This report summarizes the results of a study of tax incentives for residential wood burning equipment. It presents an overview of the major issues affecting inclusion or exclusion of this equipment in the NEA tax credit program. The report was prepared as a quick response task within a six week period. Because of these time constraints, many simplifying assumptions had to be made in order to provide information in accordance with the decisionmaking schedule. The report is not meant to be considered as an exhaustive analysis of any particular issue area. (TFD)

Off-stoiciometry CdS coatings with resistivities of about 10..cap omega..-cm have been deposited by a cyclic reactive sputtering process where the H/sub 2/S injection is periodically switched on and off. Cells with CdS layer fabricated in this way have yielded efficiencies of about 0.6% with short circuit currents of about 3.5 mA/cm/sup 2/, open circuit voltages of about 0.43V, and fill factors of about 0.40. CdS resistivity control by In doping has been achieved both by diffusion from a pre-deposited In layer and by using an In-doped Cd sputtering target. Resistivities of about 30..cap omega..-cm are achieved in CdS coatings about 5 um thick deposited at 250/sup 0/C over 50 nm thick In layers. A Cd cathode doped with 1 atomic percent In has yielded CdS coatings with resistivities of about 0.1 ..cap omega..-cm at substrate temperatures in the 100 to 300/sup 0/C range. Cells fabricated from the 0.1 ..cap omega..-cm CdS with a 0.5 um undoped layer adjacent to the junction have yielded encouraging diode characteristics with a strong photovoltaic effect and will be used to an optimization study. Cu/sub x/S coatings deposited onto CdS under various conditions have been found to have the same properties as those deposited onto …

The Presbyterian Intercommunity Hospital located in Klamath Falls, Oregon utilizes geothermal fluid pumped from its own well to provide space heat and domestic hot water. During an inspection of the heating system after a chemical cleaning of the heat exchangers, the circulating pump was dismantled to replace its seals which were found to be leaking. At that time, the impeller was found to contain many cracks. The analysis of those cracks and a scale sample removed from the impeller is presented. (MHR)

In FY 1979, the basic configuration of FY 1978 was used as a reference point. Many studies were then made to either generate more design information concerning this design or to produce new concepts that would lead to a superior configuration. Among these activities were a detailed weight analysis, an assembly sequence, a chamber vibration analysis, a splash baffle stress study, and an analysis of first wall thermal stresses. Then some new concepts were introduced that pertained to the first wall, the lithium inlet nozzle, the chamber supports, the inlet piping, and pressure vessel.

The development of a horizontal in-situ retorting process may have significant impacts upon valuable environmental resources. A research program has been developed to identify, assess, and minimize the adverse environmental impacts which may result. The goals are to: describe the environment as it existed prior to disturbance; determine the nature and extent of the changes; develop and implement measures to minimize the adverse impacts; develop and implement reclamation procedures which will return the affected land to its original level; and coordinate measures to protect the health and safety of persons and animals which may be affected by the activities. Specific research areas are outlined. These include atmospheric, hydrologic, terrestrial ecology, and social/economic research. (DMC)

The paper established criteria for the selection of personnel to work on the interactive graphics system and mentions some of human behavioral patterns that are created by the implementation of graphic systems. Some of the social and educational problems associated with the interactive graphics system will be discussed. The project also provided for collecting objective data which would be useful in assessing the benefits of interactive graphics systems.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Mark White, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; Distribution and use of judicial district funds.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

The magnetic field design and the mechanical design of the TMX magnet system were previously reported by Chen and Hinkle. This paper is a summary of the work that has been accomplished in the two years since then.

The study approach explored the hypothesis that regional banks can play an important role in disseminating energy conservation information to their commercial/industrial customers. The four phases of the study are described in detail. (MCW)

Techniques and equipment have been developed to measure in-vessel local void fraction and velocity in a reflood transient test facility. The two impedance sensors, the flag probe and the string probe, have been tested (prototype sensors) in a variety of air-water and steam-water facilities an in all cases acceptable measurement results were obtained.

Materials recovery and energy recovery from municipal solid waste, offering at least a partial solution to a city's solid waste management and disposal problem, are discussed. The most important barriers and issues which relate to energy and materials recovery from waste in urban areas are discussed. Energy recovery practices and processes, environmental issues, and municipal market economics are considered. (MCW)

The optical testing part of the program requires characterizing index homogeneity of large blanks of fluorophosphate glass, optical surface figure and quality of large polished optics and performance of optical coatings such as antireflection, high reflectors and polarizing beam-splitters. For this purpose, a large effort is being expended to upgrade the optical test facilities at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory in preparation for the NOVA optics procurement. (MOW)

The spectral radiant emittance W/sub E/ from a blackbody at a temperature kT for photons at energies E above the spectral peak (2.82144 kT) varies as (kT)/sup E/kT/. This power-law temperature dependence, an approximation of Planck's radiation law, may have applications for measuring the emissivity of sources emitting in the soft x-ray region.

