This seventh Annual Report is a summary of some of the progress in scientific and engineering research and development carried on at Argonne National Laboratory during 1961. As is customary in this series, only those portions of the total program that have reached such a stage that they may be of general interest are recorded. Thus, a comparison with the Annual Reports for 1959 (ANL-6125) and for 1960 (ANL-6275) will reveal the description of a generally different set of scientific activities. A more detailed presentation of any work covered in this report or of the many ANL projects not mentioned may be obtained by perusing the various progress and topical reports issued by the Laboratory during 1961. A list of the publications in the scientific journals during 1961 by Argonne personnel has been given as an Appendix.

Report issued by the Argonne National Laboratory covering a summary report of the work conducted by the Idaho Division. Experimental work and progress made on reactors are presented. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

Report issued by the Argonne National Laboratory discussing a summary of projects conducted with the Idaho Division. Descriptions of each project are presented. This report includes tables, and illustrations.

Report issued by the Argonne National Laboratory discussing condensation theories of metal vapors. As stated in the introduction, "the objectives of this research then are critical analysis of condensation theories and data for metal vapors and experimental evaluation of the resistance to condensation for a representative metal such as mercury" (p. 18). This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

Report issued by the Argonne national Laboratory discussing a technical and economic evaluation of a direct-cycle light-water boiling reactor designed for natural circulation and internal steam-water separation. The reference 100-Mw(e) reactor power plant design evolved from the study should have the best chance (compared to similar plants) of approaching the 8 to 9 mill/kwh total power-cost level. This report includes tables, and illustrations.

Report issued by the Argonne National Laboratory discussing the testing of an electron-bombardment heater. As stated in the abstract, "the applications of electron-bombardment heating to liquid-metal heat transfer and reactor safety experiments are discussed. The design of a high-heat-flux, electron-bombardment heater (EBH) is presented" (p. 7). This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

Report describing a pilot plant constructed at Argonne National Laboratory for studying two major process steps for the recovery of uranium and plutonium from spent nuclear fuels of power reactors. A major objective is the demonstration of optimum process conditions for the two steps for synthetic reactor fuel compositions, including those containing mixtures of inactive fission products.

Report documenting experiments in order to determine the "behavior of a partially confined liquid in contact with a rapidly heated surface" (p. 7). These liquids include water, methanol, ethylene bromide, and acetone.

Two-phase flow-regime transitions at elevated pressures for a single-component, trichloromonofluoromethane, were investigated for forced-circulation, upward flow in a vertical, rectangular conduit with internal dimensions of 0.380 by 1.050 inches.

Report issued by the Argonne National Laboratory discussing the PACER-65 computer program. As stated in the summary, the program "has been developed and utilized for flow sheet calculations and process-data reduction. PACER-65 is an executive program in which material- and energy-balance equations, conversion factors, etc., for each processing step are described by separate subroutines" (p. 5). This report includes tables, and illustrations.

From Abstract: Report discussing "the effects of developing two-phase flow regimes in a constant-pressure drop system are shown in recorded traces from a fast-response flow transducer: the mass velocity decreases and transfer-surface superheat increases with increasing steam quality."

Report issued by the Argonne National Laboratory discussing a computer program used for fast reactor safety experiments. As stated in the summary, "this report gives a detailed description of a hybrid-computer program for calculating temperatures in a multi-region, axisymmetric, cylindrical configuration consisting of solid materials bounded by flowing coolant. Included is an explanation of the mathematical methods, together with a discussion of special features, input-output descriptions, and several sample problems" (p. 7). This report includes tables, and illustrations.

From Introduction: "The Fast Reactor Test (FARET) program is part of the United States Fast Reactor Program directed toward the demonstration of breeder reactors essential to the long-range goal of utilizing fertile fuels. (1) With-in this program is the current thinking that the early construction and operation of two or three prototype nuclear power plants of the order of 250 Mw(e) will lead eventually to the construction of practical and economic full scale breeder reactors by the early 1980's. (2)"

Report issued by the Argonne National Laboratory discussing irradiation tests of an aluminum alloy-clad, aluminum-uranium alloy fuel plate. As stated in the introduction, "calculations were made to determine the lowest possible pressure which would allow the maximum possible local boiling on the plate and still assure a margin of safety against burnout" (p. 9). This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

From Introduction: "An experiment, designated MTR-W10, was designed to determine the effects of high burnup on the cladding and fuel of an aluminum-1% nickel alloy (M-388)-clad ceramic pellet-fuelded plate if the type manufactured at Argonne for the BORAX-IV core. Conditions of irradiation were selected to allow local boiling at the high flux end of the plate at a pressure of 600 psig."

Report issued by the Argonne National Laboratory discussing the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) power cycle for liquid metals. The benefits, and different phases of the MHD power cycle are presented. This report includes tables, and illustrations.

A total of nine clad plates, containing uranium -5 w/o zirconium 1.5 w/o niobium alloy cores and clad with Zircaloy-II, were rolled in plain carbon steel jackets, heat treated, physically evaluated, and corrosion tested. All these plates were found to be within predetermined dimensional tolerance in width, thickness, length, cladding thickness, and core distribution. Improved control of wielding variables and of the length of the seal pin projecting above the end plugs resulted in the elimination of frequently observed segmented inclusions at the seal pin interfaces.

Report issued by the Argonne National Laboratory discussing the proposal of the Midwest Tandem-Cyclotron accelerator facility. Descriptions of the facility designs, methods, and operations are presented. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

From Introduction: "Specifically, we shall be concerned with the case of a solid right circular cylinder of infinite axial extent, having a stress-free outer boundary, being cooled by a temperature-independent boundary conductance, and having an axial heat-generation rate of form shown in Fig. 1. The inclusion of a radial dependence proportional to I^0(r/L) is only a minor complication in solving the required heat-transfer problem and, for reference, has been included in the solution for the temperature field to be found in Section II below."

From Introduction: "The efficiency of the converter is computed with the least possible assumptions. Thermal emissivity and the interelectrode heat-transfer coefficient are varied, and the effect on efficiency is investigated."

Report issued by the Argonne National Laboratory discussing a summary report of the Particle Accelerator Division. As stated in the summary, "this report outlines two methods applicable respectively to longhand and computer calculations" (p. 4). This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

Report issued by the Argonne National Laboratory discussing the performance of magnetohydrodynamic generators. As stated in the abstract, "an experimental study was made of the performance characteristics of a liquid metal MHD generator utilizing single-phase sodium-potassium and two-phase sodium-potassium-nitrogen fluids. The purpose of this study was to compare the generator performance with theory for single-phase flow and to determine the effects of the introduction of the gaseous phase on the generator output and efficiency" (p. 9). This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

From Review of Theory: " In practice, a very close approximation to the molecular orbitals can be obtained in this way. Recent calculations of this type, utilizing analysis and computer programs developed by the author, have resulted in the determination of the molecular orbitals for a large number of diatomic molecules in the form of Eq. (2). These functions, which are thought to be very close to the Hartree-Fock (i.e., the molecular orbitals demanded by theory) result, were used in the pictorial calculations presented in this report."

From Introduction: "In 1954, the AEC presented the "five-year plan" for power reactor development, briefly outlined in Table I-1. The program proceeded and other reactors were added as a result of the incentives indicated in the outline."