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Energy conservation potential of surface modification technologies (open access)

Energy conservation potential of surface modification technologies

This report assesses the energy conservation impact of surface modification technologies on the metalworking industries. The energy conservation impact of surface modification technologies on the metalworking industries is assessed by estimating their friction and wear tribological sinks and the subsequent reduction in these sinks when surface modified tools are used. Ion implantation, coatings, and laser and electron beam surface modifications are considered.
Date: September 1, 1985
Creator: Le, H.K.; Horne, D.M. & Silberglitt, R.S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
SOLERAS - Solar Controlled Environment Agriculture Project. Final report, Volume 5. Science Applications, Incorporated system requirements definition (open access)

SOLERAS - Solar Controlled Environment Agriculture Project. Final report, Volume 5. Science Applications, Incorporated system requirements definition

This report sets forth the system requirements for a Solar Controlled-Environment Agriculture System (SCEAS) Project. In the report a conceptual baseline system description for an engineering test facility is given. This baseline system employs a fluid roof/roof filter in combination with a large storage tank and a ground water heat exchanger in order to provide cooling and heating as needed. Desalination is accomplished by pretreatment followed by reverse osmosis. Energy is provided by means of photovoltaics and wind machines in conjunction with storage batteries. Site and climatic data needed in the design process are given. System performance specifications and integrated system design criteria are set forth. Detailed subsystem design criteria are presented and appropriate references documented.
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Verification of the Taylor (minimum energy) state in the S-1 Spheromak (open access)

Verification of the Taylor (minimum energy) state in the S-1 Spheromak

Experimental measurements of the equilibrium in the S-1 Spheromak by use of magnetic probes inside the plasma show that the final magnetic equilibrium is one which has relaxed close to the Taylor (minimum-energy) state, even though the plasma is far from that state during formation. The comparison is made by calculating the two-dimensional ..mu.. profile of the plasma from the probe data, where ..mu.. is defined as ..mu../sub 0/j/sub parallel//B. Measurements using a triple Langmuir probe provide evidence to support the conclusion that the pressure gradients in the relaxed state are confined to the edge region of the plasma.
Date: September 1, 1985
Creator: Hart, G. W.; Janos, A.; Meyerhofer, D. D. & Yamada, M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Natural convective behavior of EBR-II following a loss of flow from decay heat levels (open access)

Natural convective behavior of EBR-II following a loss of flow from decay heat levels

Eight loss-of-flow transients were conducted at initial decay heat levels of 0.75 to 1.6% of the rated EBR-II power. The data indicate that the natural convective flow was adequate to remove the decay heat without overheating the reactor core. Good agreement with NATDEMO and HOTCHAN predictions was obtained. (DLC)
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Chang, L.K.; Mohr, D.; Feldman, E.E.; Betten, P.R. & Planchon, H.P.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Treatment of radioactive mixed wastes in commercial low-level wastes (open access)

Treatment of radioactive mixed wastes in commercial low-level wastes

Management options for three generic categories of radioactive mixed waste in commercial low-level wastes have been identified and evaluated. These wastes were characterized as part of a BNL study in which a large number of generators were surveyed for information on potentially hazardous low-level wastes. The general management targets adopted for mixed wastes are immobilization, destruction, and reclamation. It is possible that these targets may not be practical for some wastes, and for these, goals of stabilization or reduction of hazard are addressed. Solidification, absorption, incineration, acid digestion, segregation, and substitution have been considered for organic liquid wastes. Containment, segregation, and decontamination and re-use have been considered for lead metal wastes which have themselves been contaminated and are not used for purposes of waste disposal shielding, packaging, or containment. For chromium-containing wastes, solidification, incineration, containment, substitution, chemical reduction, and biological removal have been considered. For each of these wastes, the management option evaluation has necessarily included assessment/estimation of the effect of the treatment on both the radiological and potential chemical hazards present. 10 refs.
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Kempf, C.R. & MacKenzie, D.R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
(Performance evaluation of fabric bag filters on a bench-scale coal gasifier) (open access)

(Performance evaluation of fabric bag filters on a bench-scale coal gasifier)

The objective of the proposed work is to demonstrate the operational and economic feasibility of using high-temperature ceramic filters for particulate control in a variety of coal gasification power generating systems.
Date: October 11, 1985
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Enloe Dam Passage Project, Volume II, Appendices, 1984 Annual Report. (open access)

Enloe Dam Passage Project, Volume II, Appendices, 1984 Annual Report.

