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Physical effects of infrared quark eigenmodes in LQCD (open access)

Physical effects of infrared quark eigenmodes in LQCD

A truncated determinant algorithm is used to study the physical effects of the quark eigenmodes associated with eigenvalues below 300 MeV. This initial study focuses on coarse lattices (with O(a{sup 2}) improved gauge action), light internal quark masses and large physical volumes. Four bellweather full QCD processes are discussed: topological charge distributions, the eta prime propagator, string breaking as observed in the static energy and the rho decay into two pions.
Date: October 7, 1999
Creator: A. Duncan, E. Eichten and H. Thacker
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fabrication of high-density cantilever arrays and through-wafer interconnects (open access)

Fabrication of high-density cantilever arrays and through-wafer interconnects

Processes to fabricate dense, dry released microstructures with electrical connections on the opposite side of the wafer are described. A 10 x 10 array of silicon and polysilicon cantilevers with high packing density (5 tips/mm<sup>2</sup>) and high uniformity (<10 µm length variation across the wafer) are demonstrated. The cantilever release process uses a deep SF<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>8</sub>, plasma etch followed by a HBr plasma etch to accurately release cantilevers. A process for fabricating electrical contacts through the backside of the wafer is also described. Electrodeposited resist, conformal CVD metal deposition and deep SF<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>8</sub> plasma etching are used to make 30 µm/side square vias each of which has a resistance of 50 m(omega).
Date: November 3, 1998
Creator: A. Harley, J.; Abdollahi-Alibeik, S.; Chow, E. M.; Kenney, T. W.; McCarthy, A. M.; McVittie, J. P. et al.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Results from an FPIX0 chip bump-bonded to an atlas pixel detector (open access)

Results from an FPIX0 chip bump-bonded to an atlas pixel detector

Results are presented of tests performed on the first pixel detector readout ASIC designed at Fermilab (FPIX0).
Date: October 1, 1998
Creator: A. Mekkaoui, D. Christian, S. Kwan, J Srage and R. Yarema
System: The UNT Digital Library
Impact of the LHC beam abort kicker prefire on high luminosity insertion and CMS detector performance (open access)

Impact of the LHC beam abort kicker prefire on high luminosity insertion and CMS detector performance

The effect of possible accidental beam loss in LHC on the IP5 insertion elements and CMS detector is studied via realistic Monte Carlo simulations. Such beam loss could be the consequence of an unsynchronized abort or � in worst case � an accidental prefire of one of the abort kicker modules. Simulations with the STRUCT code show that this beam losses would take place in the IP5 inner and outer triplets. MARS simulations of the hadronic and electro-magnetic cascades induced in such an event indicate severe heating of the inner triplet quadrupoles. In order to protect the IP5 elements, two methods are proposed: a set of shadow collimators in the outer triplet and a prefired module compensation using a special module charged with an opposite voltage (antikicker). The remnants of the accidental beam loss entering the experimental hall have been used as input for FLUKA simulations in the CMS detector. It is shown that it is vital to take measures to reliably protect the expensive CMS tracker components.
Date: April 13, 1999
Creator: A.I. Drozhdin, N.V. Mokhov and M. Huhtinen
System: The UNT Digital Library
On possible use of bent crystal to improve Tevatron beam scraping (open access)

On possible use of bent crystal to improve Tevatron beam scraping

A possibility to improve the Tevatron beam halo scraping using a bent channeling crystal instead of a thin scattering primary collimator is studied. To evaluate the efficiency of the system, realistic simulations have been performed using the CATCH and STRUCT Monte Carlo codes. It is shown that the scraping efficiency can be increased and the accelerator-related backgrounds in the CDF and DØ collider detectors can be reduced by about one order of magnitude. Results on scraping efficiency versus thickness of amorphous layer of the crystal, crystal alignment and its length are presented.
Date: April 8, 1999
Creator: A.I. Drozhdin, N.V. Mokhov and V.M. Biryukov
System: The UNT Digital Library
Radiation environment resulting from Main Injector beam extraction to the NuMI beam line (open access)

Radiation environment resulting from Main Injector beam extraction to the NuMI beam line

