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"Not an Upright Stick Remained" Oklahoma: Home of the Real Twisters (open access)

"Not an Upright Stick Remained" Oklahoma: Home of the Real Twisters

Article describes the disastrous impact of the 1897 Chandler tornado and the 1905 Synder storm, which devastated Oklahoma towns. Despite some humorous recollections of survivors, the many true tragedies as a result of the storms left an indelible mark on the community.
Date: Winter 1996
Creator: Kelley, Leo
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Osage Plea for Freedom Revisited (open access)

The Osage Plea for Freedom Revisited

Article explores the history of the Osage Nation and their connections with the Catholic religion. James D. White examines their sense of disconnectedness from their spiritual life with their relocation to Indian Territory and the complications that ensued in the wake of their request for Catholic missionaries to be sent to the area.
Date: Summer 1995
Creator: White, James D.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Otto Gray and his Oklahoma Cowboys: The Country's First Commercial Western Band (open access)

Otto Gray and his Oklahoma Cowboys: The Country's First Commercial Western Band

Article traces the success of Otto Gray and his Oklahoma Cowboys on radio and stage in the 1920s and 30s. The band was a pioneer of the cowboy image in commercial western music.
Date: Winter 1997
Creator: Chlouber, Carla
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"Our Rights, Our Country, Our Race" W. P. Ross and the Cherokee Advocate, 1844-1848 (open access)

"Our Rights, Our Country, Our Race" W. P. Ross and the Cherokee Advocate, 1844-1848

Article describes the efforts of William Potter Ross, nephew of Chief John Ross, to spread awareness about the government-mandated Cherokee removal and internal problems within the Cherokee Nation through publication of a newspaper, the Cherokee Advocate.
Date: Autumn 1992
Creator: Tattershall, Doug
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
William P. "Bill" Atkinson: The Father of Midwest City, Oklahoma (open access)

William P. "Bill" Atkinson: The Father of Midwest City, Oklahoma

Article describes the impact of city builder W. P. Atkinson in his development Midwest City, which would eventually house the workers of the Oklahoma City Air Depot and the Douglas Aircraft Company.
Date: Autumn 1999
Creator: Lee, Susan M.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
William Fremont Harn: Maverick or Mystery? (open access)

William Fremont Harn: Maverick or Mystery?

Article describes the life and influence of William Fremont Harn, an agent sent to Oklahoma Territory after the opening of the Unassigned Lands to sort out land disputes.
Date: Winter 1997
Creator: Medley, Trina
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Painted Red: The Coal Strike of 1919 (open access)

Painted Red: The Coal Strike of 1919

Article describes the impact of the Coal Miners' Strike of 1919 on U.S. government officials, and how the Red Scare that swept the nation in the wake of World War I and the rise of the Soviet Union exacerbated the situation.
Date: Summer 1997
Creator: Sewell, Steven L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
William Box Hancock: Trail Driver and Cattleman (open access)

William Box Hancock: Trail Driver and Cattleman

Article explores the life and work of William Box Hancock, a trail driver who moved cattle along the Great Western Trail in Indian Territory. Richard H. Hancock provides context to the personal accounts of his grandfather, which describe life on the trail.
Date: Winter 1998
Creator: Hancock, Richard H.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Super Chief, Humble Man: The Life of Allie P. Reynolds (open access)

Super Chief, Humble Man: The Life of Allie P. Reynolds

Article provides a biographical tribute to the life and career of Allie Pierce Reynolds, an Oklahoma-born athlete who eventually became pitcher for the New York Yankees. Max J. Nichols explores how Reynolds began to explore his own Creek heritage as time went on, and includes excerpts from his 1992 interview with the Oklahoma Historical Society.
Date: Spring 1995
Creator: Nichols, Max J.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
William Penn Adair: Cherokee Slaveholder and Indian Freedom Advocate (open access)

William Penn Adair: Cherokee Slaveholder and Indian Freedom Advocate

Article explores the seemingly paradoxical life of William Penn Adair, a mixed-blood Cherokee who was both a slaveholder at one point and an advocate for the rights of American Indians. Paul Kelton draws connections between these two aspects of his life and investigates the meaning behind his beliefs.
Date: Spring 1999
Creator: Kelton, Paul
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
An Experiment in Education: The Osage Manual Training School, Views from Letters (open access)

An Experiment in Education: The Osage Manual Training School, Views from Letters

Article describes life and schoolwork at the Osage Manual Training School and the problems faced when trying to provide instruction to Osage children. Barbara Speas Havira uses letters from the period to construct a portrait of the experience of educators and students there, as well as negative attitudes towards the Osage people.
Date: Winter 1998
Creator: Havira, Barbara Speas Havira
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Economic Beginnings: Making a Living in the Cherokee Outlet (open access)

Economic Beginnings: Making a Living in the Cherokee Outlet

Article illustrates the economic history of development in the Cherokee Outlet after the land run of 1893. Norbert R. Mahnken explores the beginnings of subsistence farming in Oklahoma, the construction of banks and other financial institutions, and the development of railroads that furthered industry and ease of access in the area.
Date: Summer 1993
Creator: Mahnken, Norbert R.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Edward W. Sweeney, '89er: "A Legend in his Time" (open access)

