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Abortion Procedures (open access)

Abortion Procedures

The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 1997, H.R. 1122 was vetoed by President Clinton on October 10, 1997. This legislation would have made it a federal crime, punishable by fine and/or incarceration, for a physician to perform a partial birth abortion unless it was necessary to save the life of a mother whose life is endangered by a physical disorder, illness, or injury. The partial-birth abortion legislation has stimulated a great deal of controversy. This report provides a brief overview of the abortion methods currently in use for which data have been published and some positions on the partial birth abortion legislation.
Date: November 17, 1997
Creator: Stith-Coleman, Irene
System: The UNT Digital Library
Older Americans Act: 105th Congress Issues (open access)

Older Americans Act: 105th Congress Issues

None
Date: October 28, 1997
Creator: O'Shaughnessy, Carol
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medicare: Payments to HMOs and Other Private Plans Under the Medicare+Choice Program (open access)

Medicare: Payments to HMOs and Other Private Plans Under the Medicare+Choice Program

This report describes how payments will be calculated under the Medicare+Choice program established under the new law.
Date: September 18, 1997
Creator: Smith, Madeleine T.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medicare: Private Contracts (open access)

Medicare: Private Contracts

This report discusses private contracting for medicare,which is the term used to describe situations where a physician and a patient agree not to submit a claim for a service which would otherwise be covered and paid for by Medicare.
Date: October 21, 1997
Creator: O'Sullivan, Jennifer & Echeverria, Cecilia O
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medicare: Financing the Part A Hospital Insurance Program (open access)

Medicare: Financing the Part A Hospital Insurance Program

This report discusses Medicare, which consists of two distinct parts — Part A (Hospital Insurance (HI)) and Part B (Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI)). Part A is financed primarily through payroll taxes levied on current workers and their employers. Income from these taxes is credited to the HI trust fund. Part B is financed through a combination of monthly premiums paid by current enrollees and general revenues. Income from these sources is credited to the SMI trust fund.
Date: May 5, 1998
Creator: O'Sullivan, Jennifer
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medicare Expansion: President Clinton's Proposals to Allow Coverage Before Age 65 (open access)

Medicare Expansion: President Clinton's Proposals to Allow Coverage Before Age 65

This report discusses medicare expansion; President Clinton's proposal to allow people ages 62 through 64 to buy into Medicare if they do not have access to employer-sponsored or federal health insurance.
Date: March 31, 1998
Creator: Lyke, Bob; Fuchs, Beth C.; O'Sullivan, Jennifer & Smith, Madeleine T.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medicare: Payments to Physicians (open access)

Medicare: Payments to Physicians

This report discusses payments for physicians services under Medicare that are made on the basis of a fee schedule.
Date: January 28, 1998
Creator: O'Sullivan, Jennifer
System: The UNT Digital Library
Medicare: Changes to Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA 97, P.L. 105-33) Provisions (open access)

Medicare: Changes to Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA 97, P.L. 105-33) Provisions

This report summarizes the major provisions of the agreement between the by House and Senate negotiators on the Medicare provisions.
Date: November 19, 1999
Creator: O'Sullivan, Jennifer; Merck, Carolyn L.; Smith, Madeleine T. & Tilson, Sibyl L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Economics of Agricultural Policy (open access)

The Economics of Agricultural Policy

An English Act of 1663 imposed a duty on grain imported from abroad whenever the domestic price was below a legislatively set price floor. The English farmer enjoyed a virtual monopoly in the domestic market. By the same token, he was allowed to export grain whenever the domestic price exceeded the price floor, and, after 1673, was granted a bounty (subsidy) on grain exports.
Date: February 20, 1992
Creator: Carr, A. Barry
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aquaculture and the Federal Role (open access)

