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25,445 Matching Results
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25 MV tandem accelerator at Oak Ridge
A new heavy-ion accelerator facility is under construction at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A brief description of the scope and status of this project is presented with emphasis on the first operational experience with the 25 MV tandem accelerator.
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Jones, C. M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
30-MJ superconducting magnetic energy storage for BPA transmission line stabilizer
The Bonneville Power Administration operates the transmission system that joins the Pacific Northwest and southern California. A 30-MJ (8.4-kWh) Superconducting Magnet Energy Storage (SMES) unit with a 10-MW converter can provide system damping for low frequency oscillations. The unit is scheduled to operate in 1982. Progress during FY 80 is described. The conductor has been fully tested both electrically and mechanically, all of the necessary copper and superconductor has been purchased, and the first production lengths of cable have been fabricated. All major components of the electrical and cryogenic systems except the gas recovery unit have been received, but the refrigerator, converter, and one transformer were damaged during shipment. The dewar is being procured, and the coil support system has been designed. Support work at LASL to prepare for subsystem testing is nearly complete.
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Schermer, R. I.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
200 kW pulsed and CW gyrotrons at 28 GHz
Pulsed and CW gyrotron oscillators have been designed and constructed for use in electron cyclotron resonance heating in plasma fusion experiments. The tubes are designed for 200 kW output at 28 GHz with beam input of 80 kV and 8 A. The pulsed design has been operated at duty factors of 5% and pulse lengths up to 40 msec. The CW design has produced output of 200 kW CW with an efficiency of 50%. It also operated with 52% efficiency at an output level of 170 kW CW. The tubes are designed for power output in the TE/sub 02/ circular electric mode in oversize (2.5 inch diameter) circular waveguide. Some investigations of mode purity of the output will be described. The design and operation of waveguide components such as bends and mode filters for use with the gyrotrons will be discussed.
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Jory, H.; Evans, S.; Moran, J.; Shively, J.; Stone, D. & Thomas, G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
5MW Raft River facility experience
The Raft River geothermal plant is a small binary cycle conversion system which uses isobutane as the working fluid. This plant uses a staged boiler concept to achieve better performance than could be obtained by a single boiler. The plant was designed to operate with a geothermal water inlet temperature of 143/sup 0/C (290/sup 0/F) and produce a nominal generator output of 5MW. The plant is supported by a supply and injection system consisting of three supply wells (about 1524m or 5000 ft deep) and two injection wells (about 1158m or 3800 ft deep). Experience in several important areas: environmental, supply and injection system, and power plant, are discussed. (MHR)
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Whitbeck, J.F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ability of the TRAC-P1A computer program to predict blowdown, refill, and reflood phenomena during Semiscale Mod-1 experiments. [PWR]
A computer analysis of a Semiscale Mod-1 Loss-of-Coolant Experiment (LOCE) was performed using the TRAC-P1A computer program. The main purpose of this analysis was to contribute data for the assessment of the ability of TRAC-P1A to predict blowdown, refill, and reflood phenomena during a postulated Loss-of-Coolant Accident (LOCA). A TRAC-P1A Semiscale Mod-1 system model was created and TRAC-P1A was used to obtain initial conditions for Semiscale Mod-1 LOCE S-04-6. After this initialization, TRAC-P1A was used to simulate the first 60 seconds of this experiment. The results of this simulation are presented and discussed.
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Demmie, P.N.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Absolute measurement of anti. nu. for /sup 252/Cf
Neutron yields were determined by measuring the activities produced in the INEL manganese bath. Of the three fission methods used, the neutron-fission coincidence method was found to be the most consistent and reliable. The value of /sup 252/Cf anti ..nu.. obtained by these measurements was 3.764. (RWR)
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Smith, J. R.; Reeder, S. D. & Gehrke, R. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Absolute Photodissociation Quantum Yields for the NO3 Free Radical
The nitrate free radical was photolyzed by a pulsed tunable dye laser between 470 and 685 nm, at 296 K, and in the presence of 10 torr N{sub 2}. The two product channels, NO + O{sub 2} and NO{sub 2} + O, were measured by resonance fluorescence of NO or of O. Absolute calibration of the method was achieved by in situ ultraviolet photolysis of NO{sub 2}, which yields both NO and O. With these data on photochemical yields, the photolysis coefficients for the two product channels at the surface of the earth with an overhead sun over wavelengths 470-700 nm are calculated to be j{sub 1}(NO + O{sub 2}) = 0.022 {+-} 0.007 s{sup -1} and j{sub 2}(NO{sub 2} + O) = 0.18 {+-} 0.06 s{sup -1}.
