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The 2.3 {angstrom} crystal structure of cholera toxin B subunit pentamer: Choleragenoid
Cholera toxin, a heterohexameric AB{sub 5} enterotoxin released by Vibrio cholera, induces a profuse secretory diarrhea in susceptible hosts. Choleragenoid, the B subunit pentamer of cholera toxin, directs the enzymatic A subunit to its target by binding to GM{sub 1} gangliosides exposed on the luminal surface of intestinal epithelial cells. We have solved the crystal structure of choleragenoid at 2.3 {Angstrom} resolution by combining single isomorphous replacement with non-crystallographic symmetry averaging. The structure of the B subunits, and their pentameric arrangement, closely resembles that reported for the intact holotoxin (choleragen), the heat-labile enterotoxin from E. coli, and for a choleragenoid-GM{sub 1} pentasaccharide complex. In the absence of the A subunit the central cavity of the B pentamer is a highly solvated channel. The binding of the A subunit or the receptor pentasaccharide to choleragenoid has only a modest effect on the local stereochemistry and does not perceptibly alter the subunit interface.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Zhang, Rong-Guang; Westbrook, M. L.; Maulik, P. R.; Reed, R. A.; Shipley, G.; Westbrook, E. M. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
225-B ion exchange piping design documentation
This document describes the interface between the planned permanent ion exchange piping system and the planned portable ion exchange system. This is part of the Waste Encapsulation and Storage Facility (WESF). In order to decouple this WESF from B-Plant and to improve recovery from a capsule leak, contaminated pool cell water will be recirculated through a portable ion exchange resin system.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Prather, M. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
309 Facility deactivation and decommisioning Criteria Completion Check Lists
To facilitate and track completion of the 309 Facility turnover criteria completion an Applicability Matrix and Criteria Completion Check Lists were prepared. The applicability matrix documents the required turnover criteria for a given area in the facility or scope of work. The applicable criteria is selected for 16 different areas. For each area a completion checklist is provided to document completion of a requirement by WHC and the Environmental Restoration Contractor.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Cornwell, B.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[1995 annual report on activity performed for the Advanced Utility Concepts Division]. Annual progress report, October 1, 1994--September 30, 1995
This report summarizes research concerned with energy storage systems and hydrogen.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1995 building energy codes and standards workshops: Summary and documentation
During the spring of 1995, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) conducted four two-day Regional Building Energy Codes and Standards workshops across the US. Workshops were held in Chicago, Denver, Rhode Island, and Atlanta. The workshops were designed to benefit state-level officials including staff of building code commissions, energy offices, public utility commissions, and others involved with adopting/updating, implementing, and enforcing building energy codes in their states. The workshops provided an opportunity for state and other officials to learn more about residential and commercial building energy codes and standards, the role of the US Department of Energy and the Building Standards and Guidelines Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Home Energy Rating Systems (HERS), Energy Efficient Mortgages (EEM), training issues, and other topics related to the development, adoption, implementation, and enforcement of building energy codes. Participants heard success stories, got tips on enforcement training, and received technical support materials. In addition to receiving information on the above topics, workshop participants had an opportunity to provide input on code adoption issues, building industry training issues, building design issues, and exemplary programs across the US. This paper documents the workshop planning, findings, and follow-up processes.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Sandahl, L. J. & Shankle, D. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1995 project of the year Hanford Environmental compliance project nomination
The completion of the Hanford Environmental Compliance (HEC) Project in December 1995 brought to a successful close a long line of major contributions to environmental cleanup. Not since the early days of the Hanford Site during and shortly after World War 11 had such a large group of diverse construction activities, with a common goal, been performed at Hanford. Key to this success was the unique combination of 14 subprojects under the HEC Project which afforded the flexibility to address evolving subproject requirements. This strategy resulted in the accomplishment of the HEC Project stakeholders` objectives on an aggressive schedule, at a $33 million cost savings to the customer. The primary objectives of the HEC Project were to upgrade selected Hanford Site facilities and systems to bring them into compliance with current environmental standards and regulations. The HEC Project contributed significantly towards the Hanford site compliance with Clean Water Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) requirements. It provided, in part, those construction activities required to comply with those requirements in the areas of liquid and solid waste treatment and disposal, waste characterization, and groundwater monitoring.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Kelly, J.R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ab initio calculation of electron excitation energies in solids
Progress in the first-principles calculation of electron excitation energies in solids is discussed. Quasiparticle energies are computed by expanding the electron self energy to first order in the screened Coulomb interaction in the so-called GW approximation. The method was applied to explain and predict spectroscopic properties of a variety of systems. Several illustrative applications to semiconductors, materials under pressure, chemisorption, and point defects in solids are presented. A recent reformulation of the method employing mixed- space functions and imaginary time techniques is also discussed.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Louie, S. G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Abilene Philharmonic Playbill: February 24, 1996
Program for an Abilene Philharmonic concert that ran from February 24th to March 9th (classical IV and Pop III) during the 46th season. It includes information about the pieces performed, artists and musicians, and advertising from local companies.
