 20 m (14 to 65 ft) in depth, has formed beneath the UDP and migrated westward. Petroleum hydrocarbon levels were identified above the 100 miligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) action level specified in Nevada Administrative Code (NAC) 445A (NAC 1996). The highest petroleum hydrocarbon concentration detected was 2,4000 mg/kg at 6 m, 20 ft, below surface grade as diesel. Corrective actions will consist of administrative controls and in place closure of th e UDP and its associated discharge pipeline.
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
Bechtel Nevada
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Daily Chickasha Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Vol. 97, No. 182, Ed. 1 Saturday, October 31, 1998
Newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
Settle, David
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Experiments and computational modeling of pulverized-coal ignition. Semiannual report, Apr 1, 1998--Sep 30, 1998
Under typical conditions of pulverized-coal combustion, which is characterized by fine particles heated at very high rates, there is currently a lack of certainty regarding the ignition mechanism of bituminous and lower rank coals. It is unclear whether ignition occurs first at the particle-oxygen interface (heterogeneous ignition) or if it occurs in the gas phase due to ignition of the devolatilization products (homogeneous ignition). Furthermore, there have been no previous studies aimed at determining the dependence of the ignition mechanism on variations in experimental conditions, such as particle size, oxygen concentration, and heating rate. Finally, there is a need to improve current mathematical models of ignition to realistically and accurately depict the particle-to-particle variations that exist within a coal sample. Such a model is needed to extract useful reaction parameters from ignition studies, and to interpret ignition data in a more meaningful way. The authors propose to examine fundamental aspects of coal ignition through (1) experiments to determine the ignition mechanism of various coals by direct observation, and (2) modeling of the ignition process to derive rate constants and to provide a more insightful interpretation of data from ignition experiments. They propose to use a novel laser-based ignition experiment to …
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
Chen, John C. & Owusu-Ofori, Samuel
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Final Report: Interaction of Two Electron Atoms with Light. [November 1, 1994 - October 31, 1998]
During the tenure of this grant we focused our efforts on the treatment of (1) the behavior of the negative hydrogen ion, H{sup {minus}}, in a strong laser field (whose intensity extends well into the nonperturbative regime), and (2) two-electron escape from a helium atom, He, by synchrotrons light. The calculations for H{sup {minus}} were done using perimetric coordinates {mu}, {nu}, and {omega}, which are linear combinations of the three interparticle distances, together with the three Euler angles. The algebra involved in the implementation of the perimetric coordinate system can be quite formidable. However, we formulated [1] a general and tractable decomposition of the two-electron wavefunction which greatly facilitated the algebra. A complex Sturmian-type basis set, in these coordinates, was employed. One of the main advantages of the perimetric coordinates is that the matrices representing the system's Hamiltonian and its interaction with the radiation field are sparse, so that storage requirements and the number of operations are minimized. The correlation between the electrons is fully incorporated. Indeed, perimetric coordinates are ideally suited to situations where the correlation is strong; each of the planes {mu} = 0, {nu} = 0, and {omega} = 0 has the special significance that the electrons …
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
Shakeshaft, Robin
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of mixed metal sorbent/catalysts for the simultaneous removal of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. Semiannual report, Apr 1, 1998--Oct 31, 1998
Simultaneous removal of SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} using a regenerable solid sorbent will constitute an important improvement over the use of separate processes for the removal of these two pollutants from stack gases and possibly eliminate several shortcomings of the individual SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} removal operations. The work done at PETC and the DOE-funded investigation of the investigators on the sulfation and regeneration of alumina-supported cerium oxide sorbents have shown that they can perform well at relatively high temperatures (823--900 K) as regenerable desulfurization sorbents. Survey of the recent literature shows that addition of copper oxide to ceria lowers the sulfation temperature of ceria down to 773 K, sulfated ceria-based sorbents can function as selective SCR catalysts even at elevated temperatures, SO{sub 2} can be directly reduced to sulfur by CO on CuO-ceria catalysts, and ceria-based catalysts may have a potential for selective catalytic reduction of NO{sub x} by methane. These observations indicate a possibility of developing a ceria-based sorbent/catalyst which can remove both SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} from flue gases within a relatively wide temperature window, produce significant amounts of elemental sulfur during regeneration, and use methane for the selective catalytic reduction of NO{sub x}. …
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
Akyurtlu, Dr. Ates & Akyurtlu, Dr. Jale F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The NREL Outdoor Accelerated-weathering Tracking System and Photovoltaic Module Exposure Results