A 120 GeV Main Injector proton beam will be delivered to the NuMI beam line at Fermilab at the rate of 3.7x 10{sup 20} per year. Realistic Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to examine the radiation environment in the beam extraction system and NuMI beam line elements. A complete 3-D model of the 160 meter extraction region has been implemented utilizing the computer code MARS. The model includes a description of the field of the electrostatic septa and POISSON calculated field maps of the Lambertson magnets and the other lattice components in the area. The beam element alignment and the source term have been simulated using the code STRUCT. Results on beam losses in the system, energy deposition in the core elements and residual dose rates on the components are presented.
Date: April 29, 1999
Creator: A.I. Drozhdin, P.W. Lucas, N.V. Mokhov, C.D. Moore and S.I. Striganov
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nonforward parton distributions (open access)

Nonforward parton distributions

Applications of perturbative QCD to deeply virtual Compton scattering and hard exclusive electroproduction processes require a generalization of usual parton distributions for the case when long-distance information is accumulated in nonforward matrix elements &lt;p{prime}{vert_bar}O(0,x){vert_bar}p&gt; of quark and gluon light-cone operators. They describe two types of nonperturbative functions parameterizing such matrix elements: double distributions F(x,y;t) and nonforward distribution functions F{_}/zeta (X;t), discuss their spectral properties, evolution equations which they satisfy, basic uses and general aspects of factorization for hard exclusive processes.
Date: April 1, 1997
Creator: A.Radyushkin
System: The UNT Digital Library
QCD sum rule calculation of {gamma}{gamma}{sup *} {r_arrow} {pi}{sup 0} transition form factor (open access)

QCD sum rule calculation of {gamma}{gamma}{sup *} {r_arrow} {pi}{sup 0} transition form factor

The authors develop a QCD sum rule analysis of the form factor F{sub {gamma}{sup *}{gamma}{sup *}{pi}{sup 0}}(q{sup 2},Q{sup 2}) in the region where virtuality of one of the spacelike photons is small q{sup 2} {much_lt} 1 GeV{sup 2} while another is large: Q{sup 2} {approx_gt} 1 GeV{sup 2}. They construct the operator product expansion suitable for this kinematic situation and obtain a QCD sum rule for F{sub {gamma}{sup *}{gamma}{sup *}{pi}{sup 0}}(0, Q{sup 2}). Their results confirm expectation that the momentum transfer dependence of F{sub {gamma}{sup *}{gamma}{sup *}{pi}{sup 0}}(0,Q{sup 2}) is close to interpolation between its Q{sup 2}=0 value fixed by the axial anomaly and Q{sup {minus}2} pQCD behavior for large Q{sup 2}. Their approach, in contrast to pQCD, does not require additional assumptions about the shape of the pion distribution amplitude {var_phi}{sub {pi}}(x). The absolute value of the 1/Q{sup 2} term obtained in this paper favors {var_phi}{sub {pi}}(x) close to the asymptotic form {var_phi}{sub {pi}}{sup as}(x) = 6f{sub {pi}}x(1{minus}x).
Date: November 1, 1995
Creator: A.V.Radyushkin & R.T.Ruskov
System: The UNT Digital Library
Micromilling of Metal Alloys with Focused Ion Beam-Fabricated Tools (open access)

Micromilling of Metal Alloys with Focused Ion Beam-Fabricated Tools

This work combines focused ion beam sputtering and ultra-precision machining as a first step in fabricating microstructure in metals and alloys. Specifically, {approx}25{micro}m diameter micro-end mills are made from cobalt M42 high-speed steel and C2 micrograin tungsten carbide tool blanks by ion beam sputtering. A 20 keV focused gallium beam defines tool cutting edges having radii of curvature &lt; 0.1{micro}m. Micro-end mills having 2, 4 and 5 cutting edges successfully machine small trenches in 6061-T4 aluminum, brass, 4340 steel and polymethyl methacrylate. Machined trench widths are approximately equal to the tool diameters and surface roughnesses (rms) are {approx}150 nm or less. Microtools are robust and operate for more than 6 hours without fracture. Results from ultra-precision machining aluminum at feed rates as high as 50 mm/minute are included.
Date: November 5, 1999
Creator: ADAMS,DAVID P.; VASILE,M.J.; BENAVIDES,GILBERT L. & CAMPBELL,ANN N.
System: The UNT Digital Library
AntiReflection Coating D (open access)

AntiReflection Coating D

Analytical expressions used to optimize AR coatings for single junction solar cells are extended for use in monolithic, series interconnected multi-junction solar cell AR coating design. The result is an analytical expression which relates the solar cell performance (through J{sub sc}) directly to the AR coating design through the device reflectance. It is also illustrated how AR coating design be used to provide an additional degree of freedom for current matching multi-junction devices.
Date: September 23, 1999
Creator: AIKEN,DANIEL J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Antireflection Coating Design for Series Interconnected Multi-Junction Solar Cells (open access)