Date:
February 1996
Creator:
Abilene Philharmonic
Object Type:
Pamphlet
System:
The Portal to Texas History
ABS plastic RPCs
After investigating a number of materials, we discovered that an ABS plastic doped with a conducting polymer performs well as the resistive electrode in a narrow gap RPC (resistive plate chamber). Operating in the streamer mode, we find efficiencies of 90-96% with low noise and low strip multiplicities. We have also studied a variety of operating gases and found that a mixture containing SF{sub 6}, a non-ozone depleting gas, argon and isobutane gives good streamer mode performance, even with isobutane concentrations of 20% or less.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Ables, E.; Bionta, R.; Olson, H.; Ott, L.; Parker, E.; Wright, D. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Absorption spectra and speciation of plutonium(VI) with phosphate
Plutonium(VI)-phosphate species in aqueous solution, at pH < 2.4, formed two species: PuO{sub 2}H{sub 2}PO{sub 4}{sup +} (characterized by an 835 nm absorption band) and the solid phase PuO{sub 2}(H{sub 2}PO{sub 4}){sub 2}. The stability constant {beta} for the PuO{sub 2}H{sub 2}PO{sub 4}{sup +} species was determined to be log {beta} = 2.1 {+-} 0.1 (ionic strength = 0.6--0.9 M) and log {beta}{sup T} = 2.6 {+-} 0.15 (zero ionic strength). Four Pu(VI)-phosphate species (absorption bands at 842, 846, 857, and 866 nm) formed at pH = 2.4 to 12.2 and are characterized by polynuclear behavior, the formation of precipitates, and colloidal properties. The 842 and 846 nm species are believed to be [PuO{sub 2}(HPO{sub 4}){sub m}]{sub n} and [PuO{sub 2}(NaPO{sub 4}){sub m}]{sub n}. The 857 and 866 nm species area as yet unidentified. The speciation of plutonium with phosphate is of interest to radionuclide migration studies because phosphate is present in many groundwaters and may be used as an actinide getter in nuclear waste disposal. An actinide getter is a complexing agent that forms insoluble phases with actinides, thereby reducing their migration.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Weger, H. T. & Reed, D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Abundance and Distribution of Sea Turtles off North Carolina
Report on a study of migration patterns and density of loggerhead, leatherback, and Kemp's ridley sea turtles in order to determine the potential impact of Mobil Oil's plan to drill an exploratory well 45 miles east-northeast of Cape Hatteras, NC.
