Report containing plans for a desalination pilot plant for the purposes of evaluating the feasibility of reverse osmosis for the desalination of sea and brackish water with the capacity of 1,000 gallons of potable water produced per day.

The steadily increasing graphite stack distortion in the K Reactors has caused serious operating problems with the existing horizontal control rods. To compound the seriousness of the problems, the high level of reactor operation today and the anticipated higher level of operation in the future demands a reliable control rod system. A flexible control rod has been designed by Reactor Design, IPD, to facilitate reliable operation of the HCR system in spite of channel bowing arising from graphite stack distortion. This flexible control rod design is radically different from the existing K Reactor control rods and in fact, is more closely aligned to the control rods now in use at the older Hanford Reactors. The major difference of the new rod is the elimination of intimate contact between the poison-containing section of the rod and the cooling water. Such a change in design as described above could result in significant changes in the operating temperatures of the rod proper. This study was undertaken to provide a calculated indication of the temperature changes and the relative magnitude of such changes relative to reactor power levels, graphite temperatures, coolant temperatures, etc. In addition to this basic information, the scope of the study …

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This test was conducted to determine the adequancy of the Core Band to withstand the forces imposed upon it during Reactor Operation.

Using the straight-ahead approximation, nucleon-meson cascade calculations were carried out for several solarflare proton spectra incident on a shield. The shield material has approximately the properties of aluminum. Both spherical-shell and slab geometries are considered. (auth)

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This report addresses density of the ionized upper atmosphere to 5500 kilometers.

There is but little known about the thermal process involving the dynamics and thermodynamics of the cycling liquid H2 in the chamber and those of the H2 fluid flow in the cooling coil as well as the geometrical characteristics of the chamber body. This the physical equations governing this process are involving so many variables that this analysis becomes rather complex even if simplifying assumptions are made. To those difficulties is added the ignorance even of an approximative expression for some physical quantities such as film heat transfer coefficients entering as major parameters the process equation.

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Boron-10 has a high thermal neutron capture cross section (3880 barns). Following neutron capture, the subsequent nuclear disintegration produces an alpha particle and a lithium-7 nucleus with the release of an average of 2.34 MeV for the particle irradiation, and in 93% of the reactions there is also the emission of an 0.48 MeV gamma ray: [equation not transcribed]. The kinetic energy is divided between the lithium-7 nucleus and the alpha particle giving the equal and opposite momentums with a range in tissue of about 8-14μ or approximately 1 cell diameter (1). This fact and the reported favorable partition of boron between tumor and the normal brain suggested a possible therapeutic usefulness which has been investigated clinically. The object of our study is to document the biological effects of the B10 (n,α) Li7 reaction on the brain of dogs injected with boron-10 30 minutes prior to irradiation with thermal neutrons. For this, we felt it desirable to estimate a dose for the boron-10 reaction which if exceeded, produces destruction of normal tissue. This dose could then be a reference dose to be utilized as a maximal limit for the irradiation of normal tissue. We have assured that the largest fluence …

The biological evaluation of the thermal neutron capture reaction of boron-10, B10 (n,α)Li7 + 2.786 MeV, has previously been studied, using different particles from the boron-10 thermal neutron capture reaction compared with 250 kvp x-rays has been reported as 1.05 for spleen-thymic weight reduction (1), as 1.5 to 2.0 for skin lesions in pigs (2), and 1.87 for skin lesions of the rabbit's ear (3). The significance of such a calculation is felt to be unreliable for the boron-10 reaction in animals because of the vagaries of dose determination resulting from irregular boron distribution, and by the presence of an adventitious irradiation from fast neutrons and capture gammas that is inadequately determined at present. Our present experiment attempts to circumvent the difficulties attendent to studies of the boron-10 reaction in animals by comparing the effect of this reaction on the proliferative capacity of HeLa cells with those produced with 250 kvp x-ray.

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The purpose of this report is to determine the amount of refrigeration capacity required to cool down the 80" bubble chamber from ambient temperature to liquid hydrogen temperature.

Reliability of individual components and the ability to produce refrigeration even if one or two of these components should be in operable are the prime design parameters of this cycle. Each component was looked at with these two parameters in mind and any item that had obvious objections was either rejected or backed up with another piece of equipment. Along this line, you will notice (refer to line schematic) two hydrogen compressors and two nitrogen compressors; for full capacity all are required. However, in the event of the loss of use of one of these compressors, it will still be possible to produce at least 50% of the rated capacity. To eliminate outside influences, the cycle was designed around what may be called a closed cycle cascade system; with the assumption that there is no loss of power, cooling water, the equipment can run indefinitely. The nitrogen and hydrogen cycles are of the Simple Linde type with pre-cooling making use of the Joule-Thompson Effect for the refrigeration produced. The low-temperature components of the cycle have no moving parts other than valves, consisting entirely of counter-flow heat exchangers to lower the temperature of the incoming high-pressure gas to a level where …

When the design of the refrigerator was begun, one of the important parameters was refrigeration capacity required. In order to estimate the required hydrogen refrigeration load the following had to be considered: 1. Dynamic Load due to pulsing of the chamber. Although this has been determined some two years ago through test work, it has not been published as of this date and will be presented here. 2. Static losses due to conduction, radiation, and convection. This is covered by Eng. Note BC-03-0-B. 3. Cool-down requirements. This is covered by Eng. Note BC-03-0-C.