Antireflection Coating Design for Series Interconnected Multi-Junction Solar Cells

AR coating design for multi-junction solar cells can be more challenging than in the single junction case. Reasons for this are discussed. Analytical expressions used to optimize AR coatings for single junction solar cells are extended for use in monolithic, series interconnected multi-junction solar cell AR coating design. The result is an analytical expression which relates the solar cell performance (through J{sub SC}) directly to the AR coating design through the device reflectance. It is also illustrated how AR coating design can be used to provide an additional degree of freedom for current matching multi-junction devices.
Date: November 29, 1999
Creator: AIKEN,DANIEL J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Observations of Non-Close-Packed Arrangements in Multilayers of Passivated Gold Clusters (open access)

Observations of Non-Close-Packed Arrangements in Multilayers of Passivated Gold Clusters

The stacking of second and third layers of supercrystals of self-assembled passivated gold nanoparticles has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy. We report for the first time nanoparticles occupying the twofold saddle site in the third layer.
Date: October 5, 1999
Creator: AINDOW, M.; Brown, P.; Kiely, C. J.; Wellner, A. & Wilcoxon, Jess P.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of Sodium Distribution in Phosphate Glasses Using Spin-Echo {sup 23}Na NMR (open access)

Investigation of Sodium Distribution in Phosphate Glasses Using Spin-Echo {sup 23}Na NMR

The spatial arrangement of sodium cations for a series of sodium phosphate glasses, xNa{sub 2}O(100-x)P{sub 2}O{sub 5} (x&lt;55), were investigated using {sup 23}Na spin-echo NMR spectroscopy. The spin-echo decay rate is a function of the Na-Na homonuclear dipolar coupling and is related to the spatial proximity of neighboring Na nuclei. The spin-echo decay rate in these sodium phosphate glasses increases non-linearly with higher sodium number density, and thus provides a measure of the Na-Na extended range order. The results of these {sup 23}Na NMR experiments are discussed within the context of several structural models, including a decimated crystal lattice model, cubic dilation lattice model, a hard sphere (HS) random distribution model and a pair-wise cluster hard sphere model. While the experimental {sup 23}Na spin-echo M{sub 2} are described adequately by both the decimated lattice and the random HS model, it is demonstrated that the slight non-linear behavior of M{sub 2} as a function of sodium number density is more correctly described by the random distribution in the HS model. At low sodium number densities the experimental M{sub 2} is inconsistent with models incorporating Na-Na clustering. The ability to distinguish between Na-Na clusters and non-clustered distributions becomes more difficult at higher …
Date: September 16, 1999
Creator: ALAM, TODD M.; BOYLE, TIMOTHY J.; BROW, RICHARD K.; CLICK, CAROL C.; CONZONE, SAM; McLAUGHLIN, JAY et al.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Monte Carlo Simulations of Phosphate Polyhedron Connectivity in Glasses (open access)

Monte Carlo Simulations of Phosphate Polyhedron Connectivity in Glasses

Monte Carlo simulations of phosphate tetrahedron connectivity distributions in alkali and alkaline earth phosphate glasses are reported. By utilizing a discrete bond model, the distribution of next-nearest neighbor connectivities between phosphate polyhedron for random, alternating and clustering bonding scenarios was evaluated as a function of the relative bond energy difference. The simulated distributions are compared to experimentally observed connectivities reported for solid-state two-dimensional exchange and double-quantum NMR experiments of phosphate glasses. These Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the polyhedron connectivity is best described by a random distribution in lithium phosphate and calcium phosphate glasses.
Date: December 21, 1999
Creator: ALAM,TODD M.
System: The UNT Digital Library
GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP GROUTING MATERIALS (open access)

GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP GROUTING MATERIALS

The thermal conductivity of cementitious grouts has been investigated in order to determine suitability of these materials for grouting vertical boreholes used with geothermal heat pumps. The roles of mix variables such as water/cement ratio, sand/cement ratio and superplasticizer dosage were measured. The cement-sand grouts were also tested for rheological characteristics, bleeding, permeability, bond to HDPE pipe, shrinkage, coefficient of thermal expansion, exotherm, durability and environmental impact. This paper summarizes the thermal conductivity, permeability, bonding and exotherm data for selected cementitious grouts. The theoretical reduction in bore length that could be achieved with the BNL-developed cement-sand grouts is examined. Finally, the FY 98 research and field trials are discussed.
Date: April 1, 1998
Creator: ALLAN,M.
System: The UNT Digital Library
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND OTHER PROPERTIES OF CEMENTITIOUS GROUTS (open access)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND OTHER PROPERTIES OF CEMENTITIOUS GROUTS