This report contains the following appendices: (1) correspondence and minutes of meetings; (2) Similkameen River system summer creel survey; (3) disease analysis; (4) water quality tables; (5) Boundary Waters Treaty; and (6) other NEPA information. (ACR)
Date: July 1, 1985
Creator: Fanning, M.L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Annual Report on Resident Fish Activities, 1985 Fiscal Year, Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program, Action Item 41.8. (open access)

Annual Report on Resident Fish Activities, 1985 Fiscal Year, Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program, Action Item 41.8.

This report addresses the status for resident fish projects currently implemented by the Bonneville Power Administration under the amended Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program. Projects that have been in place for a sufficient length of time are discussed in greater detail with a brief evaluation presented.
Date: September 1985
Creator: United States. Bonneville Power Administration. Division of Fish and Wildlife.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Financial and ratepayer impacts of nuclear power plant regulatory reform (open access)

Financial and ratepayer impacts of nuclear power plant regulatory reform

Three reports - ''The Future Market for Electric Generating Capacity,'' ''Quantitative Analysis of Nuclear Power Plant Licensing Reform,'' and ''Nuclear Rate Increase Study'' are recent studies performed by the Los Alamos National Laboratory that deal with nuclear power. This presents a short summary of these three studies. More detail is given in the reports.
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Turpin, A. G.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Overview of climatic effects of nuclear winter (open access)

Overview of climatic effects of nuclear winter

A general description of the climatic effects of a nuclear war are presented. This paper offers a short history of the subject, a discussion of relevant parameters and physical processes, and a description of plausible nuclear winter scenario. 9 refs. (ACR)
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Jones, E. M. & Malone, R. C.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of x-ray computed tomography, through-transmission ultrasound, and low-kV x-ray imaging for characterizing green-state ceramics (open access)

Comparison of x-ray computed tomography, through-transmission ultrasound, and low-kV x-ray imaging for characterizing green-state ceramics

Green-state MgAl/sub 2/O/sub 4/ compact disk specimens have been studied by x-ray computed tomography (CT), through-transmission pulsed ultrasound, and low-kV x-ray imaging to compare the abilities of these nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods to detect flaws and density variations. X-ray computed tomographic images were obtained from a 125-kV (peak) imaging system with a 512 x 512 matrix and a pixel size of 100 ..mu..m. A 3- to 10- MHz focused-beam ultrasonic transducer was used, together with special immersion techniques, to obtain topographical maps of acoustic attenuation and phase velocity; a 30 x 30 matrix was used in the ultrasonic scans. A 35-kV x-ray system with high-resolution type RR film was used to obtain conventional radiographs. Large-scale nonuniform density gradients were detected with CT and ultrasonics in supposedly uniform ceramic disks. In addition, inclusions in the green-state samples were detected by all three methods, with each method providing certain advantages. The influence of grain structure and other ceramic powder characteristics will be examined in the future. 5 refs., 9 figs.
Date: June 1, 1985
Creator: Roberts, R. A.; Ellingson, W. A. & Vannier, M. W.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Resistive instabilities in tokamaks (open access)

Resistive instabilities in tokamaks

Low-m tearing modes constitute the dominant instability problem in present-day tokamaks. In this lecture, the stability criteria for representative current profiles with q(0)-values slightly less than unit are reviewed; ''sawtooth'' reconnection to q(0)-values just at, or slightly exceeding, unity is generally destabilizing to the m = 2, n = 1 and m = 3, n = 2 modes, and severely limits the range of stable profile shapes. Feedback stabilization of m greater than or equal to 2 modes by rf heating or current drive, applied locally at the magnetic islands, appears feasible; feedback by island current drive is much more efficient, in terms of the radio-frequency power required, then feedback by island heating. Feedback stabilization of the m = 1 mode - although yielding particularly beneficial effects for resistive-tearing and high-beta stability by allowing q(0)-values substantially below unity - is more problematical, unless the m = 1 ideal-MHD mode can be made positively stable by strong triangular shaping of the central flux surfaces. Feedback techniques require a detectable, rotating MHD-like signal; the slowing of mode rotation - or the excitation of non-rotating modes - by an imperfectly conducting wall is also discussed.
Date: October 1, 1985
Creator: Rutherford, P.H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Dispersion experiments using short-term releases of an atmospheric tracer (open access)

