The polarized triton source has had over 3000 hours of operation. Experience gained with Lamb-shift operation that are not unique to tritium handling are discussed. (GHT)

Progress in calculating the electron-phonon parameters of transition metals has been based on either the rigid muffin-tin approximation (RMTA) or the fitted modified tight-binding approximation (FMTBA). The RMTA has been shown to be remarkably accurate for average electron-phonon properties, but there are indications that RMTA matrix elements may be too small at low momentum transfer. An attempt is made to demonstrate these assertions concerning the accuracy of RMTA and the numerous electron-phonon calculations are placed in a broader perspective by a demonstration of how they can be used to explain the trends in the strength of the electron-phonon coupling among the transition metals and the A-15 compounds. (GHT)

The present revision of TID-7016 Nuclear Safety Guide is discussed. This Guide differs significantly from its predecessor in that the latter was intentionally conservative in its recommendations. Firmly based on experimental evidence of criticality, the original Guide and the first revision were considered to be of most value to organizations whose activities with fissionable materials were not extensive and, secondarily, that it would serve as a point of departure for members of established nuclear safety teams, experienced in the field. The reader will find a significant change in the character of information presented in this version. Nuclear Criticality Safety has matured in the past twelve years. The advance of calculational capability has permitted validated calculations to extend and substitute for experimental data. The broadened data base has enabled better interpolation, extension, and understanding of available, information, especially in areas previously addressed by undefined but adequate factors of safety. The content has been thereby enriched in qualitative guidance. The information inherently contains, and the user can recapture, the quantitative guidance characteristic of the former Guides by employing appropriate safety factors. In fact, it becomes incumbent on the Criticality Safety Specialist to necessarily impose safety factors consistent with the possible normal and …

This paper presents an assessment of LWR fuel damage during a reactivity initiated accident and comments on the adequacy of the present USNRC design requirements. Results from early SPERT tests are reviewed and compared with results from recent computer simulations and PBF tests. A progression of fuel rod and cladding damage events is presented. High strain rate deformation of relatively cool irradiated cladding early in the transient may result in fracture at a radial average peak fuel enthalpy of approximately 140 cal/g UO/sub 2/. Volume expansion of previously irradiated fuel upon melting may cause deformation and rupture of the cladding, and coolant channel blockage at higher peak enthalpies.

Positron lifetime and Doppler-broadening studies made at 300 K have been used to investigate the interaction between interstitial hydrogen and lattice defects in deformed Pd. Specimens were charged with hydrogen at 300 K to levels up to 0.1%. The presence of hydrogen was found to have no effect on the recovery curves of Pd upon annealing to 400/sup 0/C. By 400/sup 0/C the values for both lifetime and Doppler-broadening for both cold worked and cold worked plus hydrogen were below the values obtained for annealed pure Pd. This can be interpreted as gaseous-impurity-trapped vacancies being present after the 1200/sup 0/C anneal, but being swept away by the dislocation microstructure recovery between 200 to 400/sup 0/C.

As part of the US Program of Technical Assistance to IAEA Safeguards, PNL has developed a package of computer programs, called INSPECT, that can be used in planning and evaluating safeguards inspections of various types of nuclear facilities. The programs are based on the statistical methods described in Part F of the IAEA Safeguards Technical Manual and can be used to calculate the variance components of the MUF (Material Unaccounted For) statistic, the variance components of the D (difference) statistic, attribute and variables sampling plans, and a measure of the effectiveness of the inspection plan. The paper describes the programs, reviews a number of applications, and indicates areas for future work.

The bag model framework is used to discuss the heavy baryons, triple flavored objects like ccc, cbb, etc. A nonrelativistic picture seems justified. It is insisted that the long-range interaction consist of a genuine three-body force. Once the potential energy of the three quarks is determined, the three-body Schroedinger equation is solved by the method of hyperspherical expansion. 1 table. (RWR)

Experimental measurements of electric giant multipole resonances are discussed. The parameters of the giant quadrupole resonance are now firmly established by an extensive set of measurements. The GQR is providing a significant influence in other areas of nuclear physics. The monopole resonance has now been established and its observation has provided the first direct measure of the nuclear compressibility. A strong case for the existence of a giant octupole resonance is now being made through a variety of hadron reactions. However, the supply of giant multipole resonances has not been exhausted. The newer techniques such as higher energy proton scattering, charge exchange reactions, heavy-ion scattering and pion reactions offer considerable hope for identifying new resonances during the next few years.