Date:
February 1996
Creator:
Keinath, J. A.; Musick, J. A. & Barnard, D. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accelerator Production of Tritium Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement Input Submittal
The Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Tritium Supply and Recycling considers several methods for the production of tritium. One of these methods is the Accelerator Production of Tritium. This report summarizes the design characteristics of APT including the accelerator, target/blanket, tritium extraction facility, and the balance of plant. Two spallation targets are considered: (1) a tungsten neutron-source target and (2) a lead neutron-source target. In the tungsten target concept, the neutrons are captured by the circulating He-3, thus producing tritium; in the lead target concept, the tritium is produced by neutron capture by Li-6 in a surrounding lithium-aluminum blanket. This report also provides information to support the PEIS including construction and operational resource needs, waste generation, and potential routine and accidental releases of radioactive material. The focus of the report is on the impacts of a facility that will produce 3/8th of the baseline goal of tritium. However, some information is provided on the impacts of APT facilities that would produce smaller quantities.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Miller, L. A.; Greene, G. A. & Boyack, B. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adsorption of radionuclides on minerals studies illustrating the effect of solid phase selectivity and of mechanisms controlling sorption processes
Currently, extensive research is being done on the geochemistry of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The purpose of this research is to determine whether this location would be suitable as a permanent high-level radioactive waste repository. Site characterization tests must prove that Yucca Mountains` geology will safely isolate radioactive waste from the environment for at least 10,000 years before approval is granted. In order for this to occur, it is necessary to study the sorptive properties of the host rock, and its selectivity in sorption of solutions containing multiple radionuclides. Validation of this must occur, because in the case of a catastrophic leak, the host rock must have properties that will retard the migration of radionuclides. Columnar experimental techniques were employed using goethite, (a hydrous iron oxide), beidellite (clay mineral), & {open_quotes}nonscents{close_quotes} (a zeolitized volcanic tuff) as sorbents. These sorbents were used to measure the isotherms of an identical binary solution (Ni-Sr) to illustrate the selectivity that occurs in different minerals. In beidellite, the sorption process was ideal, while for {open_quotes}nonscents{close_quotes} there was a strong preference for Sr{sup 2+}. The sorption process was modeled (Ni-Sr {open_quotes}Nonscents{close_quotes}) using ion exchange theory as the mechanism. In goethite, the sorption of Ni-Sr showed a complete …
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Netus, B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advance concepts for conversion of syngas to liquids. Quarterly progress report No. 4, July 30, 1995--October 29, 1995
Substitution of transition metals for either aluminum and/or phosphorus in the AlPO{sub 4}-11 framework is found to afford novel heterogeneous catalysts for liquid phase hydroxylation of phenol with hydrogen peroxide. AlPO{sub 4}-11 is more active than SAPO-11 and MgAPO-11 for phenol conversion to hydroquinone. The Bronsted acid sites of SAPO-11 and MgAPO-11 may promote the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen, thus leading to lower phenol conversions. Substitution of divalent and trivalent metal cations, such as Fe, Co and Mn appears to significantly improve the conversion of phenol. The activity follows the order of FeAPO-11>FeMnAPO-11>CoAPO-11>MnAPO-11{much_gt}ALPO{sub 4}-11. FeAPO-11, FeMnAPO-11 and AlPO{sub 4}-11 give similar product selectivities of about 1:1 hydroquitione (HQ) to catechol (CT). MnAPO-11 and CoAPO-11 favor the production of catechol, particularly at low conversions. FeAPO-11 and TS-1 (titanium silicate with MFI topology) are comparable for the phenol conversions with TS-1 giving higher selectivities toward hydroquinone. The external surfaces of the catalysts plays a significant role in these oxidation reactions. MeAPO molecular sieves may be complementary to the metal silicalite catalysts for the catalytic oxidations in the manufacture of fine chemicals.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Dai, Pei-Shing Eugene; Petty, R.H.; Ingram, C. & Szostak, R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced byproduct recovery: Direct catalytic reduction of SO{sub 2} to elemental sulfur. First quarterly technical progress report, [October--December 1995]
