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Reactor Pressure Vessel Material Surveillance Program at the Garigliano Nuclear Power Plant
Abstract: A materials exposure program has been established in the Garigliano Nuclear Power Plant to measure the effect of neutron irradiation and time at temperate on the mechanical properties of the reactor pressure vessel steel. Base metal specimens were made from portions of the pressure vessel steel, and weld heat-affected zone and weld metal samples were taken from a weldment made from the pressure vessel steel and simulating a pressure vessel circumferential weld since there are no longitudinal welds in the forged ring shell. The specimens were sealed in helium-filled capsules and placed in the reactor vessel at locations where they will be exposed to a variety of conditions. Tensile property changes will be measured by pre- and post-irradiation tests on small tensile specimens. Fracture characteristic changes will be measured in similar fashion by Charpy V-notch impact tests. The program is planned to cover a 32-year period, with specimens to be removed for test at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 years.
Date:
March 1964
Creator:
Brandt, F. A. & Kobsa, I. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Research on Saline Water Conversion by Freezing
From Introduction: "Progress of research related to problems encountered in processes for desalination by freezing is summarized in this report, which is the first annual progress report called for under the terms of Grant 14-01-0001-295 made to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology by the Office of Saline Water in 1962."
Date:
March 1964
Creator:
Sherwood, T. K. & Brian, P. L. T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Saline Water Conversion Demonstration Plant Number 1, Freeport, Texas, Volume 2
Report documenting the ongoing progress and economic concerns of Saline Water Conversion Demonstration Plant No. 1 in Freeport, Texas.
Date:
March 1964
Creator:
Stearns-Roger Manufacturing Company
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Salt Concentration at Phase Boundaries in Desalination Processes
From Introduction: "This report explores the theory of the salt build-up phenomenon in a preliminary way. Several simplifying assumptions will be made, since the purpose is to obtain only approximate estimates of the importance of the phenomenon described."
Date:
March 1964
Creator:
Sherwood, T. K.; Brian, P. L. T. & Fisher, R. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Solidification and Separation of Ice From Saline Water
From Introduction: "The principal objective of this investigation is to promote fundamental understanding of the mechanism of solidification of aqueous solutions, and the effects of externally applied electrical and magnetic fields on solidification."
Date:
March 1964
Creator:
Adams, Clyde M., Jr. & Rohatgi, Pradeep K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Symposium on Problems in Irradiation Capsule Experiments: October 1963
From introduction: The present paper gives a brief description of the NASA Plum Brook Reactor Facility, discusses the criteria used for design of the capsules, and describes the capsules.
Date:
March 1964
Creator:
Rice, William L. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Transition and Film Boiling Data at 600, 1000, and 1400 PSIA in Forced Convection Heat Transfer to Water
Summary: Data were obtained in a two-road test section which consisted of two 7/16-inch diameter heater rods inside a roughly rectangular flow area. The heated length of the rods was 30 inches, with a 15-inch unheated calming length preceding it. Heater wall temperatures were recorded while the heater tubes were trans-versing the critical heat flux and transition boiling; these temperatures were used to calculate heat transfer coefficients. The following general results were obtaining: (a) Pressure has very little effect on the heat transfer coefficient in transition an film boiling. (b) Heat transfer coefficients during film boiling increase with mass velocity and steam quality. (c) The range of film boiling convective heat transfer coefficients observed was 364 to 1150 Btu/h-ft(2)-degrees F. (d) Temperature oscillations occur during transition boiling with a magnitude of as much 700 degrees F, at a frequency of about 1/2 cps. These temperature oscillations are reduced in magnitude as the steam quality and mass velocity are increased, becoming small (~20 degrees F) at high qualities and mass velocity. (e) A preliminary correlation of heat transfer coefficient data correlates the experimental data within about 20 percent. (f) Temperatures rises during transition boiling can be described analytically.
Date:
March 1964
Creator:
Hench, J. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Two-Phase Heat Transfer With Gas Injection Through A Porous Boundary Surface
From Introduction: "The purpose of this study is to investigate some of the hydrodyamic aspects of two-phase heat transfer in the lower quality range. The results of this study should contribute to a better and more thorough understanding of the processes and mechanisms affecting two-phase heat transfer, and in this way help in improving its prediction."
Date:
March 1964
Creator:
Kudirka, A. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Two-Phase Pressure Losses Quarterly Progress Report: Eighth Quarter, November 12, 1963 - February 11, 1964
Technical report describing that voids were measured in a ½-inch by 1-3/4-inch channel with the S-1 insert (B(0)/B(1) = 0.4, L(0) = 0.1 inch), at 2 inches ahead of the insert (position A), ½-inch past the insert (position B), 5 inches past (position C), and 12 inches past (position D). The conditions were: P – 1000 psia, G = 1.00 x 10(6) lb/h-ft(2), and x = 18.8 percent. Average void and void distribution at position A are the same as for flow in a straight channel. Void distribution at position B shows that the stagnation region downstream of the inserts contains a high fraction of voids. Average void and void distribution at positions C and d show that the two-phase mixture becomes strongly mixed (homogenized) as a result of passing through he contraction-expansion inserts. Distribution at position D approaches the distribution at position A; i.e., the straight channel distribution.
