Tests were conducted to determine the friction factor of randomly packed beds of 3/4-inch diameter spheres in 8-inch and 15-1/4-inch diameter beds, and of 1-1/2-inch diameter spheres in 15-1/4-inch diameter bed. The bed depths were varied in an attempt to isolate the effects of entrance and exit losses. The bed Reynolds number, base on sphere diameter, was varied from 5,000 to 50,000.

The coolant stream of all nuclear reactors caries some activity due to one or more of the following: a) neutron activation of coolant atoms, b) neutron activation of corrosion products carried by the coolant stream, c) fission recoil into the coolant stream, d) fission products leaking into the coolant stream. The Pebble Bed Reactor is not concerned with (1) and (b) since the helium working fluid, or coolant, has an activation cross-section which is essentially zero and its inert chemical nature effectively eliminates corrosion as a consideration. We are not concerned with (c) since developments to date, of fuel and particle coatings to reduce fission product leakage, will also prevent fission recoil into the coolant stream.

"The design, analysis, and selection of system components for functions related to secondary shielding and associated auxiliary systems for the Antarctic PM-3A Nuclear Power Plant are described. Backfill material characteristics, shielding and activation analyses, heat transfer analysis, backfill cooling system, water exclusion and removal system, and instrumentation and control are discussed."

"The lifetimes of approximately 6 million positive mesons have been measured using a crystal controlled oscillator as a clock. The resulting decay curve was analyzed on the IBM 650 digital computer and gave a mean life of 2,211 plus or minus 0.003 µsec. The mean life of negative mu mesons in carbon was also measured and found to be 2,043 plus or minus 0.003 µsec. The resulting nuclear capture rate is (0.373 plus or minus 0.011)x10 to the 5th/sec, assuming that the decay rate of a negative mu meson bound in carbon is equal to the decay rate of the positive meson."

"In our original proposal it was pointed out that we had obtained, b the successive treatment of adrenochrome with mineral acid and thiosemicarbazide, a black material which proved to be effective in preventing vascular damage cause by snake venom, radiation and thermal burns. Since the effectiveness of this preparation varied widely with different samples it was suspected that the product did not have a uniform composition. As a results of the inability of effect a separation or purification of the black product we decided to try some pure compounds related to adrenochrome. Some results obtained were reported in our proposal to renew contract AT(301\-1)-2242. Other results will be reported in the body of this report."

"As a part of a program to determine the p-p scattering matrix at 213 Mev, the triple scattering parameters R and A were measured at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80. and 90 deg in the center-of-msss system. The results are compared with a phase shift analysis by MacGregor and Moravcsik and with the predictions of the boundary condition model of Saylor, Bryan and Marshak."

"The study of the toxicity of Ra and MsTh(Ra/sup 228/) in humans was continued. Several Thorotrast cases were also examined. Physical and clinical studies were made on 151 persons. In all cases possible gamma ray measurements were made of Ra and MsTh decay products retained in the body, alpha -ray measurements of Rn and Rn/sup 220/ in breath, a complete medical history was taken, a complete x-ray examination was made of the skeleton, and urinalysis, hematological, and blood chemistry studies were made."

"The study of the toxicity of Ra and MsTh(Ra/sup 228/) in humans was continued. Several Thorotrast cases were also examined. Physical and clinical studies were made on 151 persons. In all cases possible gamma ray measurements were made of Ra and MsTh decay products retained in the body, alpha -ray measurements of Rn and Rn/sup 220/ in breath, a complete medical history was taken, a complete x-ray examination was made of the skeleton, and urinalysis, hematological, and blood chemistry studies were made."

"The problems discussed are those encountered in assigning unequivocal emf values to electrode systems. Three electrodes which meet the requirements for reference electrodes most adequately are considered in some detail: these are the hydrogen, silver-silver chloride, and mercury-mercurous chloride (calomel) electrodes. An assessment is presented for electrode systems for aqueous solutions, organic solvents, fused slats and biological systems."

"A method for extracting information on Regge trajectories from experimental data in the analysis of highenergy, small-angle elastic scattering is outlined."

"This approach to the problem of radiation damage was reported. A comparison of haploid males and diploid females with respect to their radio-sensitivity was made at various stages of embryonic and post-embryonic development. Differences in sensitivity were observed and taken to indicate that genetic damage is involved in the effects of x-rays upon development in Habrobracon juglandis."

"The problem of explaining the lack of radiative muon decay in an intermediate charged vector meson theory is discussed. A possible way of introducing the charged vector meson to the theory of weak interactions is outlined in which renormalization is retained. However, if this way is used, the anomalous magnetic moment is calculated to be large, which is in contradiction with expectation."