Aquaculture and the Federal Role

Aquaculture is broadly defined as the production of fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants in a controlled environment. This report discusses the growth of U.S. aquaculture in the decade preceding 1993, and the subsequent debate about what role, if any, the Federal Government should play in supporting the industry. Relevant legislation and policies are also discussed.
Date: September 9, 1993
Creator: Buck, Eugene H. & Becker, Geoffrey S.
System: The UNT Digital Library
An Introduction to Farm Commodity Programs (open access)

An Introduction to Farm Commodity Programs

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) is required to provide assistance to 20 specified agricultural commodities, to achieve three primary objectives: to support prices, supplement incomes, and manage supplies. Supporters contend that financial help to the farm sector also ensures consumers an abundant supply of reasonably priced food. But critics believe that basic U.S. farm policies, conceived in the 1930s, no longer meet the needs of modern agriculture or society as a whole. This report discusses the various programs available for different commodities.
Date: July 20, 1994
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sustainable Agriculture (open access)

Sustainable Agriculture

The term "sustainable agriculture" is used to designate both a reduced-chemical approach to farming and an alternative political viewpoint on the distribution of economic and social benefits in the farm sector. In practice, sustainable agriculture is characterized by the substitution of more intensive farm resource management--generally involving more labor--for purchased inputs of fertilizers and pesticides. It comprises a range of practices that include integrated pest management (which may include pesticide applications), nonintensive livestock production, crop rotations for pest, disease, and erosion control, and alternative tillage and planting practices to reduce soil erosion.
Date: October 25, 1995
Creator: Rawson, Jean M.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Tobacco Price Support: An Overview of the Program (open access)

Tobacco Price Support: An Overview of the Program

Over 93% of U.S. tobacco production is flue-cured and burley (both being cigarette tobacco types). These crops are particularly important to the agriculture of North Carolina (where flue-cured is grown) and Kentucky (where burley is grown). Together, these two states produce 65% of the total U.S. tobacco crop. The federal tobacco price support program is designed to support and stabilize prices for farmers. It operates through a combination of mandatory marketing quotas and nonrecourse loans. Marketing quotas limit the amount of tobacco each farmer can sell, which indirectly raises market prices. The loan program establishes guaranteed minimum prices. The law requires that the loan program operate at no net cost to the federal government. Apart from year-to-year budget impacts, no-net-cost provisions of the law are intended to assure that all loan principal plus interest will be recovered
Date: July 6, 1998
Creator: Womach, Jasper
System: The UNT Digital Library
Legal Issues Related to Livestock Watering in Federal Grazing Districts (open access)

Legal Issues Related to Livestock Watering in Federal Grazing Districts

This report discusses proposed regulations related to livestock watering in federal grazing districts.
Date: August 30, 1994
Creator: Baldwin, Pamela
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Farm Promotion ("Check-off") Programs (open access)

Federal Farm Promotion ("Check-off") Programs

This report discusses legislation establishing national generic promotion ("check-off') programs for 20 specified farm commodities. Thirteen of the 20 authorized programs are now in effect.
Date: May 3, 1996
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Conservation Reserve Program: Policy Issues for the 1995 Farm Bill (open access)

Conservation Reserve Program: Policy Issues for the 1995 Farm Bill

The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), enacted in 1985, enables producers to bid to retire highly erodible or environmentally sensitive crop land for 10 years (or longer under certain circumstances). Successful bidders receive annual rental payments, and cost-sharing and technical assistance to install approved plantings. The program was to enroll between 40 and 45 million acres before 1996. Program goals are to reduce erosion and excess production, and more recently, to provide other environmental benefits. To date, about 36.5 million acres have been enrolled.
Date: December 19, 1994
Creator: Zinn, Jeffrey A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The 1996 Farm Bill: Comparisons of Selected Provisions with Previous Law (open access)

The 1996 Farm Bill: Comparisons of Selected Provisions with Previous Law

Final congressional approval was given to H.R. 2854, the Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act, otherwise known as the "1996 farm bill," on March 28, 1996. President Clinton signed the bill into law on April 4, 1996 (P.L. 104-127). In tabular format, this CRS report lays out in descriptive, rather than legislative language, the major provisions of the new farm bill in contrast to preceding law.
Date: April 4, 1996
Creator: Library of Congress. Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division. Food and Agriculture Section.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Wheat, Feed Grains, Cotton, Rice, and Oilseeds Provisions of the Enacted 1996 Farm Bill (open access)