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Magnotta, Frank & Johnston, Harold S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Absolute polarization standards at medium and high energies. [200 to 900 MeV]
Although measurement of a polarization asymmetry is rather easy, the normalization of the measurement to obtain the analyzing power requires an absolute knowledge of the beam polarization or comparison with a known standard analyzing power. Such calibration standards can be hard to find. This paper concentrates on medium and higher energies, and divides the techniques into four categories: double scattering, polarized target methods, polarized source methods, and theoretical methods. Secondary standards are also discussed, and earlier data are assessed. 52 references, 6 figures. (RWR)
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
McNaughton, M.W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acceleration of polarized proton at the AGS
The unexpected importance of high energy spin effects and the success of the ZGS in correcting many intrinsic and imperfection depolarizing resonances led us to attempt to accelerate polarized protons in the AGS. A collaborative effort is underway by the groups in Argonne, Michigan, Rice, Yale and Brookhaven to improve and modify the AGS to accelerate polarized protons. With the appropriate funding the first polarized proton acceleration at the AGS should be possible by 1983.
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Lee, Y. Y.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accelerator development for heavy ion fusion
Accelerator technology development is presented for heavy ion drivers used in inertial confinement fusion. The program includes construction of low-velocity ''test bed'' accelerator facilities, development of analytical and experimental techniques to characterize ion beam behavior, and the study of ion beam energy deposition.
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Talbert, W.L. Jr. & Sawyer, G.A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry and Radioisotope Detection at the Argonne FN Tandem Facility
The Argonne FN tandem accelerator and standard components of its experimental heavy-ion research facility, have been used as a highly-sensitive mass spectrometer to detect several long-lived radioisotopes and measure their concentration by counting of accelerated ions. Background beams from isobaric nuclei have been eliminated by combining the dispersion from the energy loss in a uniform Al foil stack with the momentum resolution of an Enge split-pole magnetic spectrograph. Radioisotope concentrations in the following ranges have been measured: /sup 14/C//sup 12/C = 10/sup -12/ to 10/sup -13/, /sup 26/Al//sup 27/Al = 10/sup -10/ to 10/sup -12/, /sup 32/Si/Si = 10/sup -8/ to 10/sup -14/, /sup 36/Cl/Cl = 10/sup -10/ to 10/sup -11/. Particular emphasis was put on exploring to what extent the technique of identifying and counting individual ions in an accelerator beam can be conveniently used to determine nuclear quantities of interest when their measurement involves very low radioisotope concentrations. The usefulness of this method can be demonstrated by measuring the /sup 26/Mg(p,n)/sup 26/Al(7.2 x 10/sup 5/ yr) cross section at proton energies in the astrophysically interesting range just above threshold, and by determining the previously poorly known half life of /sup 32/Si.
Date:
1980
Creator:
Henning, W.; Kutschera, W.; Paul, M.; Smither, R. K.; Stephenson, E. J. & Yntema, J. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accident assessment: role of the containment radiation monitor
The containment radiation monitor may provide information to a power reactor operator that can aid assessment of the degree of core damage following a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). This paper reports calculations of the exposure rates that would exist in the containment of a commercial pressurized water reactor (PWR) following severe reactor transients. The results indicate exposure rates of 1 to 2 R . h/sup -1/ 30 minutes after a large LOCA, 4 to 5 x 10 R . h/sup -1/ one hour following a release of the gap activity, and 4 . 10/sup 6/ R . h/sup -1/ two hours after a transient that resulted in a fuel melt. Furthermore, differences between the energy spectra of photons released by noble gases and halogens suggest that containment radiation monitors may be designed to differentiate between these radioelements. The calculated exposure rates are not in agreement with the response of containment radiation monitors during the incident at the Crystal River Reactor. Inhomogeneous source terms, the operation of containment building systems, and inaccuracies in release estimates, measurements and calculations may have contributed to this discrepancy in one degree or another.
