Abstract: An historical review is presented of the contributions of TV. Munson to viticulture and the improvement of cultivated grapes. Munson developed more than 300 grape cultivars with the principal goal of combining the pest resistance and climatic adaptability of various native American grape species with the superior fruit quality of commercial cultivars. Several Munson cultivars achieved commercial importance in the early 1900's and a few are still grown today, most notably the rootstock 'Dog Ridge.' Munson's legacy is the genetic diversity within his cultivars; a valuable genetic resource for grape breeders.

An article titled "Institute helps educators teach kids how to think about art" by Martha Deller published in the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. The article talks about the North Texas Institute for Educators on the Visual Arts 1992 Summer Institute which provides art educators with new tools and skill to incorporate into their classroom. The institute also introduced new ways of thinking about art and help students critically thinking about their reactions to art.

Temperature dependent studies of ion channeling in high-quality, high-Tc single-crystals are summarized. The measurements revealed an abrupt change across Tc in displacements in the a-b plane of the Cu(I and 2) and 0(4) atoms; normal Debye-like'' vibrations were found for the Y and Ba atoms. The anomalous atomic displacements were found for both proton and He channeling, and manifested themselves as an abrupt increase in the critical angle and a simultaneous decrease in the minimum yield. The anomalous change in Cu-0 displacements shifted directly with stoichiometry-induced changes in Tc, implying a causal fink between the observed phonon anomaly and the superconducting state. An apparently identical anomaly was found in (Bi{sub 1.7}Pb{sub 0.3})Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub x}, indicating that it is a general feature of high-T, superconductivity. A comparison with other experimental measurements in YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x}, including a detailed neutron diffraction study, indicates that the anomaly is not due to an overall reduction in average vibrational amplitude, but arises instead from a strongly correlated sequence of Cu(1 and 2) and 04 displacements that appears with the onset of superconductivity. These strongly correlated displacements are either dynamic, or they are static distortions that fail to preserve the overall crystal symmetry.

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has developed two- and three-dimensional computer programs to predict hydrodynamics in complex fluid/solids systems including atmospheric and pressurized bubbling and circulating fluidized-bed combustors and gasifiers, concentrated suspension (slurry) piping systems and advanced particle-bed reactors for space-based applications, for example. The computer programs are based upon phenomenological mechanistic models and can predict frequency of bubble formation, bubble size and growth, bubble frequency and rise-velocity, solids volume fraction, gas and solids velocities and low dimension chaotic attracters. The results of these hydrodynamic calculations are used as inputs to mechanistic models to predict heat transfer and erosion and have been used to produce simplified models and guidelines to assist in design and scaling. An extensive coordinated effort involving industry, government, and university laboratory data has served to validate the various models. Babcock Wilcox (B W), in close collaboration with ANL, has developed the three dimensional FORCE2 computer program which is both transient as well as steady-state.

Preliminary design for the SLAC Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator (NLCTA) requires a pulse power source to produce a 600 kV, 600 A, 1.4 {mu}s, 0.1% flat top pulse with rise and fall times of approximately 100 ns to power an X-Band klystron with a microperveance of 1.25 at {approx} 100 MW peak RF power. The design goals for the modulator, including those previously listed, are peak modulator pulse power of 340 MW operating at 120 Hz. A three-stage darlington pulse-forming network, which produces a >100 kV, 1.4 {mu}s pulse, is coupled to the klystron load through a 6:1 pulse transformer. Careful consideration of the transformer leakage inductance, klystron capacitance, system layout, and component choice is necessary to produce the very fast rise and fall times at 600 kV operating continuously at 120 Hz.

Three examples of magnetic coupling across metallic spacer layers are considered. Fe/Nb sputtered superlattices are observed to have as many as five antiferromagnetic oscillations, but a weak magnetoresistive anomaly. Epitaxial trilayers of Fe/Mo/Fe grown on Mo(100) and Co/Cu/Co grown on Cu(100) are observed to have short- and long-period oscillations, respectively. The trilayers are grown with wedged spacer layers and characterized in-situ by means of the magneto-optic Kerr effect.

A hypervapotron is a water-cooled device which combines the advantages of finned surfaces with the large heat transfer rates possible during boiling heat transfer. Hypervapotrons have been used as beam dumps in the past and plans are under way to use them for divertor cooling in the Joint European Torus (JET). Experiments at JET have shows that a surface heat flux of 25 MW/m{sup 2} can be achieved in hypervapotrons. This performance makes such a device very attractive for cooling of divertor of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). This paper presents an analytical method to predict the thermal performance of the hypervapotrons. Preliminary results show an excellent agreement between experimental results and analytical prediction over a wide range of flow velocities, pressures, subcooling temperatures and heat fluxes. This paper also presents the predicted performance of hypervapotron made of materials other than copper. After further development and verification, the analytical method could be used for optimizing designs and performance prediction.

Spin physics is playing an increasingly important role in high energy experiments and theory. This review looks at selected topics in high energy spin physics that were discussed at the 9th International Symposium on High Energy Spin Physics at Bonn in September 1990.