Dispersion experiments using short-term releases of an atmospheric tracer

The Mesoscale Atmospheric Transport Studies (MATS) experiments were undertaken to provide a data base for determining the accuracy of mesoscale atmospheric dispersion model predictions for short term releases. This paper describes the MATS experiments and compares observed dispersion parameters with theory. The movement of the sulfur hexaflouride cloud has been compared with wind sensors placed at several different elevations. The observed sigma-y values are also compared with theory and found to agree well with Pasquill's (1976) method. The aim in the MATS experiments has been to achieve as many sceintific goals as possible while answering the fundamental question of model accuracy. The MATS experiments provide information on crosswind and downwind spread of material. The horizontal spread is obtained by a crosswind system of samplers and downwind spread can be determined by using several arcs. Unfortuantely, budget considerations restricted the sampling to a single arc at about 30km downwind from the release point. Despite this limitation, downwind dispersion results were obtained by collecting a sequence of continuous, relatively-short-time-samples as the plume moved downwind. It was assumed that the structure of the plume changed slowly as it moved across the sampling arc. 6 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Weber, A H & Kurzeja, R J
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Safeguards instrumentation: a computer-based catalog. Second edition (open access)

Safeguards instrumentation: a computer-based catalog. Second edition

This catalog contains entries on new developments and on items listed in BNL 51450, which have either been carried over unchanged or been updated. More than 70 entries were deleted because of either obsolescence, insufficient interest in terms of safeguards, or lack of documentable development activities in recent years. Some old listings as well as new material was consolidated into more generic entries. As in the earlier document, the emphasis is on devices and instruments that are either in field use at this time or under active development. A few items such as NDA reference materials, instrument vans and certain shipping containers are included because they are important adjuncts to optimum utilization of safeguards instrumentation. This catalog does not include devices for physical protection. As was the case with its predecessor, most of the material in this catalog originated in the US and Canada; a few contributions came from member states of the European Community.
Date: April 1, 1985
Creator: Auerbach, C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Operational history of Fermilab's 1500 W refrigerator used for energy saver magnet production testing (open access)

Operational history of Fermilab's 1500 W refrigerator used for energy saver magnet production testing

The 1500 W helium refrigerator system utilizes two oil-injected screw compressors staged to feed a liquid nitrogen pre-cooled cold box. Refrigeration is provided by two Sulzer TGL-22 magnetic/gas bearing turbines. The refrigerator feeds six magnet test stands via a 10,000 L dewar and subcooler equipped distribution box. The design of the controls has permitted the system to be routinely operated 24 hours/day, seven days/week with only five operators. It has operated approximately 90% of the 4-1/2 years prior to shutting down in 1984 for a period of one year to move the compressor skid. Scheduled maintenance, failures, repairs and holidays are about equal to the 10% off time. The equipment described was used to test approximately 1200 superconducting magnets for the Fermilab accelerator ring. The seven year operating experience is presented as an equipment and technique review. Compressor hours currently exceed 42,000 and turbine hours exceed 39,000 each. Failure rates, causes, preventive maintenance, monitoring practices and equipment, and modifications are examined along with notes on some of the more successful applications of technique and equipment. 4 refs.
Date: September 1, 1985
Creator: Bianchi, A. J.; Barger, R. K.; Johnson, F. B.; McGuire, K. J.; Pinyan, K. D.; Wilson, F. W. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Prediction Approach to Multistage Sampling When Cluster Sizes Are Unknown (open access)