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Desrosiers, A. E.; Scherpelz, R. I.; Smith, M. S. & Grimes, B. K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Achieving higher count rates with EDX
An automated energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDX) was developed for the close-coupled analysis of mixed U, Pu oxide fuel pellets. (Close-coupled means the analytical glove box is closely adjacent to the production line.) The L ..cap alpha.. fluorescences of U and Pu were chosen. The advantages and disadvantages of the system are given. (DLC)
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Lambert, M. C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acid-base model for thy--mochemical water splitting. Results of experimental tests on manganese-based thermochemical cycles
An acid-base model for thermochemical water splitting cycles is described, together with the results of its application to cycles based upon reactions of manganese oxides. Experiments confirmed that at least 12 acids-HCl, H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/, H/sub 3/PO/sub 4/, MoO/sub 3/, NaPO/sub 3/, Na/sub 4/P/sub 2/O/sub 7/, SiO/sub 2/, Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/, TiO/sub 2/, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, SnO/sub 2/, and Fe/sub 2/Onumber-drive the thermal decomposition of NaMnO/sub 2/ at temperatures below 1400/sup 0/K. Only rather strong bases-NaOH, LiOH, BaO, Li/sub 2/CO/sub 3/, Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/-can drive the steam oxidation of Mn(II) below 1300/sup 0/K. In accord with the model, the acids HCl, H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/, H/sub 3/PO/sub 4/, and MoO/sub 3/ are too strong to be used in Mn(III)/(II) cycles, because their Na, Li, and Ba salts are too stable. Cycles were demonstrated with the other 8 acids and either NaOH or Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/. Because such cycles evolve O/sub 2(g)/ in the presence of air, solar furnaces are appropriate sources of thermal energy for them.
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Robinson, Paul R. & Kilyk, John, Jr.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acoustic emission. Flaw relationship for in-service monitoring of nuclear pressure vessels
Acoustic emission (AE) testing has the potential of being a valuable NDI method with capability for continuous monitoring, high sensitivity, and remote flaw location. Tests of the method were carried out on ASTM A533 Grade B, Class 1 steel. Crack growth AE signals could be recognized. An AE/fracture mechanics relation was developed for flaw interpretation. Two intermediate vessel tests at ORNL under the HSST program were analyzed. A simulated reactor vessel test and installation of an AE sensing system on a reactor are planned. (DLC)
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Hutton, P.H. & Kurtz, R.J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acoustic Loading Effects on Oscillating Rod Bundles
An analytical study of the interaction between an infinite acoustic medium and a cluster of circular rods is described. The acoustic field due to oscillating rods and the acoustic loading on the rods are first solved in a closed form. The acoustic loading is then used as a forcing function for rod responses, and the acousto-elastic couplings are solved simultaneously. Numerical examples are presented for several cases to illustrate the effects of various system parameters on the acoustic reaction force coefficients. The effect of the acoustic loading on the coupled eigenfrequencies are discussed.
Date:
1980~
Creator:
Lin, W. H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Actinide cross section program at ORELA
The actinide cross section program at ORELA, the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator, is aimed at obtaining accurate neutron cross sections (primarily fission, capture, and total) for actinide nuclides which occur in fission reactors. Such cross sections, measured as a function of neutron energy over as wide a range of energies as feasible, comprise a data base that permits calculated predictions of the formation and removal of these nuclides in reactors. The present program is funded by the Division of Basic Energy Sciences of DOE, and has components in several divisions at ORNL. For intensively ..cap alpha..-active nuclides, many of the existing fission cross section data have been provided by underground explosions. New measurement techniques, developed at ORELA, now permit linac measurements on fissionable nuclides with alpha half-lives as short as 28 years. Capture and capture-plus-fission measurements utilize scintillation detectors (of capture ..gamma.. rays and fission neutrons) in which pulse shape discrimination plays an important role. Total cross sections can be measured at ORELA on samples of only a few milligrams. A simultaneous program of chemical and isotopic analyses of samples irradiated in EBR-II is in progress to provide benchmarks for the existing differential measurements. These analyses are being studied …
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Dabbs, J. W. T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Active measurements of defect processes in shock compressed metals and other solids
Solid samples have been routinely recovered for examination after having been subjected to high pressure shock loading. Such investigations have revealed many unique and interesting defect features and are essential if a detailed understanding of shock deformation processes is to be achieved. Nevertheless, examination of samples hours or days after they are compressed for only a few microseconds in a loading whose rise time may be subnanosecond fails to address the relationship between the residual defect structure and that existing during the loading. Electrical probes, and to a lesser extent optical probes, have provided reasonably direct measurements of defect states and some limited information on the evolution of these states. For example, measurements of the electrical resistance of metals provide an indication of vacancy concentrations. Similarly, measurements of shock-induced electrical polarization in insulating solids have provided evidence that large numbers of point defects are generated and displaced by the stress and velocity gradients within the shock fronts. Optical measurements of shock-induced bleaching of color centers in NaCl have provided some evidence for kinetics of the formation of higher-order point defects. This paper reviews the status of active measurements which have provided information about shock-induced changes in the defect state of …
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Graham, R. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive optimal control: an algorithm for direct digital control
An algorithm for applying advanced control concepts in heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems has been developed at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL). The algorithm uses optimal control and is adaptive in nature. Simulations for a solar heated and cooled building indicate that use of this algorithm can accomplish a substantial savings in auxiliary energy consumption. In this paper, the algorithm is described and its application is illustrated with a simple example. Simulation results for a more complex system are also presented. The hardware, including the digital computer, needed to implement this algorithm is briefly discussed.
