A selection of Russian papers on the geochemical prospecting for ores

From introduction: The presentation of a yearly record of the Alaska mineral industry is a continuing service that has been rendered by the Geological Survey from almost the earliest years of extensive mining in Alaska, and the present report, for 1938, is the thirty-fifth of this series. 2 Such a record, especially when supplemented by the statistics for the preceding years, not only affords an authoritative summary of current 'and past conditions but also indicates trends that are of significance in suggesting the lines along which future developments of the industry are likely to proceed. These reports therefore serve miners, prospectors, and businessmen concerned with Alaska affairs as useful historical records, statements of contemporary conditions, and starting points on which some conjectures concerning future operations may be predicated.

This report is part of a series describing the structural features, the character of the oil- and gas-producing beds, and the localities where additional oil and gas may be found in parts of Osage County, Oklahoma. This part discusses the geology and resources in the center part of the county.

This report is part of a series describing the structural features, the character of the oil- and gas-producing beds, and the localities where additional oil and gas may be found in parts of Osage County, Oklahoma. This part discusses the geology and resources in the southeastern part of the county, around Hominy, Oklahoma.

From abstract: The Howe-Wilburton district is a narrow area of about 540 square miles that extends westward from the Arkansas State line for about 60 miles across Latimer and Le Flore Counties, Okla. It lies in the southern part of the Arkansas Valley physiographic province and is a part of the large Arkansas-Oklahoma coal field.

From introduction: report.-This bulletin, which is published in two parts, contains the complete results of all spirit leveling done in South Carolina by the Geological Survey of the United States Department of the Interior, including those heretofore published.1 The 34th parallel of latitude, passing through Columbia, serves to divide the State into two sections, each of which is represented by one of the parts of the bulletin. Part 1 deals with the section lying north of the 34th parallel, designated as northern South Carolina, and part 2 deals with the section lying south of that parallel, designated as southern South Carolina.

Report of the annual conference on weights and measures, hosted by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards in Washington D.C. It includes conference proceedings, a list of attendees, information about committees and officers, and other reports or commentaries discussed at the meetings.

"A quantitative criterion of merit has been needed to assist airplane designers to incorporate satisfactory spinning characteristics into new designs. An approximate empirical criterion, based on the projected side area and the mass distribution of the airplane, has been formulated in a recent British report. In the present paper, the British results have been analyzed and applied to American designs. A simpler design criterion based solely on the type and the dimensions of the tail, has been developed: it is useful in a rapid estimation of whether a new design is likely to comply with the minimum requirements for safety in spinning" (p. 1).

Note discussing the lift of a finite wing including the calculations and constants for each step of the lift. This information is compared against the lift of an infinite wing. From Summary: "Unsteady lift function for wings of finite aspect ratio have been calculated by approximate methods involving corrections of the aerodynamic inertia and of the angle of the infinite wing. The starting lift of the finite wing is found to be only slightly less than that of the infinite wing; whereas the final lift may be considerably less. The calculations indicate that the distribution of lift near the start is similar to the final distribution."

Report presenting an experiment regarding tank and float venting conditions that exist on diving airplanes undergoing rapid changes in altitude. The results indicated that large pressure differences build up between the outside and inside of tanks and floats on diving airplanes unless the correct size of venting tube is used.

The nomenclature for aeronautics presented in this Report No. 474 is a revision of the last previous report on this subject (i.e., Report no. 240.) This report is published for the purpose of encouraging greater uniformity and precision in the use of terms relating to aeronautics, both in official documents of the Government and in commercial publications. Terms in general use in other branches of engineering have been included only where they have some special significance in aeronautics, or form an integral part of its terminology.

Note presenting a description of a large number of corrugated diaphragms of beryllium copper, phosphor bronze, and Z-nickel with geometrically similar outlines but various diameters and thicknesses were formed by hydraulic pressing. The apparatus and technique used in the manufacture, testing, and heat treatment are described. Results regarding pressure-deflection curves, load limit, effect of center reinforcing, snap-action diaphragms, deflection traverse, thickness variations, and concentrated central loads are provided.