A technique for the detection of trace amounts of rare isotopes, Cyclotron mass Spectrometry (CMS), is described. This technique uses the relationships between particle mass, charge, magnetic field strength and cyclotron orbital frequency to provide high mass resolution. The instrument also has high sensitivity and is capable of measuring isotopes with abundances of < 10{sub {minus} 12}. Improvements now being implemented will lead to further increases in the sensitivity and enhance operating parameters such as cost, portability, and sample throughput.

Recent experiments have confirmed the feasibility of controllable, reversible disabling of a vacuum insulation panel, which may result in the development of energy-efficient building envelope components. These components could extend the managed energy exchange through the building envelope from about 30% (typical with fenestration systems in commercial buildings), to as much as 90% of the gross wall and roof areas. Further investigation will be required to optimized the thermal response and the magnitude of the R-value swing (from a difference between insulating and conducting insulating values of 4 to as high as a factor of 100). The potential for energy reduction by using the variable-conductance insulation in the building envelope is discussed, and other potential building applications are mentioned.

The NLC design achieves high luminosity with multiple bunches in each RF pulse. Acceleration of a train of bunches without emittance growth requires control of long range dipole wakefields. SLAC is pursuing a structure design which suppresses the effect of wakefields by varying the physical dimensions of successive cells of the disk-loaded traveling wave structure in a manner which spreads the frequencies of the higher mode while retaining the synchronism between the electrons and the accelerating mode. The wakefields of structures incorporating higher mode detuning have been measured at the Accelerator Test Facility at Argonne. Mechanical design and brazing techniques which avoid getting brazing alloy into the interior of the accelerator are being studied. A test facility for high-power testing of these structures is complete and high power testing has begun.

The limitation of current remmeters, which do not measure neutron dose equivalents above about 15 MeV, is a serious problem at high-energy accelerator facilities, where a much wider range of neutron energies exist. The purpose of this work was to measure the response of a modified Anderson-Braun (A-B) remmeter to neutron energies up to 1 GeV. The modifications to the standard A-B remmeter were based on the experimental results of Pb(n,xn) reactions.

The poloidal and toroidal spatial distributions of D{sub {alpha}}, He I and C II emission have been obtained in the vicinity of the TFTR bumper limiter and are compared with models of ion flow to the surface. The distributions are found not to agree with a model (the Cosine'' model) which determines the incident flux density using only the parallel fluxes in the scrape-off layer and the projected area of the surface perpendicular to the field lines. In particular, the Cosine model is not able to explain the significant fluxes observed at locations on the surface which are oblique to the magnetic field. It is further shown that these fluxes cannot be explained by the finite Larmor radius of impinging ions. Finally, it is demonstrated, with the use of Monte Carlo codes, that the distributions can be explained by including both parallel and cross-field transport onto the limiter surface.

In nuclear power plants surveillance tests are required to detect failures in standby safety system components as a means of assuring their availability in case of an accident. However, the performance of surveillance tests at power may have adverse impact on safety as evidenced by the operating experience of the plants. The risk associated with a test includes two different aspects: (1) a positive aspect, i.e., risk contribution detected by the test, that results from the detection of failures which occur between tests and are detected by the test, and (2) a negative aspect, i.e., risk contribution caused by the test, that includes failures and degradations which are caused by the test or are related to the performance of the test. In terms of the two different risk contributions, the risk effectiveness of a test can be simply defined as follows: a test is risk effective if the risk contribution detected by the test is greater than the risk contribution caused by the test; otherwise it is risk ineffective. The methodology presentation will focus on two important kinds of negative test risk impacts, that is, the risk impacts of test-caused transients and equipment wear-out. The evaluation results of the risk …

Linear colliders require high peak current beams with low duty factors. Several methods to produce polarized e{sup {minus}} beams for accelerators have been developed. The SLC, the first linear collider, utilizes a photocathode gun with a GaAs cathode. Although photocathode sources are probably the only practical alternative for the next generation of linear colliders, several problems remain to be solved, including high voltage breakdown which poisons the cathode, charge limitations that are associated with the condition of the semiconductor cathode, and a relatively low polarization of {le}5O%. Methods to solve or at least greatly reduce the impact of each of these problems are at hand.

We describe the characteristics of thin (1 {mu}m) and thick (> 30 {mu}m) hydrogenated amorphous silicon p-i-n diodes which are optimized for detecting and recording the spatial distribution of charged particles, x-ray, {gamma} rays and thermal neutrons. For x-ray, {gamma} ray, and charged particle detection we can use thin p-i-n photosensitive diode arrays coupled to evaporated layers of suitable scintillators. For thermal neutron detection we use thin (2{approximately}5 {mu}m) gadolinium converters on 30 {mu}m thick a-Si:H diodes. For direct detection of minimum ionizing particles and others with high resistance to radiation damage, we use the thick p-i-n diode arrays. Diode and amorphous silicon readouts as well as polysilicon pixel amplifiers are described.