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Farris, D. R. & McDonald, T. E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Additional solar/load ratio correlations for direct gain buildings
Solar/load ratio (SLR) correlations have been developed for two new reference direct gain designs. The new reference designs are identical to the originals except that the glazing air gap has been increased from 1/4 in. to 1/2 in. and a vector average of the local hourly windspeed was used in the thermal network calculations rather than an assumed average value of 15 m.p.h. Both of these modifications are realistic and enhance the predicted performance of direct gain buildings. A comprehensive set of mass sensitivity calculations has been performed in order to provide information needed to select an appropriate set of parameters for new lightweight direct gain designs for which additional SLR correlations will be developed. Representative results are reported.
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Wray, W.O.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced absorber assembly design for breeder reactors
An advanced absorber assembly design has been developed for breeder reactor control rod applications that provides for improved in-reactor performance, longer lifetimes, and reduced fabrication costs. The design comprises 19 vented pins arranged in a circular array inside of round duct tubes. The absorber material is boron carbide; cladding and duct components are constructed from the modified Type 316 stainless steel alloy. Analyses indicate that this design will scram 30 to 40% faster than the reference FFTF absorber assembly. The basic design characteristics of this advanced FFTF absorber assembly are applicable to large core breeder reactor design concepts.
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Pitner, A.L. & Birney, K.R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced biological treatment of aqueous effluent from the nuclear fuel cycle
Many of the processing steps in the nuclear fuel cycle generate aqueous effluent streams bearing contaminants that can, because of their chemical or radiological properties, pose an environmental hazard. Concentration of such contaminants must be reduced to acceptable levels before the streams can be discharged to the environment. Two classes of contaminants, nitrates and heavy metals, are addressed in this study. Specific techniques aimed at the removal of nitrates and radioactive heavy metals by biological processes are being developed, tested, and demonstrated. Although cost comparisons between biological processes and current treatment methods will be presented, these comparisons may be misleading because biological processes yield environmentally better end results which are difficult to price. The fluidized-bed biological denitrification process is an environmentally acceptable and economically sound method for the disposal of nonreusable sources of nitrate effluents. A very high denitrification rate can be obtained in a FBR as the result of a high concentration of denitrification bacteria in the bioreactor and the stagewise operation resulting from plug flow in the reactor. The overall denitrification rate in an FBR ranges from 20- to 100-fold greater than that observed for an STR bioreactor. It has been shown that the system can be operated …
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Pitt, W. W., Jr.; Hancher, C. W.; Patton, B. D. & Shumate, S. E., II
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced, high energy neutral beam injector
The BNL design of a high energy neutral beam injector is based on the neutralization of negative ions, a process that remains very efficient even at energies up to and above 1 MeV. The principal elements of such an injector are: source of negative ions, beam extraction and transport system, accelerator, neutralizing cell, and system for the removal and dumping (or energy recovery) of the remaining charged components of the beam. Among several possible source geometries, the most advanced is the BNL version of the magnetron. Best results have been obtained by using geometrical focusing of surface produced H/sup -/ ions and an asymmetric discharge chamber. A large water cooled model is being fabricated, to deliver 1-2 A of H/sup -//D/sup -/ beam currents in pulses longer than 5 s, with a source power efficiency of about 6 kW/A and a gas efficiency of 6-10%. First tests are scheduled for July 1980. Two options of the beam transport are being studied theoretically and experimentally: a weak focusing bending magnet and a strong focusing chain of electrostatic quadrupoles.
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Alessi, J.; Fink, J.; Maschke, A.; Prelec, K. & Sluyters, T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced method for making vitreous waste forms
A process is described for making waste glass that circumvents the problems of dissolving nuclear waste in molten glass at high temperatures. Because the reactive mixing process is independent of the inherent viscosity of the melt, any glass composition can be prepared with equal facility. Separation of the mixing and melting operations permits novel glass fabrication methods to be employed.
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Pope, J. M. & Harrison, D. E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library