Edward W. Sweeney, '89er: "A Legend in his Time"

Article describes the life and career of Edward W. Sweeney, a justice of the peace, landowner, and public servant who came to Oklahoma Territory in 1889 and helped establish Oklahoma City and the town of Harrah.
Date: Autumn 1998
Creator: Jordan, Pamela G.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Comanche Captives: People Between Two Worlds (open access)

Comanche Captives: People Between Two Worlds

Article illustrates the history of conflict between white and Hispanic settlers and the Comanche Indians, providing details about the Comanche practice of raiding forts and taking human captives to trade for goods. Michael Tate explores some of the literature written by survivors of captivity as well as some of the related conflicts that occured.
Date: Autumn 1994
Creator: Tate, Michael L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Deadly Games: The Struggle for a Quarter-section of Land (open access)

Deadly Games: The Struggle for a Quarter-section of Land

Article discusses the series of disputes that occurred in the late nineteenth century over ownership of one quarter-section of land in what is now Oklahoma City. Carol H. Welsh highlights the court cases and more dangerous events surrounding these disputes and the results of the struggle at the original land office townsite.
Date: Spring 1994
Creator: Welsh, Carol Holderby
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"Dear Miss Debo": The Correspondence of E. E. Dale and Angie Debo (open access)

"Dear Miss Debo": The Correspondence of E. E. Dale and Angie Debo

Article explores the history of correspondence between Edward Everett Dale, professor and head of the Department of History at the University of Oklahoma, and Angie Debo, then teacher and doctoral student. Richard Lowitt explores the relationship between mentor and graduate student and the impact it made on Debo's career.
Date: Winter 1999
Creator: Lowitt, Richard, 1922-2018
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Destined for Duty: The Life and Diary of Bishop Theophile Meerschaert (open access)

Destined for Duty: The Life and Diary of Bishop Theophile Meerschaert

Article describes the life and priesthood of Belgian bishop Theophile Meerschaert, who took up a ministry representing the Catholic Church in the Indian and Oklahoma Territories. James D. White includes correspondence and documentation from Meerschaert and those around him in this biographical narrative.
Date: Spring 1993
Creator: White, James D.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Dusty Apocalypse and Socialist Salvation: A Study of Woody Guthrie's Dust Bowl Imagery (open access)

Dusty Apocalypse and Socialist Salvation: A Study of Woody Guthrie's Dust Bowl Imagery

Article describes the life of Woody Guthrie and its influence on the music he created during the Dust Bowl Era. Brad Lookingbill examines religious and political influences in his songs as he began to promote socialist beliefs in the face of the struggles faced by the citizens of Oklahoma in the 1930s.
Date: Winter 1994
Creator: Lookingbill, Brad
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Crisis of Command: The Hindman/Pike Controversy over the Defense of the Trans-Mississippi District (open access)

Crisis of Command: The Hindman/Pike Controversy over the Defense of the Trans-Mississippi District

Article describes the conflict that occurred between two Confederate officers, General Thomas C. Hindman and General Albert Pike, over the defense of Indian Territory. Thomas W. Kremm and Diane Neal discuss how this conflict impacted the military situation in the area.
Date: Spring 1992
Creator: Kremm, Thomas W. & Neal, Diane
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Culture Mixing: Everyday Life on Missions among the Choctaws (open access)

Culture Mixing: Everyday Life on Missions among the Choctaws

Article presents the experiences of daily life at Choctaw missions in a positive light and illustrates some of the ways whites and Choctaws experienced acculturation there.
Date: Winter 1992
Creator: Huggard, Christopher J.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Daughter of Dawn: An Original Silent Film with an Oklahoma Indian Cast (open access)

The Daughter of Dawn: An Original Silent Film with an Oklahoma Indian Cast

Article explores the story and creation process of The Daughter of Dawn, one of the earliest silent motion pictures filmed in Oklahoma. Despite being produced by whites, its cast was entirely comprised of Oklahoma Indians.
Date: Autumn 1999
Creator: Kelley, Leo
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Deadly Currents: John Ross's Decision of 1861 (open access)

Deadly Currents: John Ross's Decision of 1861

Article expounds on the situation Chief John Ross faced as leader of the Cherokees during the Civil War. Ari Kelman provides details about factionalism within the Cherokee Nation, the impossibility of neutrality during wartime with pressures from both Federal and Confederate armies, and the personal political intentions of the Cherokee leader.
Date: Spring 1995
Creator: Kelman, Ari
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Braden Site: WPA Excavations at a Plains Village (open access)

The Braden Site: WPA Excavations at a Plains Village

Article describes the results of the 1937 and 1941 Works Progress Administration excavations of the Braden Site on the Washita River. Robert L. Brooks explains the evidence related to the Southern Plains villagers who had settled there between 800 and 1500 A.D.
Date: Summer 1992
Creator: Brooks, Robert L.
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Altus Air Force Base: Sentinel of Southwest Oklahoma (open access)

Altus Air Force Base: Sentinel of Southwest Oklahoma

Article describes the efforts of city officials to institute a flight training center at Altus, Oklahoma, and the resulting success of Altus Army Air Field and its training initiatives, particularly its contribution in training pilots for World War II combat.
Date: Autumn 1997
Creator: Kelley, Leo
Object Type: Article
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History