Wheat, Feed Grains, Cotton, Rice, and Oilseeds Provisions of the Enacted 1996 Farm Bill

None
Date: May 20, 1996
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Marketing and Regulatory Provisions of the 1996 Farm Bill (open access)

Agricultural Marketing and Regulatory Provisions of the 1996 Farm Bill

The Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-127), signed into law on April 4, for the first time grants the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) broad-based authority to establish national generic promotion ("check-off") programs for virtually any agricultural commodity. Formerly, individual programs first had to be authorized expressly by Congress. The new law also explicitly authorizes the establishment of new check-off programs for rapeseed and canola, kiwifruit, and popcorn. Other provisions require USDA to establish a new meat and poultry inspection advisory committee; deal with the collection of user fees for the inspection of agricultural imports; and authorize new guidelines to protect horses being transported to slaughter facilities, among other things.
Date: April 30, 1996
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Grazing Fees: An Overview (open access)

Grazing Fees: An Overview

This report briefly discusses charging fees for grazing private livestock on federal lands, which is a long-standing but contentious practice. Generally, livestock producers who use federal lands want to keep fees low, while conservation groups and others believe fees should be raised to approximate "fair market value."
Date: May 21, 1996
Creator: Cody, Betsy A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Conservation Compliance for Agriculture: Status and Policy Issues (open access)

Conservation Compliance for Agriculture: Status and Policy Issues

This program, known as "conservation compliance," was amended in 1990 and 1996. This paper reviews the compliance concept, the program requirements, and the implementation record. It also introduces three policy topics: the effect of compliance on erosion rates and patterns; the effectiveness and flexibility of implementation; and the possible impact of changes to commodity policies enacted in the 1996 farm bill.
Date: April 10, 1998
Creator: Zinn, Jeffrey A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Pesticide Legislation: Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (open access)

Pesticide Legislation: Food Quality Protection Act of 1996

The 104th congress enacted significant changes to the Federal Insecticide, fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), governing U.S. sale and use of pesticide products, and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), which limits pesticide residues on food. The vehicle of these changes was H.R. 1627, the "Food Quality Protection Act of 1996" (FQPA), enacted August 3, 1996, as Public Law 104-170. Under FIFRA, the new law will facilitate registrations and reregistrations of pesticides for special (so-called"minor") uses and authorize collection of maintenance fees of support pesticide reregistration. Food safety provisions will establish a single standard of safety for pesticide residue on raw and processed foods; provide information through large food retail stores to consumers about the health risks of pesticide residues and how to avoid them; preempt state and local food safety laws if they are based on concentrations of pesticide residues below recently established federal residue limits(called"tolerances"); and ensure that tolerances protect the health of infants and children.
Date: September 11, 1996
Creator: Schierow, Linda-Jo
System: The UNT Digital Library
Conservation Reserve Program: Status and Policy Issues (open access)

Conservation Reserve Program: Status and Policy Issues

The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), enacted in 1985, enables producers to bid to retire highly erodible or environmentally sensitive cropland, usually for 10 years. Participants receive annual rental and cost-sharing payments, and technical assistance to install approved plantings. Up to 36.4 million acres have been enrolled; current enrollment is estimated to be 32.9 million acres.
Date: February 24, 1997
Creator: Zinn, Jeffrey A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Farm Commodity Legislation: Chronology, 1933-98 (open access)

Farm Commodity Legislation: Chronology, 1933-98

Farm commodity programs were a product of the Great Depression. This report discusses the history of farm commodity legislation. Since 1933, Congress has required the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) to administer a variety of programs providing price support and income protection for the nations farmers.
Date: February 9, 1999
Creator: Becker, Geoffrey S.
System: The UNT Digital Library