The thermal conductivity and other properties cementitious grouts have been investigated in order to determine suitability of these materials for grouting vertical boreholes used with geothermal heat pumps. The roles of mix variables such as water/cement ratio, sand/cement ratio and superplasticizer dosage were measured. In addition to thermal conductivity, the cementitious grouts were also tested for bleeding, permeability, bond to HDPE pipe, shrinkage, coefficient of thermal expansion, exotherm, durability and environmental impact. This paper summarizes the results for selected grout mixes. Relatively high thermal conductivities were obtained and this leads to reduction in predicted bore length and installation costs. Improvements in shrinkage resistance and bonding were achieved.
Date: May 1, 1998
Creator: ALLAN,M.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of Tracer Tests with Multirate Diffusion Models: Recent Results and Future Directions within the WIPP Project (open access)

Analysis of Tracer Tests with Multirate Diffusion Models: Recent Results and Future Directions within the WIPP Project

A series of single-well injection-withdrawal (SWIW) and two-well convergent-flow (TWCF) tracer tests were conducted in the Culebra dolomite at the WIPP site in late 1995 and early 1996. Modeling analyses over the past year have focused on reproducing the observed mass-recovery curves and understanding the basic physical processes controlling tracer transport in SWIW and TWCF tests. To date, specific modeling efforts have focused on five SWIW tests and one TWCF pathway at each of two different locations (H-11 and H-19 hydropads). An inverse parameter-estimation procedure was implemented to model the SWIW and TWCF tests with both traditional and multirate double-porosity formulations. The traditional model assumes a single diffusion rate while the multirate model uses a first-order approximation to model a continuous distribution of diffusion coefficients. Conceptually, the multirate model represents variable matrix block sizes within the Culebra as observed in geologic investigations and also variability in diffusion rates within the matrix blocks as observed with X-ray imaging in the laboratory. Single-rate double-porosity models cannot provide an adequate match to the SWIW data. Multirate double-porosity models provide excellent fits to all five SWIW mass-recovery curves. Models of the TWCF tests show that, at one location, the tracer test can be modeled …
Date: October 1, 1999
Creator: ALTMAN, SUSAN J.; HAGGERTY, ROY; MCKENNA, SEAN A. & MEIGS, LUCY C.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Motion Planning for a Direct Metal Deposition Rapid Prototyping System (open access)

Motion Planning for a Direct Metal Deposition Rapid Prototyping System

A motion planning strategy was developed and implemented to generate motion control instructions from solid model data for controlling a robotically driven solid free-form fabrication process. The planning strategy was tested using a PUMA type robot arm integrated into a LENS{trademark} (Laser Engineered Net Shape) system. Previous systems relied on a series of x, y, and z stages, to provide a minimal coordinated motion control capability. This limited the complexity of geometries that could be constructed. With the coordinated motion provided by a robotic arm, the system can produce three dimensional parts by ''writing'' material onto any face of existing material. The motion planning strategy relied on solid model geometry evaluation and exploited robotic positioning flexibility to allow the construction of geometrically complex parts. The integration of the robotic manipulator into the LENS{trademark} system was tested by producing metal parts directly from CAD models.
Date: October 18, 1999
Creator: AMES,ARLO L.; HENSINGER,DAVID M. & KUHLMANN,JOEL L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of cracking in the 241-AZ tank farm ventilation line at the Hanford Site (open access)

Evaluation of cracking in the 241-AZ tank farm ventilation line at the Hanford Site

In the period from April to October of 1988, a series of welding operations on the outside of the AZ Tank Farm ventilation line piping at the Hanford Site produced unexpected and repeated cracking of the austenitic stainless steel base metal and of a seam weld in the pipe. The ventilation line is fabricated from type 304L stainless steel pipe of 24 inch diameter and 0.25 inch wall thickness. The pipe was wrapped in polyethylene bubble wrap and buried approximately 12 feet below grade. Except for the time period between 1980 and 1987, impressed current cathodic protection has been applied to the pipe since its installation in 1974. The paper describes the history of the cracking of the pipe, the probable cracking mechanisms, and the recommended future action for repair/replacement of the pipe.
Date: October 20, 1999
Creator: ANANTATMULA, R.P.
System: The UNT Digital Library
STATUS OF THE ACCELERATOR PRODUCTION OF TRITIUM (APT) PROJECT (open access)

