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APCAL1: Beam Position Monitor Program
APCAL1 is an applications program operational on the PEP MODCOMP IV computer for the purpose of converting beam position monitor (BPM) button voltage readings to x,y coordinates. Calibration information and the BPM readings are read from the MODCOMP IV data base. Corresponding x,y coordinates are written in the data base for use by other programs. APCAL1 is normally activated by another program but can be activated by a touch panel for checkout purposes.
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Early, R. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of foams to the processing of fabrics. Final report, October 1, 1977-September 30, 1979
In mill trials, a range of foam fabric finishes including softeners, hand builders, and durable-press and shrink-resistant types were applied to cotton sheeting, corduroy, and polyester/cellulosic blends, etc. In all cases, substantial energy savings were realized. A number of companies are currently using foam fabric finishing as a commercial production process. Additionally, the pilot range has been used to demonstrate foam fabric finishing to over twenty companies. The range has been used to demonstrate the foam acid dyeing of nylon carpets to several companies in this specialized area of textile processing. Active work still continues with these companies since the foam dyeing of carpets involves only about 1/5 the water used in the normal continuous dyeing of carpets. Energy conservation is realized both from reduced steam consumption in steaming colors and less heat used for drying.
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Duke, M.W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Array automated assembly task: Low-Cost Silicon Solar Array Project, Phase 2. Quarterly technical report No. 8
Several microwave systems for use in solar cell fabrication were developed and experimentally tested this quarter. The first system used a standing wave rectangular waveguide horn applicator. Satisfactory results were achieved with this system for impedance matching and wafer surface heating uniformity. The second system utilized a resonant TM/sub 011/ mode cylindrical cavity. This particular system cannot be employed due to its poor energy coupling efficiency. The third and fourth microwave systems utilized a circular waveguide operating in the TM/sub 01/ mode exciting a conical horn and a circular waveguide operating in a cross-polarized TE/sub 11/ mode exciting a conical horn respectively. Both systems have potential for producing good wafer surface heating uniformity. A fifth microwave system utilized a fringe field applicator which offers a possibility for control of the microwave energy penetration depth and would, therefore, be suitable for shallow heating. This system had difficult problems with impedance matching, efficiency and field uniformity. An alternate method for controlling the depth of wafer heating is being considered.
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Jones, Gregory T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of Effectiveness of Geologic Isolation Systems. Variable thickness transient ground-water flow model. Volume 2. Users' manual
A system of computer codes to aid in the preparation and evaluation of ground-water model input, as well as in the computer codes and auxillary programs developed and adapted for use in modeling major ground-water aquifers is described. The ground-water model is interactive, rather than a batch-type model. Interactive models have been demonstrated to be superior to batch in the ground-water field. For example, looking through reams of numerical lists can be avoided with the much superior graphical output forms or summary type numerical output. The system of computer codes permits the flexibility to develop rapidly the model-required data files from engineering data and geologic maps, as well as efficiently manipulating the voluminous data generated. Central to these codes is the Ground-water Model, which given the boundary value problem, produces either the steady-state or transient time plane solutions. A sizeable part of the codes available provide rapid evaluation of the results. Besides contouring the new water potentials, the model allows graphical review of streamlines of flow, travel times, and detailed comparisons of surfaces or points at designated wells. Use of the graphics scopes provide immediate, but temporary displays which can be used for evaluation of input and output and which …
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Reisenauer, A.E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of the candidate markets for liquid boiler fuels
Liquid fuels can be produced from coal in a number of indirect and direct liquefaction processes. While indirect coal liquefaction has been proved commercially outside the United States, most attention in this country has focused on the direct liquefaction processes, which include the processes under examination in this report; namely, the Exxon Donor Solvent (EDS), the H-Coal, and the Solvent Refined Coal (SRC) II processes. The objectives of the study were to: compare the boiler fuels of direct coal liquefaction with residual fuel oil (No. 6 fuel oil) including physical characteristics and environmental hazards, such as carcinogenic characteristics and toxic hazard characteristics; determine whether a boiler fuel market would exist for the coal liquefaction products given their physical characteristics and potential environmental hazards; determine the advantages of utilizing methanol as a boiler fuel on a continuous basis in commercial boilers utilizing existing technology; identify the potential regional candidate markets for direct coal liquefaction products as liquid boiler fuels; determine the distributing and handling costs associated with marketing coal liquefaction products as liquid boiler fuels; determine the current regulatory issues associated with the marketing of coal liquefaction products as boiler fuels; and determine and evaluate other institutional issues associated with the …