This paper describes the Outdoor Accelerated-weathering Tracking System (OATS) and interim results for the first OATS study on photovoltaic (PV) modules. With two test planes measuring 1.52 x 1.83 m, OATS provides a unique solar-concentrating exposure capability. Test sample temperatures are moderated by air blowers. Water spray capability exists for wetting samples. The OATS two-axis tracker points to the sun using software calculations. Non-imaging aluminum reflectors give a nominal clear-sky optical concentration ratio of three. Field-qualification measurements in the test plane under reflector conditions showed its relative irradiance non-uniformity was '' 15% for a clear-sky summer day with '' 75 mm as the smallest distance for that non-uniformity. Exposure studies began in November 1997 on seven pairs of commercially available ribbon silicon, crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon PV modules kept at constant resistive load. The modules were periodically removed from OATS for visual inspection and solar simulator performance measurements. There were no module failures. This PV module study is ongoing and later results will be compared to other testing techniques. Through July 1998, the modules under reflector conditions received 392 MJ/m2 of total ultraviolet (TUV) exposure. That was 2.07 times the TUV exposure compared to a south-facing fixed array tilted …
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
Basso, T. S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pawhuska Journal-Capital (Pawhuska, Okla.), Vol. 88, No. 88, Ed. 1 Saturday, October 31, 1998
Semiweekly newspaper from Pawhuska, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
Gann, Sherry
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Photon and electron data for use in accelerator applications
In accelerator applications we need photon and electron data, as well as computer codes that utilize this data, in order to predict results inexpensively and safely. In this paper I will first cover the current status of available photon and electron data, with emphasize on the improved detailed that has only recently been added to our data bases. Next I will cover the availability of this data and computer codes that use it.
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
Cullen, D E
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Photovoltaics for Buildings: Key Issues in Pursuit of Market Readiness
The photovoltaic (PV) industry is rapidly beginning to recognize the market potential of the buildings sector. New PV-for-buildings products have recently become commercially available, and numerous products that are under development will be introduced within the next 5 years. To ensure that these new products will be adopted and used in common building practices, the PV industry should recognize and address important buildings industry issues. These issues include building codes and standards, after-market servicing, education, and warranties and insurance policies. Photovoltaic systems are also still very expensive. The simplest method for increasing their value for a building is to decrease the building's electrical loads through energy efficiency and conservation. Meeting these goals can only be accomplished through partnerships with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), private industry, and public institutions.
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
Hayter, S. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Scattering Studies of Non-Equilibrium Ordering Processes and Quantum Excitations
None
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
Nagler, S.E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
SEPARATION OF FISCHER-TROPSCH WAX FROM CATALYST BY SUPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION
The objective of this research project is to evaluate the potential of supercritical fluid (SCF) extraction for the recovery and fractionation of the wax product from the slurry bubble column (SBC) reactor of the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) process. The wax, comprised mostly of branched and linear alkanes with a broad molecular weight distribution up to C{sub 100}, will be extracted with a hydrocarbon solvent that has a critical temperature near the operating temperature of the SBC reactor, i.e., 200-300 C. Initial work is being performed using n-hexane as the solvent. The success of the project depends on two factors. First, the supercritical solvent must be able to dissolve the F-T wax; furthermore, this must be accomplished at conditions that do not entrain the solid catalyst. Second, the extraction must be controlled so as not to favor the removal of the low molecular weight wax compounds. That is, a constant carbon-number distribution in the wax slurry must be maintained at steady-state column operation. Three major tasks are being undertaken to evaluate our proposed SCF extraction process. Task 1: Equilibrium solubility measurements for model F-T wax components in supercritical fluids at conditions representative of those in a SBC reactor. Task 2: Thermodynamic modeling …
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
THIES, MARK C. & JOYCE, PATRICK C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
SIMULATED COAL GAS MCFC POWER PLANT SYSTEM VERIFICATION
This is the Technical Progress Report covering October 1998. All tasks have been completed, except for those discussed on the following pages. Unocal estimated the costs of dismantling and packaging the test facility for storage and shipment. The scope of work for the contract has been modified to accommodate the dismantling and packaging of the plant. An amendment to Sub-Contract No. MCP-9-UNO between M-C Power and Unocal has been executed which includes the Scope of Work in Unocal's cost estimate.