The team of Arthur D. Little, Tufts University and Engelhard Corporation will be conducting Phase I of a four and a half year, two-phase effort to develop and scale-up an advanced byproduct recovery technology that is a direct, single-stage, catalytic process for converting sulfur dioxide to elemental sulfur. this catalytic process reduces SO{sub 2} over a fluorite-type oxide (such as ceria or zirconia). The catalytic activity can be significantly promoted by active transition metals, such as copper. More than 95% elemental sulfur yield, corresponding to almost complete sulfur dioxide conversion, was obtained over a Cu-Ce-O oxide catalyst as part of an ongoing DOE-sponsored University Coal Research Program. This type of mixed metal oxide catalyst has stable activity, high selectivity for sulfur production, and is resistant to water and carbon dioxide poisoning. Tests with CO and CH{sub 4} reducing gases indicates that the catalyst has the potential for flexibility with regard to the composition of the reducing gas, making it attractive for utility use. the performance of the catalyst is consistently good over a range of SO{sub 2} inlet concentration (0.1 to 10%) indicating its flexibility in treating SO{sub 2} tail gases as well as high concentration streams.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Benedek, K. & Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Coal Conversion Process Demonstration Project. Quarterly technical progress report, January 1, 1994--March 31, 1994
This report describes the technical progress made on the Advanced Coal Conversion Process (ACCP) Demonstration Project from January 1, 1994, through March 31, 1994. This project demonstrates an advanced, thermal, coal drying process, coupled with physical cleaning techniques, that is designed to upgrade high-moisture, low-rank coals to a high-quality, low-sulfur fuel, registered as the SynCoal{reg_sign} process. The coal is processed through three stages (two heating stages followed by an inert cooling stage) of vibrating fluidized bed reactors that remove chemically bound water, carboxyl groups, and volatile sulfur compounds. After thermal processing, the coal is put through a deep-bed stratifier cleaning process to separate the pyrite-rich ash from the coal. Rosebud SynCoal Partnership`s ACCP Demonstration Facility entered Phase III, Demonstration Operation, in April 1992 and operated in an extended startup mode through August 10, 1993, when the facility became commercial. Rosebud SynCoal Partnership instituted an aggressive program to overcome startup obstacles and now focuses on supplying product coal to customers. Significant accomplishments in the history of the SynCoal{reg_sign} process development are shown in Appendix A.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced coal liquefaction. Quarterly technical progress report, April 1, 1995--June 30, 1995
Research on advanced coal liquefaction continued. This report contains data on several permeation runs. A silicon modified ceramic membrane was used. The pore size of the membrane was investigated.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced direct liquefaction concepts for PETC generic units, Phase 2. Quarterly technical progress report for period October--December 1995
Progress reports are presented for: Task 1 management plan; Task 2.1 laboratory support (University of Kentucky/Center for Applied Energy Research); Task 3 continuous operations/parametric studies (Hydrocarbon Technologies, Inc.); Task 4.1 process modeling; and Task 4.4 preliminary technical assessment (LDP Associates). Some of the high points for this period are: the activity of the base catalyst prepared by pressure filtration of the Wilsonville Run 262E V-1082 ashy resid was determined and compared with the conversion of coal in the absence of any added catalyst; this material was found to contain 740 mg Mo/kg; in the catalyst screening test, the pressure filtered solids that had been added to the reaction mixture to a level equivalent to the solids contained in Wilsonville Run 263J gave coal conversion of 98.2% with a resid conversion of 24%; and the effect of presulfiding conditions on activating a Mo-impregnated coal with different H{sub 2}S/H{sub 2} mixtures at different temperatures and reaction times was investigated.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced neutron source reactor conceptual safety analysis report, three-element-core design: Chapter 15, accident analysis
In order to utilize reduced enrichment fuel, the three-element-core design for the Advanced Neutron Source has been proposed. The proposed core configuration consists of inner, middle, and outer elements, with the middle element offset axially beneath the inner and outer elements, which are axially aligned. The three-element-core RELAP5 model assumes that the reactor hardware is changed only within the core region, so that the loop piping, heat exchangers, and pumps remain as assumed for the two-element-core configuration. To assess the impact of changes in the core region configuration and the thermal-hydraulic steady-state conditions, the safety analysis has been updated. This report gives the safety margins for the loss-of-off-site power and pressure-boundary fault accidents based on the RELAP5 results. AU margins are greater for the three-element-core simulations than those calculated for the two-element core.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Chen, N. C. J.; Wendel, M. W.; Yoder, G. L. & Harrington, R. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced NMR-based techniques for pore structure analysis of coal. Final project report
During the 3 year term of the project, new methods have been developed for characterizing the pore structure of porous materials such as coals, carbons, and amorphous silica gels. In general, these techniques revolve around; (1) combining multiple techniques such as small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and adsorption of contrast-matched adsorbates or {sup 129}Xe NMR and thermoporometry (the change in freezing point with pore size), (2) combining adsorption isotherms over several pressure ranges to obtain a more complete description of pore filling, or (3) applying NMR ({sup 129}Xe, {sup 14}N{sub 2}, {sup 15}N{sub 2}) techniques with well-defined porous solids with pores in the large micropore size range (>1 nm).