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of the radiological impact of the inactive uranium-mill tailings at Monument Valley, Arizona
Results of a radiological survey that was conducted at the inactive uranium-mill site at Monument Valley, Arizona, in March 1976, in cooperation with a team from Ford, Bacon and Davis Utah Inc., are presented. Consideration of these data and of previously published information on radiological conditions at the site lead to the conclusion that potential health effects from exposure to radionuclides in the mill tailings are relatively small. The occupants of three residences within 0.8 km (0.5 mile) of the tailings constitute the principal population at risk, but direct gamma-exposure rate measurements near the two residences closest to the tailings and calculations of radon dispersion indicate that the tailings do not raise either pathway of radiation exposure significantly above the background level. Data are not available to evaluate fully other possible exposure pathways, but the available information indicates that it is unlikely that doses through these pathways will add significantly to the total population dose. The low estimates of potential health effects from exposure to direct radiation and to exposure to radionuclides in the Monument Valley tailings piles are ascribed to the low /sup 226/Ra inventory, to almost complete absence of small particles that are readily moved by wind and …
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Haywood, F. F.; Goldsmith, W. A.; Hubbard Jr., H. M.; Fox, W. F. & Shinpaugh, W. H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of the radiological impact of the inactive uranium-mill tailings at Shiprock, New Mexico
Uranium-mill tailings at an inactive site near Shiprock, New Mexico, contain an estimated 950 curies (Ci) of /sup 226/Ra together with its radioactive daughters. A radiological survey was conducted at this site in February 1976. Decontamination work and tailings stabilization performed at the site since that time have greatly changed conditions there and little effort was applied to quantification of potential health effects in comparison to the earlier consideration of the site at Salt Lake City. The present report delineates the radiological conditions that existed at the time of the survey including information on the surface and below-surface distribution of /sup 226/Ra. The data presented support the conclusion that diffusion of radon and inhalation of radon daughters is the principal mode of exposure of offsite population groups.
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Haywood, F. F.; Goldsmith, W. A.; Lantz, P. M.; Fox, W. F.; Shinpaugh, W. H. & Hubbard, H. M., Jr.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Astrophysical research at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, proposal for a formal program
Basic research is often characterized as self-directed, moving on its own timescale, spurred by the unexpected. An effective, organized basic astrophysics research program does not have to be a contradiction in terms. A broadly chartered, long-range LLL Astrophysics Research Program, created and recognized by LLL management, can benefit the general scientific community, stimulate the staff, maintain important capability, and enrich the Laboratory.
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Lokke, W.A. & Tarter, C.B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
At-sea test system point design for a one-third scale cold water pipe
One step in the development of the technology for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Cold Water Pipes (CWP) is the at-sea testing of a fiberglass reinforced plastic nominal 10-foot diameter pipe. A design procedure and criteria for developing test hardware by scaling down a 30-foot diameter OTEC 10/40 MW Pilot Plant CWP design are presented. An example point design for the pipe, instrumentation to be used during the at-sea tests, and methods for selecting the support platform and mooring are described. The design considered starts with a scale model of a larger prototype, and then is modified to address the problems of fabrication and of survivability and handling during the 1/3rd scale model tests.
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Sutherland, W.H. (ed.)
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Automated array assembly task development of low-cost polysilicon solar cells. Quarterly technical report No. 2
Three types of polysilicon materials were experimentally evaluated with Sensor Technology's standard production processing sequence during this reporting period. These materials include Wacker, Crystal Systems, and Exotic Materials polysilicon wafers. The average crystal grain size in the three polysilicon materials was obtained by statistically averaging the longest and shortest dimensions of each crystal grain in a set of random grain size measurements. An equation was derived to compute the fractional power loss associated with insufficient gridline coverage of polysilicon crystal grains. Two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the use of the fractional power loss equations in determining the suitability of the gridline spacing in a particular polysilicon grid pattern design. Other processes were explored for the purpose of improving the polysilicon solar cell efficiencies. Several metallization techniques were examined for suitability with a spray-on-dopant junction formation process sequence. A metallization problem was incurred in this program with cause and solution yet to be determined.