Prediction Approach to Multistage Sampling When Cluster Sizes Are Unknown

A model for two-stage cluster sampling when sample cluster sizes are unknown is used to derive an optimal (model-based) estimator for the population total and to determine robust sampling strategies. In an empirical study using 1970 and 1980 census data for Los Angeles and surrounding counties, comparisons are made between the model based estimator and conventional estimators. The results favor the new estimator over those derived from randomization theory. In addition, the empirical study shows that the robust sampling strategies suggested by the theory can reduce biases, improve efficiency, and decrease the frequencies of large errors. 7 refs.
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Kelly, E. J. & Cumberland, W. G.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
MHD stability of torsatrons using the average method (open access)

MHD stability of torsatrons using the average method

The stability of torsatrons is studied using the average method, or stellarator expansion. Attention is focused upon the Advanced Toroidal Fusion Device (ATF), an l = 2, 12 field period, moderate aspect ratio configuration which, through a combination of shear and toroidally induced magnetic well, is stable to ideal modes. Using the vertical field (VF) coil system of ATF it is possible to enhance this stability by shaping the plasma to control the rotational transform. The VF coils are also useful tools for exploring the stability boundaries of ATF. By shifting the plasma inward along the major radius, the magnetic well can be removed, leading to three types of long wavelength instabilities: (1) A free boundary ''edge mode'' occurs when the rotational transform at the plasma edge is just less than unity. This mode is stabilized by the placement of a conducting wall at 1.5 times the plasma radius. (2) A free boundary global kink mode is observed at high ..beta... When either ..beta.. is lowered or a conducting wall is placed at the plasma boundary, the global mode is suppressed, and (3) an interchange mode is observed instead. For this interchange mode, calculations of the second, third, etc., most …
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Holmes, J. A.; Carreras, B. A.; Charlton, L. A.; Garcia, L.; Hender, T. C.; Hicks, H. R. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Potential capabilities at LAMPF to study nuclei far from stability (open access)

Potential capabilities at LAMPF to study nuclei far from stability

Feasibility studies have shown that a He-jet activity transport line, with a target chamber placed in the LAMPF main beam line, will provide access to short-lived isotopes of a number of elements that cannot be extracted efficiently for study at any other type of on-line facility. The He-jet technique requires targets thin enough to allow a large fraction of the reaction products to recoil out of the target foils; hence, a very intense incident beam current, such as that uniquely available at LAMPF, is needed to produce yields of individual radioisotopes sufficient for detailed nuclear studies. We present the results of feasibility experiments on He-jet transport efficiency and timing. We also present estimates on availability of nuclei far from stability from both fission and spallation processes. Areas of interest for study of nuclear properties far from stability will be outlined. 17 refs.
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Talbert, W. L. & Bunker, M. E.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Actinide production in /sup 136/Xe bombardments of /sup 249/Cf (open access)

Actinide production in /sup 136/Xe bombardments of /sup 249/Cf

The production cross sections for the actinide products from /sup 136/Xe bombardments of /sup 249/Cf at energies 1.02, 1.09, and 1.16 times the Coulomb barrier were determined. Fractions of the individual actinide elements were chemically separated from recoil catcher foils. The production cross sections of the actinide products were determined by measuring the radiations emitted from the nuclides within the chemical fractions. The chemical separation techniques used in this work are described in detail, and a description of the data analysis procedure is included. The actinide production cross section distributions from these /sup 136/Xe + /sup 249/Cf bombardments are compared with the production cross section distributions from other heavy ion bombardments of actinide targets, with emphasis on the comparison with the /sup 136/Xe + /sup 248/Cm reaction. A technique for modeling the final actinide cross section distributions has been developed and is presented. In this model, the initial (before deexcitation) cross section distribution with respect to the separation energy of a dinuclear complex and with respect to the Z of the target-like fragment is given by an empirical procedure. It is then assumed that the N/Z equilibration in the dinuclear complex occurs by the transfer of neutrons between the two …
Date: August 1, 1985
Creator: Gregorich, K.E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Radiation dose estimates for copper-64 citrate in man (open access)

Radiation dose estimates for copper-64 citrate in man

Tumor imaging agents suitable for use with positron emission tomographs are constantly sought. We have performed studies with animal-tumor-bearing models that have demonstrated the rapid uptake of copper-64. The radiation dose estimates for man indicate that the intravenous administration of 7.0 mCi would result in radiation doses to the kidney of 9.8 to 10.5 rads with other organs receiving substantially less radiation. 5 refs., 3 tabs.
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Crook, J.E.; Carlton, J.E.; Stabin, M. & Watson, E.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of predicted and measured fission product behavior in the Fort St. Vrain HTGR during the first three cycles of operation (open access)