The characterization of a streak camera based upon Picotron 100 tube types is given. Both a large (30 cm 1 x 10 cm dia.) and a small (18 cm 1 x 5 cm dia.) version of this design has been tested. Over 150 channels of information are simultaneously time resolved with system S.N.R. of 3 at 100 picosecond time resolution without post intensification. Absolute photometric evaluation is given in the dynamic mode, i.e. while operating in the picosecond time domain. Such quantitative data has been lacking in the past, particularly for multiple channel applications.

Considerable observational evidence is found that ions are accelerated to high energies in the outer magnetosphere during geomagnetic disturbances. The acceleration often appears to be quite impulsive causing temporally brief (10's of seconds), very intense bursts of ions in the distant plasma sheet as well as in the near-tail region. These ion bursts extend in energy from 10's of keV to over 1 MeV and are closely associated with substorm expansive phase onsets. Although the very energetic ions are not of dominant importance for magnetotail plasma dynamics, they serve as an important tracer population. Their absolute intensity and brief temporal appearance bespeaks a strong and rapid acceleration process in the near-tail, very probably involving large induced electric fields substantially greater than those associated with cross-tail potential drops. Subsequent to their impulsive acceleration, these ions are injected into the outer trapping regions forming ion ''drift echo'' events, as well as streaming tailward away from their acceleration site in the near-earth plasma sheet. Most auroral ion acceleration processes occur (or are greatly enhanced) during the time that these global magnetospheric events are occurring in the magnetotail. A qualitative model relating energetic ion populations to near-tail magnetic reconnection at substorm onset followed by …

Relativistic effects in the atomic and nuclear few-body systems are classified and discussed with the emphasis on electromagnetic transitions. The size of relativistic corrections, calculational techniques and ambiguities, and comparison of theory and experiment are considered. 8 figures.

De-entrainment phenomena on vertical elements in air-water droplet cross flow are generated using a horizontal array of water spray nozzles and a draft-induced wind tunnel. These conditions are used to obtain experimental values of the de-entrainment efficiency of isolated elements (25.4-, 63.5-, and 101.6-mm-diam cylinders and a 76.2-mm-square tube), and of an array of 101.6-mm-diam cylinders. A flow model is developed that extrapolates the de-entrainment efficiency of isolated elements through the use of a correlation for the interference effect to predict the efficiency of large arrays of similar elements. This simple model is shown to provide a good prediction of the de-entrainment efficiency of arrays in terms of the efficiency of an isolated element.

The effect of laser wavelength on laser-plasma coupling is one of the critical issues facing the laser driven inertial confinement community. The advantages of using lasers with output wavelength less than 1 ..mu..m, such as enhanced absorption and hydrodynamic efficiency, reduction in parametric instabilities and corresponding suprathermal electron generation, have long been predicted theoretically.

The evidence reviewed here indicates that macrophages, either acting alone or in concert with other cells, influence the proliferation of multiple types of cells. Most of the data indicate that these effects are mediated by soluble macrophage-elaborated products (probably proteins) although the role of direct cell-to-cell contacts cannot be ruled out in all cases. A degree of success has been achieved on the biochemical characterization of these factors, due mainly to their low specific activity in conditioned medium and the lack of rapid, specific assays. Understanding the growth-regulating potential of macrophages is an important and needed area of research.

Programs for dedicated LSI-11 based systems can easily be stored in ROM instead of floppy disks, yet execute the same as disk-stored programs. Two sample systems are described.

The ultimate decay heat removal system for the current Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled reactors is a completely passive natural convection air cooling loop. This paper considers an extremely remote accident scenario, where even this passive system fails, and heat rejection is only via a layer of thermal insulation to the reactor silo structure and the surrounding soil. The results show that even in this case the peak fuel temperatures remain well within safe limits. However, vessel and concrete temperatures can - under extreme circumstances and after several weeks - reach temperature levels at which structural failure becomes possible.