Financial barriers which hinder the use and acceptance of solar technology in the building and industrial markets are identified. The barriers fall under three categories: risk, liquidity, and subsidy. Policy initiatives that can be used to overcome financing barriers which hinder the use of solar technology are briefly mentioned. These include direct lending programs operated by the government or by private banks and secondary financing organizations which provide liquidity and security to mortgage lenders. Policy options considered to accomplish the objectives of the initiatives and the evaluation of each option is presented. Options considered are: to modify existing governmental programs and institutions so that these institutions more effectively promote the use of solar energy; to create a new and separate institution to undertake a number of financing functions; and to create a direct federal loan program. The proposed functions of a Solar Development Bank are specifically examined. Information on functions and participants in the secondary mortgage market is discussed in the appendix. The text of a presidential speech on the technically feasible use of solar powered units is given. (MCW)

The results of investigations conducted under Ce Hybrid Vehicle Potential Assessment Task are reported in 10 volumes. This volume contains an overview of the study and its results. The purpose of the overall study was to determine if the petroleum fuel savings achievable through the use of hybrid electric vehicles is worth the R and D expenditures needed to develop the hybrid vehicles and to determine R and D priorities. It was concluded that by the year 2010 hybrid vehicles could replace 80% of the automotive power that would otherwise be produced from petroleum fuels; the public should not suffer any mobility loss through the use of hybrid vehicles; high initial and life-cycle costs are a limiting factor; and R and D funds should be spent for systems design and the development of low-cost batteries and controllers. (LCL)

In the Hybrid Vehicle Potential Assessment Task three major powertrain configurations (parallel, parallel with flywheel, and series) were studied. An evaluation of the series configuration is presented. The series configuration has the advantage that the engine is mechanically uncoupled from the wheels and can be operated at its best economy point much of the time. The mechanical energy produced by the engine is converted through a generator into electrical energy which is used to drive the motor or charge the batteries. This configuration offers a good degree of flexibility. It has the disadvantage that substantial losses of energy occur since the mechanical energy from the engine passes through several components before being used to drive the wheels. The energy produced by the engine is reduced by the product of efficiencies of components connected in series. Trade-offs involved in the study of the series configuration were directed toward establishing the size of the engine, motor and generator to meet vehicle acceleration performance; determining what level to operate the engine, and determining when to use the battery. These results were then used in the electric range simulation.

The design, operation and calculated performance of a flywheel-electric hybrid vehicle are discussed. Seven different operating strategies are considered. The calculation procedures are described. The results are plotted. (LCL)

The purpose of the cost analysis is to determine the economic feasibility of a variety of hybrid vehicles with respect to conventional vehicles specifically designed for the same duty cycle defined by the mission analysis. Several different hybrid configurations including parallel, parallel-flywheel, and series vehicles were evaluated. The ramifications of incorporating examples of advanced batteries, these being the advanced lead-acid, nickel-zinc, and sodium sulfur were also investigated. Vehicles were specifically designed with these batteries and for the driving cycles specified by the mission. Simulated operation on the missions yielded the energy consumption (petroleum and/or electricity) over the driving cycles. It was concluded that: in the event that gasoline prices reach $2.50 to $3.00/gal, hybrid vehicles in many applications will become economically competitive with conventional vehicles without subsidization; in some commercial applications hybrid vehicles could be economically competitive, when the gasoline price ranges from $1.20 to $1.50/gal. The cost per kWh per cycle of the advanced batteries is much more important economically than the specific energy; the series hybrid vehicles were found to be more expensive in comparison to the parallel or parallel-flywheel hybrids when designed as passenger vehicles; and hybrid vehicles designed for private use could become economically competitive and …

Scenarios are described which have been generated in support of the Hybrid Vehicle Potential Assessment Task under the JPL Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Systems Research and Development Project. The primary function of the scenario generation is to develop a set of consistent and credible forecasts required to estimate the potential impact of hybrid vehicles on future petroleum consumption in the USA, given a set of specific electric, hybrid and conventional vehicle designs. The forecasts are limited to the next 32 years (1978 to 2010. The four major areas of concern are: population and vehicle fleet size; travel patterns and vehicle fleet mix; conventional vehicle technology (Otto baseline); battery technology; and prices. The forecasts have been generated to reflect two baseline scenarios, a Petroleum Conservation Scenario (Scenario A) and an Energy Conservation Scenario (Scenario B). The primary assumption in Scenario A is higher gasoline prices than in Scenario B. This should result in less travel per car and an increased demand for smaller and more fuel efficient cars (compared to Scenario B). In Scenario B the primary assumption is higher prices on cars (new as well as used) than in Scenario A. This should lead to less cars (compared to Scenario …

Generic and site specific issues and problems are identified that relate directly to geothermal development in California, including changes in the state permitting process, land use issues, coordination between state entities, and geothermal revenues from BLM leased lands. Also discussed are the formation of working groups, preparation of a newsletter, the economic incentives workshops, and recommendations for future actions. (MHR)

Seven vehicle missions were selected and defined for use in assessing hybrid vehicle concepts and are summarized. These missions were selected to provide general coverage of current and future vehicle uses and classes. Their travel pattern definitions are based primarily on analysis of the 1969 National Personal Transportation Study travel data. Performance requirements are based on current highway designs and speed limits and the results of studies of performance requirements for safe and non-interfering operation in today's traffic environment. The mission definitions are independent of vehicle technology so even though they were selected and defined for use in assessing hybrid vehicles, they could also be used in assessing the potential of other vehicle technologies such as electric vehicles, turbo-charging, Stirling engines, etc.

This chapter deals primarily with the parallel hybrid vehicle. This vehicle type is characterized by an arrangement of the heat engine and electric motor in the power-train such that a direct mechanical or fluid-mechanical power path from both the motor and engine to the wheels is available. Out of the several possible component arrangements that could satisfy these requirements, a configuration in which the engine and motor are mounted in tandem, driving a 4-speed manual transmission, was selected for extensive computer analysis. Simulation of all the identified missions were run for this parallel hybrid configuration. For each mission, the battery mass fraction (MFB) which is defined as the ratio of the battery mass to the gross vehicle weight (expressed in percent) was varied from 5 to 30%. These vehicles were designed such that the total energy usage of the battery before cut-off would be about 80% of the C/3 discharge rate.

Review of hybrid vehicles (HVs) built during the past ten years or planned to be built in the near future is presented. An attempt is made to classify and analyze these vehicles to get an overall picture of their key characteristics. The review includes on-road hybrid passenger cars, trucks, vans, and buses.