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Smith, D. M.; Hua, D. W. & Earl, W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced separation technology for flue gas cleanup. Quarterly technical report No. 15
The objective of this work is to develop a novel system for regenerable SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} scrubbing of flue gas that focuses on (1) a novel method for regeneration of spent SO{sub 2} scrubbing liquor and (2) novel chemistry for reversible absorption of NO{sub x}. In addition, high efficiency hollow fiber contactors (HFC) are proposed as the devices for scrubbing the SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} from the flue gas. The system will be designed to remove more than 95% of the SO{sub x} and more than 75% of the NO{sub x} from flue gases typical of pulverized coal-fired power plants at a cost that is at least 20% less than combined wet limestone scrubbing of SO{sub x} and selective catalytic reduction of NO{sub x}. In addition, the process will make only marketable byproducts, if any (no waste streams). Our approach is to reduce the capital cost by using high efficiency hollow fiber devices for absorbing and desorbing the SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x}. We will also introduce new process chemistry to minimize traditionally well-known problems with SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} absorption and desorption. For example, we will extract the SO{sub 2} from the aqueous scrubbing liquor …
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Bhown, A. S.; Pakala, N.; Riggs, T. & Tagg, T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced turbine systems program conceptual design and product development. Topical report, April 1995
Allison Engine Company has developed and verified key combustion system technologies to satisfy ATS Phase 2 performance requirements. These activities include the following: demonstration test of an ultra-lean premix module meeting the ATS 8 ppm NOx goal using natural gas fuel; design and fabrication of a second generation premix module for bench test evaluation; bench test verification of catalytically enhanced combustion; and preliminary design of the transition section that guides the combustor discharge flow from the external combustor to the turbine inlet. Allison has been executing a systematic approach in developing the combustion system technologies to insure that the ATS engine includes the benefits of advanced material and low NOx combustion technologies without placing undue risk on the overall engine development program. New technology is most easily assimilated in discrete evolutionary stages; thus Allison has structured the combustion system development plan with a series of increasingly demanding performance evaluations that demonstrate the suitability of the individual technology. The discussion summarizes the progress made in bringing advanced combustion technology to the ATS.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced turbine systems - research and development of thermal barrier coatings technology: 2nd bimonthly report, February 1996
Objective of the ATS program is the development of ultra-highly efficient, environmentally superior, and cost-competitive gas turbine systems, with long, less cyclic operating profiles than aircraft gas turbine engines. Durability and performance demands of ATS can be achieved by means of thermal barrier coatings. Phase I (program plan) is complete. Phase II is in progress.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advances in oxide-confined vertical cavity lasers
We review the advances made in device fabrication, structure, and performance of vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) which incorporate the selective oxidation of AlGaAs.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Choquette, K. D.; Schneider, R. P., Jr.; Lear, K. L.; Geib, K. M.; Hou, H. Q.; Chui, H. C. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library