A new high power electron cyclotron heating (ECH) system designed to operate at 110 GHz with a power output of 2 MW has been introduced on DIII-D. All components of the system are capable of handling a 10 second pulse at an interval of 10 minutes. Transmission of ECH power from the the source (a millimeter-wave gyrotron) to the plasma through waveguide miter bends may change the polarization and rotate the polarization major axis. Polarizing elements are therefore required to correct for the effect of transmission lines and also to generate proper polarization for coupling into the plasma. Rotating mirrors with different rectangular grooved gratings in two successive miter bends can generate the required wide range of elliptical polarizations. Peak heat fluxes due to ohmic losses in these mirrors are several MW/m{sub 2} for a 0.5 MW gyrotron power. The complex distribution of losses in the grooves requires a detailed thermal stress analysis to ensure that temperature and stress limits are not exceeded. The desired pulse length is 10 sec, with a cooling time of 10 min between pulses. The temperature rise in the polarizing mirrors must be limited to less than 300{degree}C to prevent thermal fatigue and outgassing in …

This paper describes the simulation of asymmetric loss of flow events in Russian designed VVER-1000 reactors using the RETRAN-02 Mod4 computer code. VVER-1000 reactors have significant differences from United States pressurized water reactors including multi-level emergency response systems and plant operation at reduced power levels with one or more main circulation pumps inoperable. The results of these simulations are compared to similar analyses done by the designers for the Rovno plant.

The inclined double crystal monochromator arrangement is very effective in handling high heat loads and holds considerable promise as a monochromator for undulator beams at third generation synchrotrons. Results for the ideal inclined crystal case have been obtained by dynamical diffraction calculations, and diffraction results for the (111) reflection of silicon are presented for an inclination angle of 85{degree}0 and energies of 5 key and 13.84 key. The diffraction characteristics resemble closely diffraction from-asymmetric (111) plane of silicon. However, the inclined and noninclined cases are not identical. Diffraction in the inclined case is slightly different due to refraction. The full width at half maximum of the Darwin-Prins reflectivity curve is slightly increased ({approximately}l%), and the angles of the outgoing beam after one reflection are slightly altered. That is, except for a wave incident at the Laue point in reciprocal space, the diffraction is always slightly asymmetric. The effect can be exactly reversed by an identical second crystal in the (+,{minus}) arrangement.

Subcooled flow of liquid nitrogen in microchannels is proposed as a means to enhance the stability of a superconducting magnet. Analysis shows high current density or a low stabilizer fraction is obtainable in a cryostable magnet. Increase in stability (using the Stekley criterion) is directly related to coolant velocity and coolant channel aspect ratio, however, there is a corresponding increase in pressure drop of the system. Another constraint is the coolant temperature rise, which is found to be a function of coolant residence time and the coolant to conductor ratio.

The importance of particle identification at an asymmetric B factory is discussed and the general status of a number of particle identification technologies which might be included in B factory detectors is briefly reviewed.

High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters of rectangular cross section have been used to remove particulates and the associated radioactivity from air ventilation streams since the advent of nuclear materials processing. Use of round axial flow HEPA filters is also longstanding. The advantages of radial flow filters in a circular configuration have been well demonstrated in UKAEA during the last 5--7 years. An evaluation of radial flow filters for fissile process gloveboxes reveals several substantial benefits in addition to the advantages claimed in UKAEA Facilities. The radial flow filter may be provided in a favorable geometry resulting in improved criticality safety. The filter configuration lends to in-place testing at the glovebox to exhaust duct interface. This will achieve compliance with DOE Order 6430.1A, Section 99.0.2. Preliminary testing at SRS for radial flow filters manufactured by Flanders Filters, Inc. revealed compliance in all the usual specifications for filtration efficiency, pressure differential and materials of construction. An evaluation, further detailed in this report, indicates that the radial flow HEPA filter should be considered for inclusion in new ventilation system designs.

The infrared flee-electron laser (IR-FEL) proposed by LBL as part of the Combustion Dynamics Research Laboratory (CDRL) consists of a multiple-pass accelerator with superconducting cavities supplying a 55 MeV 12 mA beam to an undulator within a 24-meter optical cavity. Future options include deceleration through the same cavities for energy recovery and reducing the power in the beam dump. The electron transport system from the injector through the cavities and undulator must satisfy conditions of high order achromaticity, isochronicity, unity first-order transport matrix around the recirculation loop, variable betatron match into the undulator, ease of operation and economical implementation. This paper presents a workable solution that satisfies these requirements.

An assembly irradiation of 169 full-length U-Pu-Zr metallic fuel pins was successfully completed in FFTF to a goal burnup of 10 at.%. All test fuel pins maintained their cladding integrity during the irradiation. Postirradiation examination showed minimal fuel/cladding mechanical interaction and excellent stability of the fuel column. Fission-gas release was normal and consistent with the existing data base from irradiation testing of shorter metallic fuel pins in EBR-II.