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
SO2 REMOVAL FROM FLUE GASES USING UTILITY SYNTHESIZED ZEOLITES
It is well known that natural and synthetic zeolites (molecular sieves) can adsorb gaseous SO<sub>2</sub> from flue gas and do it more efficiently than lime based scrubbing materials. Unfortunately their cost ($500-$800 per ton) has deterred their use in this capacity. It is also known that zeolites are easy to synthesize from a variety of natural and man-made materials. The overall objective of the current work has been to evaluate the feasibility of having a utility synthesize its own zeolites, on-site, from fly ash and other recycled materials and then use these zeolites to adsorb SO<sub>2</sub> from their flue gases. Work to date has shown that the efficiency of the capture process is related to the degree of crystallinity and the type of zeolite that forms in the samples. Normally, those samples cured at 150°C contained a greater proportion of zeolite and as such were more SO<sub>2</sub> adsorptive than their low-temperature counterparts. However, in order for the project to be successful, on site synthesis must remain an option, i.e. _100°C synthesis. In light of this, the experimental focus now has two aspects. First, compositions of the starting materials are being altered by blending the current suite of fly ashes with …
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
GRUTZECK, MICHAEL
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO U.S. INDEPENDENT OIL AND NATURAL GAS PRODUCERS
In pursuing its mission of helping U.S. independent oil and gas producers make timely, informed technology decisions, the Petroleum Technology Transfer Council (PTTC) functions as a cohesive national organization that implements industry's directives through active regional programs. The role of the national headquarters (HQ) organization includes planning and managing the PTTC program, conducting nation-wide technology transfer activities, and implementing a comprehensive communications effort. PTTC relies on 10 Regional Lead Organizations (RLOs) as its main program delivery mechanism to industry. Through its regions, PTTC connects with independent oil and gas producers--through technology workshops, resources centers, websites, newsletters, and other outreach efforts. The organization effectively combines federal, state, and industry funding to achieve important goals for all of these sectors. This integrated funding base, combined with industry volunteers guiding PTTC's activities and the dedication of national and regional staff, are achieving notable results. PTTC is increasingly recognized as a critical resource for information and access to technologies, especially for smaller companies. This technical progress report summarizes PTTC's accomplishments during FY98, and its strategy for achieving further growth in the future.
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Theory of RBE. Final report, January 1, 1967--October 31, 1998
The report begins with a historical survey of research activity. Next summaries of research accomplishments in the following areas are given: (1) Radiation Dose Distribution; (2) The 1-Hit Detector: Action Cross Sections; (3) Many Hit Detectors; (4) Biological Cells; (5) Implications for Radiation Protection; and (6) Implications for Radiation Oncology with Heavy Ion Beams.
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
Katz, R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Victorias energy efficiency and cogeneration project. Final report
This report describes a two-phase energy project currently contemplated for joint implementation at the Victorias Milling Company, a large sugar mill and refinery on the island of Negros in the Visayas region of the Philippines. The Energy Efficiency (EE) phase is expected to reduce of eliminate VMC`s fossil fuel consumption, which will have a direct and substantial impact on carbon emissions. Phase I is an EE project which involves the installation of equipment to reduce steam and electricity demand in the factories. Phase II, will involve retrofitting and increasing the capacity of the steam and power generation systems, and selling power to the grid. By increasing efficiency and output, the cogeneration project will allow the factory to use only bagasse sugar cane fiber waste as fuel for energy needs. The cogeneration project will also eliminate VMC`s electricity purchases and supply additional power for the island, which will offset generation capacity expansion on the island and the Visayas region.
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Weekend Picture (San Diego, Tex.), Vol. 13, No. 53, Ed. 1 Saturday, October 31, 1998
Semiweekly newspaper from San Diego, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
October 31, 1998
Creator:
Cardenas, Alfredo E.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
15th Street News (Midwest City, Okla.), Vol. 28, No. 8, Ed. 1 Friday, October 30, 1998
Newspaper from Rose State College in Midwest City, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
October 30, 1998
Creator:
Pace, Joshua
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 99, No. 197, Ed. 1 Friday, October 30, 1998
Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
October 30, 1998
Creator:
Cole, Carol
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History