Comparison of predicted and measured fission product behavior in the Fort St. Vrain HTGR during the first three cycles of operation

Fission product release from the reactor core has been predicted by the reference design methods and compared with reactor surveillance measurements and with the results of postirradiation examination (PIE) of spent FSV fuel elements. Overall, the predictive methods have been shown to be conservative: the predicted fission gas release at the end of Cycle 3 is about five times higher than observed. The dominant source of fission gas release is as-manufactured, heavy-metal contamination; in-service failure of the coated fuel particles appears to be negligible which is consistent with the PIE of spent fuel elements removed during the first two refuelings. The predicted releases of fission metals are insignificant compared to the release and subsequent decay of their gaseous precursors which is consistent with plateout probe measurements.
Date: October 1, 1985
Creator: Hanson, D. L.; Jovanovic, V. & Burnette, R. D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal utilization plan, Marine Corps Air-Ground Combat Center, Twentynine Palms, California. Final report, March 1-September 1, 1985 (open access)

Geothermal utilization plan, Marine Corps Air-Ground Combat Center, Twentynine Palms, California. Final report, March 1-September 1, 1985

A preliminary engineering feasibility study of geothermal utilization was completed for the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center, Twentynine Palms, California. The study incorporated previous studies of the geology, geophysics, and environment performed for the Center. In addition, information about fuel consumption and current heating methodology was provided by the Center's personnel. This information was integrated with design assumptions based on the best estimates available for geothermal resource temperature and flow rate. The result of the study is a recommended pipeline alignment and suggested geothermal service area. The estimated costs for construction of the system range from $4.5 to $5 million. The estimated savings in offset natural gas consumption after capital recovery is $3.8 million over a twenty year period. 9 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.
Date: September 1, 1985
Creator: Ghusn, G. Jr. & Flynn, T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Observation of high-power millimeter wave emission from a virtual cathode (open access)

Observation of high-power millimeter wave emission from a virtual cathode

Intense bursts of mm wave power have been observed in microwave generation experiments with a relativistic electron beam (REB) virtual cathode oscillator. In this device an electron beam is injected into a drift space at a current above the space-charge-limit, and a potential develops downstream which is large enough to reflect electrons back to the source region. Two mechanisms can give rise to microwave oscillations in a virtual cathode device: electrons reflexing between the real and virtual cathodes, and oscillations in the amplitude and position of the virtual cathode. Typically both mechanisms are present, but in the present experiments reflexing has been shown to be dominant.
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Davis, H. A.; Bartsch, R. R.; Sherwood, E. G.; Stringfield, R. M. & Thode, L. E.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advancement of flash hydrogasification. Quarterly technical progress report, July-September 1984 (open access)

Advancement of flash hydrogasification. Quarterly technical progress report, July-September 1984

The design of test hardware and process development unit (PDU) modifications had been completed previously. Task VII involves the fabrication of test hardware and the modification of an existing 1-ton/h hydroliquefaction PDU at Rockwell's facilities for use as a hydrogasifier test facility. Modifications to the PDU have been completed. The modified facility is designed to accommodate both 10- and 20-ft-long hydrogasifier reactors so that residence times will be in the range of 2 to 6 s when coal is fed at a nominal 1/2 ton/h into reactors at 1000-psia pressure. Provisions have been made for real-time analysis of the product gases using an on-line gas chromatograph system. Separate supplies of coal, hydrogen, oxygen, methane, and water (for steam generation) are also provided. The facility and hardware changes now permit short-duration (1 to 2 h) hydrogasification tests and preburner assembly performance evaluation tests to be conducted to meet the test program objectives. Test program planning and scheduling were approved by DOE in July, and programming of test data reduction programs was completed. During August, activation of the PDU was completed and testing was initiated. This involved conducting preburner performance characterization/checkout tests and the first two coal reactor tests. In general, the …
Date: September 1, 1985
Creator: Falk, A. Y.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library