"Properly designed and fitted respirators have been effective devices for reducing the inhalation of toxic aerosols. The degree of protection afforded by these devices has not been quantitatively measured under actual work conditions except by bioassay or other elaborate techniques. This report describes a new quantitative technique for evaluating over-all respiratory performance under conditions comparable to exposure to highly toxic radioactive materials such as plutonium and non-radioactive materials such as beryllium."

"Dust and gas masks and respirators have been an effective method under certain environmental conditions to reduce the inhalation of toxic aerosols. Under many conditions, however, their efficacy has been seriously questioned. It is the purpose of this study to evaluation over-all respirator performance on fine aerosols and to develop equipment whereby a greater degree of respiratory protection may be assured with reliability for highly toxic atmospheres."

The objective of the study which is being carried out under contract AT(30-1)-2477 is the exploration of all aspects of research in water resources and supply to determine the potential for using radioisotope technology in this research. Problem areas in the application of tracers in this research are being investigated through the evaluation of past experimentation with radioisotopic techniques and through discussions with those who are active in this work. A series of suggestions relating to these techniques will de drawn up to indicate which techniques should be developed further in order that more extensive applications may be found for them.

"The influence of compressive creep on the self-diffusivity of α-iron has been measured in the temperature range of 742-885°C. the diffusivity is enchanced in proportion to the strain rate, but this dependence decreases with increasing temperature. The magnitude of the strain is relatively unimportant in this connection. Strain rates from 0 to -2 x 10¯³ sec¯¹ were investigated with a corresponding increase in diffusivity up to 3 x 10³ times. The results are analyzed in terms of vacancy diffusion and the excess vacancies introduced during deformation. It is concluded that grain boundaries are the main vacancy sinks in polycrystalline iron and that the vacancy lifetime is therefore dependent on the grain size."

"Activities related to Project Sherwood are summarized under the following topics: propagation of waves, macroscopic magneto-fluid dynamics, stability, particle orbits, cusped geometries, collisionless shock theory, and other subjects."

"Investigations into the behavior of the gas flow behind spherical or cylindrical blasts have shown that secondary shocks arise within the original detonation gases. The secondary shock, at first weak, is carried outward with the expanding gases. Subsequently it strengthens and bends back toward the origin, arriving there with high intensity. By using some recently developed techniques in shock dynamics a theory is developed by which the motion of the main shock wave, as well as the formation and subsequent motion of the secondary shock, are given by explicit formulae."

"This paper deals with the Riemann function for linear hyperbolic systems of first-order equations. the leading term in the singularity of the Riemann function is determined and interpreted. In addition to equations with distinct characteristics, certain equations with multiple characteristics are treated."

"The present work describes some computer-oriented techniques for the application of the laws of quantum mechanics to the problems of determining basic structure of diatomic molecules. At times, calculations of the type described here yield results which can be compared directly with experiment to check the validity of the hypotheses and technique used they may predict the results of unobserved experimental phenomena; and, in many instances, they provide quantities which are necessary for the interpretation of experimental data but which cannot be directly measured."

"Equations for the heat-transfer coefficient existing at the interface of two metals in contact are discussed. The results of applying the equations (with a graphical determination of the geometric parameters) to an iron--aluminum contact are presented. A method is given for performing the graphical analysis by means of a general purpose analog computer. Data are included that were obtained by applying this method to Blanchard ground stainless steel surfaces in contact. Statistical analysis was applied to surfaces to determine the geometric properties of the contact as a function of root-mean-square roughness and method of surface preparation."

"The problems of sequencing jobs through machines are discussed in a linear graph framework. The construction of feasible schedules from given technological orderings is related to the construction of transitive graphs from given component graphs. Methods of constructing transitive graphs are given and bounds on the number of different transitive graphs constructed from given components are determined. A recursive convex function defined on the transitive graphs-the job operation completion time and schedule time-is studied. Bounds on the number of different values that the schedule time can attain is obtained. Examples of multiprogramming, flow shop and machine shop scheduling are studied."

"Evacuated electrical oscillating cavities frequently are found to exhibit a strong loading due to electron (or iron) multiplications, the so-called multipactor effect. This effect tends to prevent the buildup of dee voltage in cyclotrons. In conventional cyclotrons driven from external oscillators having their own resonant tank circuits the difficulties are usually slight, but in cyclotrons using a simple dee system as the tank circuit difficulties are encountered in getting the oscillator to break into full oscillation."

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