From Summary: "A theory is developed for the airfoil of finite span at supersonic speed analogous to the Prandtl airfoil theory of 1918-1919 for incompressible flow. In addition to the profile and induced drags, account must be taken at supersonic flow of still another drag, namely, the wave drag, which is independent of the wing aspect ratio. Both wave and induced drags are proportional to the square of the lift and depend on the Mach number, that is, the ratio of flight to sound speed. In general, in the case of supersonic flow, the drag-lift ratio is considerably less favorable than is the case for incompressible flow."

Report issued by the Bureau of Mines discussing analyses of Texas crude oils. As stated in the introduction, "this paper makes available in condensed tabular form under one cover all analyses of Texas crude oils made by the Bureau of Mines to March 1939" (p. 1). This report includes tables, and a map.

Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines over practices of metal mining. As stated in the introduction, "this bulletin summarizes mining practices of a large number of metal mines in the United states and foreign countries. The adaptation of mining methods best suited to the various natural conditions in mines is discussed, and comparative costs are presented" (p. 1). This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines on the oil and gas production of the Eunice oil field in southeastern New Mexico. Properties of the oil field, and analysis of the oil and gas produced are presented. This report includes tables, maps, illustrations, and photographs.

Report discussing mining practices of a large number of metal mines in the United States and foreign countries and the adaptation of mining methods best suited to the various natural conditions in mines and their comparative costs. This bulletin is concerned primarily with mining or ore production and discusses milling and marketing only in brief.

From Summary: "The theory of the rate-of-climb indicator is developed in a form adapted for application to the instrument in its present-day form. Certain dynamic effects, including instrument lag, and the use of the rate-of-climb indicator as a statoscope are also considered. Modern instruments are described. A laboratory test procedure is outlined and test results are given."

"Flight tests were made to determine the profile-drag coefficients of a portion of the original wing surface of an all-metal airplane and of a portion of the wing made aerodynamically smooth and more nearly fair than the original section. The wing section was approximately the NACA 2414.5. The tests were carried out over a range of airplane speeds giving a maximum Reynolds number of 15,000,000. Tests were also carried out to locate the point of transition from laminar to turbulent boundary layer and to determine the velocity distribution along the upper surface of the wing" (p. 483).

"Factors derived from wing theory are presented. By means of these factors, the angle of zero lift, the lift-curve slope, the pitching moment, the aerodynamic-center position, and the induced drag of tapered wings with partial-span flaps may be calculated. The factors are given for wings of aspect ratios 6 and 10 , of taper ratios from 0.25 to 1.00, and with flaps of various length. An example is presented of the method of application of the factors. Fair agreement with experimental results is shown for two wings of different taper ratio having plain flaps of various spacing" (p. 1).

"Measurements of gust structure and gust intensity were made in the lower levels of the atmosphere (0 to 3,500 ft.). An Aeronca C-2 airplane was used as the measuring instrument, the gust structure being derived from the recorded motions of the airplane. Data were also obtained on wind velocities and temperatures as functions of altitude for use in attempting to correlate the gust-structure data with various meteorological quantities" (p. 263).

"The strength of representative types of flush-riveted joints has been determined by testing 865 single-shearing, double-shearing, and tensile specimens representing 7 types of rivet and 18 types of joint. The results, presented in graphic form, show the stress at failure, type of failure, and d/t ratio. In general, dimpled joints were appreciably stronger than countersunk or protruding-head joints, but their strength was greatly influenced by constructional details" (p. 467).

"Unsteady-lift functions for wings of finite aspect ratio have been calculated by correcting the aerodynamic inertia and the angle of attack of the infinite wing. The calculations are based on the operational method. The starting lift of the finite wing is found to be only slightly less than that of the infinite wing; whereas the final lift may be considerably less" (p. 1).

From Introduction: "This report is concerned with the presentation of planning data in a form that facilities direct application to the initial stage of design."