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Allison, K. L.; Jones, G. T.; Rhee, S. S. & Chitre, S. R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ballooning-mode theory of trapped-electron instabilities in tokamaks
Employing the ballooning-mode formalism, the two-dimensional eigenmode equation for trapped-electron instabilities in tokamaks is reduced to a one-dimensional integro-differential equation along the magnetic field lines; which is then analyzed both analytically and numerically. Dominant toroidal coupling effects are due to ion magnetic drifts which create quasi-bounded states. The trapped-electron response can be treated as perturbation and is found to destablize the quasi-bounded states.
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Cheng, C. Z. & Chen, L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Basic and applied research program. Semiannual report, July-December 1978
The status of research projects in the Basic and Applied Research Program at SERI is presented for the semiannual period ending December 31, 1978. The five tasks in this program are grouped into Materials Research and Development, Materials Processing and Development, Photoconversion Research, Exploratory Research, and Energy Resource and Assessment and have been carried out by personnel in the Materials, Bio/Chemical Conversion, and Energy Resource and Assessment Branches. Subtask elements in the task areas include coatings and films, polymers, metallurgy and corrosion, optical materials, surfaces and interfaces in materials research and development; photochemistry, photoelectrochemistry, and photobiology in photoconversion; thin glass mirror development, silver degradation of mirrors, hail resistance of thin glass, thin glass manufacturing, cellular glass development, and sorption by desiccants in materials processing and development; and thermoelectric energy conversion, desiccant cooling, photothermal degradation, and amorphous materials in exploratory research. For each task or subtask element, the overview, scope, goals, approach, apparatus and equipment, and supporting subcontracts are presented, as applicable, in addition to the status of the projects in each task or subtask. Listing of publications and reports authored by personnel associated with the Basic and Applied Research Program and prepared or published during 1978 are also included.
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Butler, B.L. (ed.)
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Basic research on ceramic materials for energy storage and conversion systems. Progress report, December 1, 1978-November 30, 1979
The present research program involves utilizing appropriate experimental probes for measuring the movement of ionic and electronic charge carriers in ceramic materials suitable for solid electrolyte and electrode applications in high-performance, secondary battery and fuel cell systems. Special emphasis is placed on developing: (1) a better understanding of the effects of structure, impurities and composition on charge carrier transport mechanisms in such materials; and (2) detailed knowledge of the kinetics and mechanism of reactions occurring (on a microscopic scale) at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces of energy storage and conversion systems.
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Whitmore, D.H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bermuda Triangle: a subsystem of the 168/E interfacing scheme used by Group B at SLAC
The Bermuda Triangle system is a method of interfacing several 168/E microprocessors to a central system for control of the processors and overlaying their memories. The system is a three-way interface with I/O ports to a large buffer memory, a PDP11 Unibus and a bus to the 168/E processors. Data may be transferred bidirectionally between any two ports. Two Bermuda Triangles are used, one for the program memory and one for the data memory. The program buffer memory stores the overlay programs for the 168/E, and the data buffer memory, the incoming raw data, the data portion of the overlays, and the outgoing processed events. This buffering is necessary since the memories of 168/E microprocessors are small compared to the main program and the amount of data being processed. The link to the computer facility is via a Unibus to IBM channel interface. A PDP11/04 controls the data flow. 7 figures, 4 tables. (RWR)
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Oxoby, G. J.; Levinson, L. J. & Trang, Q. H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bibliography of selected references on the effects of coal mine pollutants on aquatic ecosystems
This bibliography contains more than 1400 references dealing with field and laboratory research on potential toxicities and disturbances known or postulated to be caused by pollutants found in coal mine effluents. The first of the three sections into which the bibliography is divided contains a select list of published bibliographies and literature reviews. In the second section are references on mine drainage studies, general references on environmental pollutants, and references dealing with two or more specific parameters. The third section includes references for 40 parameters under individual parameter headings. The multi parameter references in the second section are therefore also listed in the third section under individual headings. An author index is also provided.