CMOS electrostatic discharge (ESD) failures in a product where, by design, the device input terminals are not accessible to ESD led to this study of device susceptibility and an analysis of the long-term reliability of devices in assemblies from that production line. Some surprising patterns of device susceptibility are established and it is shown that the probability of long-term failure in devices whose electrical characteristics have been degraded by electrostatic discharge is small.

Damage nucleation in single crystals of silicon during ion irradiation is investigated. Experimental results and mechanisms for damage nucleation during both room and liquid nitrogen temperature irradiation with different mass ions are discussed. It is shown that the accumulation of damage during room temperature irradiation depends on the rate of implantation. These dose rate effects are found to decrease in magnitude as the mass of the ions is increased. The significance of dose rate effects and their mass dependence on nucleation mechanisms is discussed.

A statistical model of a bounded, incompressible, cylindrical magnetofluid is presented. This model predicts the presence of magnetic fluctuations about a cylindrically-symmetric, Bessel-function-model, mean magnetic field, which satisfies del x <B> = ..mu.. <B>. As theta ..-->.. 1.56, the model predicts that the significant region of the fluctuation spectrum narrows down to a single (coherent) m = 1 mode. An analogy between the Debye length of an electrostatic plasma and ..mu../sup -1/ suggests the physical validity o the model's prediction of <deltaB(r)deltaB(r')> when /r - r'/ greater than or equal to ..mu../sup -1/.

The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) visibility model is capable of producing simulated before and after pictures that illustrate visual effects of smoke plumes. Although the model has been under development for a few years, until recently there had been very little testing of the model against field experience or testing of sensitivity of the model results to numerical approximations used in the model. Further validation and sensitivity testing of the LASL model began in late 1979. The work focused on three areas: comparison of the LASL model results with plumes encountered in the field, comparison of LASL background-atmosphere model results with measured sky intensities, and examination of the variation of model results with changes in the numerical approximations. The field study took place during August of 1979 in the vicinity of coal-fired power plants in northwestern New Mexico and northern Arizona. Telephotometer, NO/sub X/ plume measurements, and aerosol size distribution measurements were made in the plumes of three different coal-fired power plants. Photographs were taken of the plumes, and simulated photographs were prepared by the model. Light intensities calculated by the background radiative transfer model were compared to measured light intensities in a very clean atmosphere and in a …

A programmable, multiple-function timing module has been developed for use in transuranic (TRU) waste analysis applications at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. The Programmable Multi-Timer (PRMT) is an expanded version of a module originally built for accelerator-based active photon interrogation experiments. During the course of the experiments, it became obvious that a more versatile timer was needed to meet several unforeseen requirements. The PRMT was designed to meet the new requirements and to serve as a general-purpose timing module for other applications.

The (t vector,d) reaction has been measured on targets of /sup 58/ /sup 60/ /sup 62/ /sup 64/Ni with 17 MeV polarized tritons. Spectroscopic factors, angular momentum and total spin transfer were obtained from the differential cross section and A/sub y/ values of levels up to 3.5 MeV in excitation energy. The present (t,d) measurement enables a better description of the 9/2/sup +/ and 5/2/sup +/ states which show significant shell crossing effects as a function of increasing neutron number.

Recent progress in the theoretical study of alignment and orientation in atom-atom and ion-atom collisions at intermediate energies is reviewed. Recent systematic studies of the alignment and orientation of electronic charge cloud distributions of excited states resulting from such collisions clearly have provided more detailed information about the underlying collision dynamics. However, since accurate determination of these parameters is quite difficult, both theoretically and experimentally, a close collaboration between theory and experiment is necessary for a deeper understanding of the collision dynamics. A more complete approach, where the full density matrix is determined, is also discussed.

A research project has been underway at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory with the objective to evaluate dose assessment models and to determine the uncertainty associated with the model predictions. This has resulted in the application of methods to propagate uncertainties through models. Some techniques and results related to this problem are discussed.