The use of uranium mononitride as a nuclear fuel is being considered for a number of high temperature applications. In comparison with the most often applied high temperature fuels, UO2 and UC, one finds that UN has a combination of the high melting point of UO2 and the thermal conductivity and high uranium density of UC. However, interest in UN is often dampened by qualitative indications of its low thermal stability and by lack of experimental thermodynamic data. Is is the purpose of this study, therefore, to provide a quantitative measure of the thermal stability of UN and to establish some of its thermodynamic properties.

We consider the kinetic isotope effect in three center reactions of the type of A+BC→AB+C. Such model calculations are a good approximation to primary hydrogen isotope effects. For abstraction or transfer reactions, B becomes H, D, or T. The dynamics of the three storm system are calculated for a general quadratic potential, with the assumption that the potential energy is constant along the reaction coordinate (flat top barrier). This model system can be calculated in detail and serves to illustrate the relationship between kinetic isotope effect and chemical bonding in the transition state. The statistical mechanical part of the calculation can be carried out exactly within the framework transition state theory or in any one of a number of approximations. The γ bar method gives particularly good insight into the chemistry of the problem with a minimum of arithmetic.

Optical absorption and photoconductivity measurements have been made on single crystals of pure synthetic rutile (TiO2). Reactor irradiations at 70°C totaling 4.8 x 10 18 nvt fast and 1.69 x10 19 nvt slow did not produce any discernible optical absorption bands; however, the transmission decreased 5 percent at all wavelengths. Reactor irradiation induced a [illegible] five photoconduction peaks in the wavelength range 4200 to 14,000 A. In addition the photopeak at 4065 A (3.05 eV) was enhanced and there were drastic changes in the dependence of photocurrent with light intensity. Gamma-ray irradiations as large as 10 9 r do not change the conduction properties. The photocurrent is proportional to a power of the light intensity; the power range from 0.65 to 1.24, for the crystals described in this work. The photocurrent vs. voltage dependence is more complex.

There is but little known about the thermal process involving the dynamics and thermodynamics of the cycling liquid H2 in the chamber and those of the H2 fluid flow in the cooling coil as well as the geometrical characteristics of the chamber body. This the physical equations governing this process are involving so many variables that this analysis becomes rather complex even if simplifying assumptions are made. To those difficulties is added the ignorance even of an approximative expression for some physical quantities such as film heat transfer coefficients entering as major parameters the process equation.

The purpose of this report is to determine the amount of refrigeration capacity required to cool down the 80" bubble chamber from ambient temperature to liquid hydrogen temperature.

The undercarriage system is required for translating, rotating, and lifting the 450 ton magnet and bubble chamber assemblies so that it can be accurately positioned in the experimental proton beam of the synchrotron. The system must make provision for the two magnet sections to be separated for the purpose of adjustment and maintenance of internal components.

The following general description of the theory and operation of a bubble chamber is presented so that firms who are interested in fabricating components for the Brookhaven 80" chamber will have a better understanding of the design parameters associated with it. This understanding, coupled with the fabricator's knowledge of manufacturing techniques, should enable the fabricators to suggest solutions to manufacturing problems consistent with requirements for chamber operation. In an effort to increase knowledge of fundamental nuclear particles and their interactions at high energies, various types of detecting equipment have been developed. One of these detectors recently developed is the bubble chamber. While there are variations as to liquids used, expansion techniques, means of illumination, etc. the basic concepts upon which all bubble chambers operate are similar. Therefore, it will be sufficient in this report to consider only one specific type, that is a chamber using liquid hydrogen

In the course of a general study of K- p interactions at 2.24 Bev/c incident K- momentum, we have investigated the following reactions, the experimentally detectable final states of Ξ Κ π system. In this report we shall discuss the possible existence of Ξ π resonances above 1530 Mev and the evidence for possible structure in the overlap regions. An evaluation of the isospin of the Ξ * will be made. In addition, production and decay angular distribution of the Ξ * will be presented.