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Daniels, T F; Daniels, L K; Olsen, R D & Johnson, D O
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Biological effects of high-strength electric fields on small laboratory animals. Interim report, March 1, 1978-September 30, 1979
Progress is described on a project assessing the biological effects of 60-Hz electric fields on small laboratory animals (rats and mice). The report includes sections on hematology and seram chemistry, immunology, pathology, metabolism, bone growth, endocrinology, cardiovascular function, neurophysiology, growth and development, and animal behavior. (ACR)
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Phillips, R.D.; Anderson, L.E. & Kaune, W.T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Biomass as a feedstock for highway vehicle fuels: a resource and availability survey
The study was initiated because of the recognized need to compile a concise description of biomass as an energy base for liquid transportation fuels (namely alcohols) for highway vehicles. The aim is to provide a brief familiarization of biomass-related terminology to those with limited technical background and to present a summary assessment of the potential that biomass can provide as a resource base for liquid transportation fuels. Biomass may play a significant role in supplying liquid fuels for transportation (indeed, for other sectors, as well), however, there are fundamental limitations imposed by the size of the biomass, resource, production and distribution economics, and the difficulty of ensuring sustained availability for an extended period of time. Bioconversion is one of a number of developing energy options that individually, may make relatively small contributions but in the aggregate, are likely to be significant. Thus, research and development related to fuels from biomass and their utilization continue to be major areas of activity sponsored by the Department of Energy.
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Biotechnology for producing fuels and chemicals from biomass: recommendations for R and D. Volume I. Synopsis and executive summary
Areas of research and development judged to be crucial for establishing a biotechnology of biomass processing are identified. Two general avenues are recommended for R and D: (1) in the near term, revival of the older fermentation technology and improvement of processing efficiencies; and (2) in the longer term, the development of novel biotechnological processes, such as for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals. Recommended R and D ranges from work in moleular genetics to biochemical engineering aspects of plant design. It is recommended that the R and D strategy be designed as an integration of three disciplines: biochemical engineering, microbial genetics, and biochemistry. Applcations of gene-transfer methodology and developments in continuous fermentation should be pursued. Currently, economic incentive for the use of biological conversion processes for producing fuels and chemical feedstocks from biomass is marginal. But as the imported fraction of US oil supply grows and hydrocarbon costs mount, the market is beginning to motivate a quest for substitutes. The commercial potential for biotechnology for establishing a renewable resources chemicals industry appears similar to the potential of the computer and microelectronics field several decades ago.
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Villet, R
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Breakdown voltage at the electric terminals of GCFR-core flow test loop fuel rod simulators in helium and air
Tests were performed to determine the ac and dc breakdown voltage at the terminal ends of a fuel rod simulator (FRS) in helium and air atmospheres. The tests were performed at low pressures (1 to 2 atm) and at temperatures from 20 to 350/sup 0/C (68 to 660/sup 0/F). The area of concern was the 0.64-mm (0.025-in.) gap between the coaxial conductor of the FRS and the sheaths of the four internal thermocouples as they exit the FRS. The tests were prformed to ensure a sufficient safety margin during Core Flow Test Loop (CFTL) operations that require potentials up to 350 V ac at the FRS terminals. The primary conclusion from the test results is that the CFTL cannot be operated safely if the terminal ends of the FRSs are surrounded by a helium atmosphere but can be operated safely in air.
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Huntley, W. R. & Conley, T. B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cadmium sulfide-copper sulfide heterojunction cell research. Final report, September 1, 1978-August 31, 1979
Research on the planar CdS/Cu/sub 2/S cell to increase the short circuit currents to the levels achieved with the 9.15% textured cell is given. It was established early in the contract that light trapping is essential for high currents and a front surface texturing process has been developed to achieve this. As a result, short circuit currents have been raised to over 21.0 mA/cm/sup 2/. The highest efficiency achieved with the planar junction cell during the contract was 7.81%. Cells heat treated to their highest short circuit currents have shown fill factors below the design requirement of about 74% thus putting a limit on achievable efficiency. Progress has been made on improving the performance of the (CdZn)S/Cu/sub 2/S again with the major emphasis being on improved short circuit currents. Modifying the CdZn/S deposition procedure has resulted in considerably improved short circuit currents to over 21 mA/Cm/sup 2/, and a cell efficiency of 8.19% has been recorded. Fundamental studies have focused on the influence of substrate composition and heat treatment on junction field and collection efficiency. Quantitative analysis has been carried out of the optimal material parameters required to maximize energy converson efficiency. It has been shown a relatively narrow range …
