Article reviewing several several flexible and stretchable materials used as substrate, stretchable electrical conduits and encapsulation, design modifications for stretchability, fabrication techniques, methods of signal transmission and monitoring, and the power sources for these stretchable bioelectronics. Ultimately, these bioelectronic devices can be used for wide range of applications from skin bioelectronics and biosensing devices, to neural implants for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

Article asserts that while techniques that allow one to control the arrangement of cells and direct contact between different cell types have been developed that expand upon simple co-culture methods, specific control over heterojunctions that form between cells is not easily accomplished with current methods, such as 3D cell-printing. In this article, DNA-mediated cell interactions are combined with cell-compatible photolithographic approaches to control cell assembly.