STATUS OF THE ACCELERATOR PRODUCTION OF TRITIUM (APT) PROJECT

None
Date: November 1, 1999
Creator: ANDERSON, J. L.; LISOWSKI, P. W. & AL, ET
System: The UNT Digital Library
DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR THE UNATTENDED MODE NDA IN PFPF (open access)

DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR THE UNATTENDED MODE NDA IN PFPF

None
Date: November 1, 1999
Creator: ASAKURA, K.; OHTANI, T. & AL, ET
System: The UNT Digital Library
Bipolaron Hopping Conduction in Boron Carbides (open access)

Bipolaron Hopping Conduction in Boron Carbides

The electrical conductivities of boron carbides, B{sub 12+x}C{sub 3{minus}x} with 0.1 &lt; x &lt; 1.7, between 300 and 1200K suggest the hopping of a nearly temperature-independent density of small (bi)polarons. The activation energies of the nobilities are low, {approx} 0.16 eV, and are nearly independent of the composition. At lower temperatures, conductivities have non-Arrhenius temperature dependencies and strong sensitivity to carbon concentration. Percolative aspects of low-temperature hopping are evident in this sensitivity to composition. Boron carbides' Seebeck coefficients are anomalous in that (1) they are much larger than expected from boron carbides' large carrier densities and (2) they depend only weakly on the carrier density. Carrier-induced softening of local vibrations gives contributions to the Seebeck coefficient that mirror the magnitudes and temperature dependencies found in boron carbides.
Date: September 20, 1999
Creator: ASELAGE, TERRENCE L.; EMIN, D. & MCCREADY, STEVEN S.
System: The UNT Digital Library
MIL-L-87177 and CLT:X-10 Lubricants Improve Electrical Connector Fretting Corrosion Behavior (open access)

MIL-L-87177 and CLT:X-10 Lubricants Improve Electrical Connector Fretting Corrosion Behavior

We have conducted a fretting research project using MIL-L-87177 and CLT: X-10 lubricants on Nano-miniature connectors. When they were fretted without lubricant, individual connectors first exceeded our 0.5 ohm failure criteria from 2,341 to 45,238 fretting cycles. With additional fretting, their contact resistance increased to more than 100,000 ohms. Unmodified MIL-L-87177 lubricant delayed the onset of first failure to between 430,000 and over 20,000,000 fretting cycles. MIL-L-87177 modified by addition of Teflon powder delayed first failure to beyond 5 million fretting cycles. Best results were obtained when Teflon was used and also when both the straight and modified lubricants were poured into and then out of the connector. CLT: X-10 lubricant delayed the onset of first failure to beyond 55 million cycles in one test where a failure was actually observed and to beyond 20 million cycles in another that was terminated without failure. CLT: X-10 recovered an unlubricated connector driven deeply into failure, with six failed pins recovering immediately and four more recovering during an additional 420 thousand fretting cycles. MIL-L-87177 was not able to recover a connector under similar conditions.
Date: October 12, 1999
Creator: AUKLAND,NEIL R. & HANLON,JAMES T.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Hydrogeologic characterization of the cretaceous-tertiary Coastal Plain sequence at the Savannah River Site (open access)

Hydrogeologic characterization of the cretaceous-tertiary Coastal Plain sequence at the Savannah River Site

Several hydrostratigraphic classification schemes have been devised to describe the hydrogeology at the Savannah River Site SRS. Central to these schemes is the one-to-one fixed relationship between the hydrostratigraphic units and the lithostratigraphic units currently favored for the Site. This fixed relationship has proven difficult to apply in studies of widely separated locations at the Site due to the various facies observed in the updip Coastal Plain sequence. A detailed analysis and synthesis of the geophysical, core, and hydrologic data available from more than 164 deep wells from 23 cluster locations both on the Site and in the surrounding region was conducted to provide the basis for a hydrostratigraphic classification scheme which could be applied to the entire SRS region. As a result, an interim hydrostratigraphic classification was developed that defines the regional hydrogeologic characteristics of the aquifers underlying the Site (Aadland et al., 1990). The hydrostratigraphic code accounts for and accommodates the rapid lateral variation in lithofacies observed in the region, and eliminates all formal'' connection between the hydrostratigraphic nomenclature and the lithostratigraphic nomenclature. The code is robust and can be made as detailed as is needed to characterize the aquifer units and aquifer zones described in Site-specific studies. …
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Aadland, R. K.
System: The UNT Digital Library