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Calculated Thermally Induced Displacements and Stresses for Heater Experiments at Stripa, Sweden. Linear Thermoelastic Models Using Constant Material Properties
Thermally induced displacements and stresses have been calculated by finite element analysis to guide the design, operation, and data interpretation of the in situ heating experiments in a granite formation at Stripa, Sweden. There are two full-scale tests with electrical heater canisters comparable in size and power to those envisaged for reprocessed high level waste canisters and a time-scaled test. To provide a simple theoretical basis for data analysis, linear thermoelasticity was assumed. Constant (temperature-independent) thermal and mechanical rock properties were used in the calculations. These properties were determined by conventional laboratory testing on small intact core specimens recovered from the Stripa test site. Two-dimensional axisymmetric models were used for the full-scale experiments, and three-dimensional models for the time-scaled experiment. Highest compressive axial and tangential stresses are expected at the wall of the heater borehole. For the 3.6 kW full-scale heated experiment, maximum compressive tangential stress was predicted to be below the unconfined compressive strength of Stripa granite, while for the 5 kW experiment, the maximum was approximately equal to the compressive strength before the concentric ring of eight 1 kW peripheral heaters was activated, but would exceed that soon afterwards. Three zones of tensile thermomechanical stresses will occur in …
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Chan, T. & Cook, N. G. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
California Energy Commission Staff Paper. Issues Related to Reliability of Power Plants in California
This paper reflects the concern that without reexamination on the part of the industry of its past policies, traditions, and practices, the power plants yet to be licensed in the State of California may not fulfill their full productivity potential. Also, this document seeks a recognition of all parties participating in the regulatory processes, that unless appropriate and deliberate measures are applied, the reliability of the future power generating facilities may be inconsistent with the energy needs, and consequently the reliability deficiency may have to be compensated for by construction of additional generating units that otherwise should not be required. Accordingly, the causes and factors contributing to degradation of power plants reliability are identified, and various means of reduction (or elimination) of such causes, along with related economic aspects are discussed. Basic policies derived from the statutory requirements, the ensuing Commission's role, and the role of the Commission's staff relative to the reliability issues are identified. The contents of this document are applicable to any type of baseload power generating facility. The provided record, pointing to the need for reliability improvement, covers the history of nuclear, geothermal, coal, gas, and oil-fired units. The record encompasses variables such as the generating …
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Shurley, L. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Catalytic conversion of methanol to low molecular weight hydrocarbons. [Dissertation]
The recent demands on the available energy have stimulated the search for alternatives to oil. Methanol, because of its abundance and the availability of technology to produce it from coal, is projected as an alternative source for producing low molecular weight olefins. Utilizing chabazite ion exchanged with ammonium and rare earth chlorides, methanol is converted to ethylene, propylene and propane with carbon yields of 70 to 90% at reaction temperatures of 633 to 723/sup 0/K and pressures from 1 to 18 atmospheres. X-ray diffraction studies, using Cu-K radiation, show no permanent structural changes after a long use. No permanent deactivation was observed even though the catalyst was overheated once, and have been deactivated and regenerated as many as 21 times. The ammonium exchange coupled with the water at high temperature suggest the formation of an ultrastable zeolite. Ethylene yields increase as the temperature increases from 633/sup 0/K to 723/sup 0/K.
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Singh, B.B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Charge symmetry breaking in the neutron proton system
Two consequences of charge symmetry breaking (CSB) in the n-p system are examined. In n-p elastic scattering, CSB nuclear forces cause a difference between the polarizations of the neutron and the proton scattered in opposite directions in the center of mass system. The expected differences in polarizations due to one boson exchanges, particularly a photon exchange, isospin mixed mesons, and a pion (with the n-p mass difference taken into account), are computed. The calculated polarization difference is typically of the order of several tenths of a percent. In np ..-->.. d..pi../sup 0/, the CSB of nuclear forces can be tested by measuring the asymmetry of the angular distribution of deuterons about 90/sup 0/ in the center of mass frame. The expected asymmetry is calculated for one boson exchange CSB mechanisms, as in the elastic scattering. The asymmetry caused by the mixed n-..pi../sup 0/ exchange is dominant, but all of the mechanisms contribute asymmetries with similar angular dependences. The maximum assymmetry is about 0.8% at /sup 0/; the average is about 0.2%.
Date:
December 1, 1979
Creator:
Cheung, C. Y.; Henley, E. M. & Miller, G. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library