The inelastic scattering of low energy neutrons from condensed matter offers a means of investigating the motions of atoms in liquids or solids down to times in the order of 10-12 to 10-13 seconds. The theoretical framework and techniques of such measurements are discussed and the results of cold neutron measurements with liquid H2O and Pb are presented. In H2O the neutron data show that for times in the order of 10-12 seconds the water molecule tends to maintain some average position with respect to its neighbors. In this sense the short time behavior of water is similar to that of a solid. Diffusion characteristic of a liquid occurs at later times. Measurements in liquid lead just above the melting point also show the same effect but not as markedly.

Programs are under way at Brookhaven National Laboratory to study the behavior of fission products released from reactor fuel materials. Major emphasis has been placed on fission product iodine because of the physiological hazard associated with the I131 isotope. A complete reactor safety analysis, considering either a slow or rapid release of fission products, requires a knowledge of the chemical and physical states of the fission products during release, the extent of their release, and an understanding of their chemical interactions with the reactor environment.

Prior to assembly into the 80" bubble chamber, the expansion system was subjected to a series of tests to check piston dynamics and gain information on the reliability of the various components. Furthermore, the rest provided operating personnel with the opportunity to become familiar with the operation and maintenance of the expansion system. Two separate tests were performed with the apparatus that was located at the north end of the AGS experimental area; one during the week of Oct. 15 and the other during the week of Nov. 12. The system was run with helium gas supplied from AGS compressor room and the piston was operated at room temperature.

When the design of the refrigerator was begun, one of the important parameters was refrigeration capacity required. In order to estimate the required hydrogen refrigeration load the following had to be considered: 1. Dynamic Load due to pulsing of the chamber. Although this has been determined some two years ago through test work, it has not been published as of this date and will be presented here. 2. Static losses due to conduction, radiation, and convection. This is covered by Eng. Note BC-03-0-B. 3. Cool-down requirements. This is covered by Eng. Note BC-03-0-C.

We have decided to try pressure-moulding coathangers, and this is a report on the specifications and tolerances R. R. Rau and I have calculated

These procedures are intended to be used for the initial operation of the expansion system and serve as a basis for a more complete and revised form to be written once operating experience has been gained. An attempt has been made to offer a logical and systematic presentation to facilitate operation and maintenance of the system by the operating personnel. Thus, the sequence of valve actuations has been presented in matrix and check list form to minimize errors; this also has the advantage of making it easier to adapt certain expansion system procedures to programmed control by a process control computer.

The purpose of this report is to compare multi-layer insulation and liquid nitrogen shielding as methods of insulating the 80-inch Liquid Hydrogen Bubble Chamber.

Reliability of individual components and the ability to produce refrigeration even if one or two of these components should be in operable are the prime design parameters of this cycle. Each component was looked at with these two parameters in mind and any item that had obvious objections was either rejected or backed up with another piece of equipment. Along this line, you will notice (refer to line schematic) two hydrogen compressors and two nitrogen compressors; for full capacity all are required. However, in the event of the loss of use of one of these compressors, it will still be possible to produce at least 50% of the rated capacity. To eliminate outside influences, the cycle was designed around what may be called a closed cycle cascade system; with the assumption that there is no loss of power, cooling water, the equipment can run indefinitely. The nitrogen and hydrogen cycles are of the Simple Linde type with pre-cooling making use of the Joule-Thompson Effect for the refrigeration produced. The low-temperature components of the cycle have no moving parts other than valves, consisting entirely of counter-flow heat exchangers to lower the temperature of the incoming high-pressure gas to a level where …

On the basis of measurements made upon analogues of the proposed magnet, it was decided that the distribution of ampere-turns between the two exciting coils should be in a ratio of about 1:33:1. This distribution is expected to minimize the variation of the magnetic field intensity over the depth. of the chamber. Simplicity of construction demands that there be an integral number of turns in each layer of conductors. If no water connections are to be made at the inside of the coils, each coil must contain an even integral number of layers.