Date:
March 1, 1964
Creator:
Janssen, E. (Engineer) & Kervinen, J. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Determination of the Single Interstitial Migration Energy From Stored Energy and Thermal Resistivity Changes in Irradiated Graphite
The model used to evaluate the single interstitial migration energy from property changes due to interstitials is extended to account for vacancy contributions. The annealing function obtained can be used to determine the relative contributions of the defects and is sufficiently sensitive to distinguish vacancy effects that are an order of magnitude less than interstitial effects. Application of the model to stored energy and thermal resistivity data yields the same values of the activation energy and temperature independent term obtained from c-axis and macroscopic length expansion rates. The results indicate that the stored energy associated with the di-interstitial is at least ten times greater than the stored energy associated with the vacancy. The minor role of vacancies in phonon scattering is discussed. Analysis of the annealing function obtained from electrical resistivity changes in irradiated graphite indicates that the ratios of charge-carriers to scattering centers varies with irradiation temperature below 55°C. Above this temperature the changes are attributed to equal contributions from vacancies and interstitials.
Date:
March 26, 1963
Creator:
Schweitzer, Donald G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fundamentals of Vacuum Technology
Vacuum technology is germaine to and is utilized in an extroardinarily widespread scope of the scientific disciplines. From the medical technician freeze drying hog cholera vaccine to the solid state physicist studying thin film phenomena, vacuum technology is an important auxiliary. When one visits the NASA center at Langley and sees the clustered space environmental chambers, looking like a field of grotesque mushrooms, one realizes that vacuum technology is a vital adjunct in this most recent section of our total national scientific effort.
Date:
March 26, 1963
Creator:
Gould, C. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Note Concerning the "100% Value" in Iron Absorption Studies by Whole Body Counting
The evaluation of iron absorption using a single crystal whole-body counter is complicated by the inherent difficulty of determining a correct "100% value". Shortly after ingestion, tracer radioiron can be found in the stomach, upper small intestine, portal circulation and liver. Fourteen to twenty days later, the time at which absorption is measured most effectively, the radioiron will be distributed between the red cell mass, liver, spleen, bone marrow and other storage areas. With this mixed distribution there will always be an error because of geometric factors, and hence in counting efficiency, in using the relationship of [formula not transcribed] to calculate iron absorption. In a previous iron absorption study reported from this group, the radioiron retention measured 4 to 10 hours postingestion was used as the "100% value". The present experiments were designed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the 4 hour postingestion count as the "100% value" as compared to the immediate postingestion body count, and to compare these values with an intravenous Fe59 calibrated absorption. These studies were performed with the realization that there is no absolute solution to the problem.
Date:
March 26, 1963
Creator:
Schiffer, L.; Price, D. C.; Cuttner, J.; Cohn, S. H. & Cronkite, E. P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Polymerization in Solid Solutions of Acrylamide in Propionamide
It has previously been shown that the polymer formed in solid state polymerization of acrylamide is amorphous in spite of the fact that the reaction takes place within a crystalline solid. The stage at which it becomes amorphous is not known at present. Work with dilute solid solutions of acrylamide in propionamide suggests that this occurs after the addition of, at most, a very few monomer units.
Date:
March 26, 1963
Creator:
Adler, G. & Reams, W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of Low Levels of X-Rays and Irradiation from C14 and H3 on Cell Population Kinetics in the Root Tip of Tradescantia
Reciprocal labelling in double-labelling experiments with H3- and C14- thymidine showed that when H3- thymidine (1μc/ml for 0.5 hr) was given first in the labelling sequence followed by a 4 hr interval before the C14- thymidine treatment, that passage of cells into and out of DNA synthesis was normal. When C14 was first in the sequence, the rate at which cells entered DNA synthesis was decreased. This was attributed to a radiation effect produced by the β-rays from the C14. The rate at which cells entered DNA synthesis was studied after 0.1, 1 and 10 rads of x-rays. A dose of 1 and 10 rads decidedly depressed the rate. Treatment of roots with 2, 20, and 200 μc/ml of tritiated water for 0.5 hr showed that the 2 higher concentrations produced an effect similar to the x-rays. This indicated that somewhere between 1 and 8 disintegrations per cell per 0.5 hr will produce a decrease in the rate at which cells enter DNA synthesis. In both the x-ray and H32O experiments the depression of the rate that cells entered DNA synthesis seemed to reach saturation at the higher doses.
Date:
March 25, 1963
Creator:
Wimber, Donald E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mechanical Behavior of Crystalline Solids: Proceedings of a Symposium, April 28-29, 1962
From Introduction: "These first three chapters from a background of introduction and general ideas about dislocations. The next two chapters are concerned specifically with properties of ceramic materials, with emphasis on single crystals."
Date:
March 25, 1963
Creator:
United States. Bureau of Standards.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Parameters of the 132 eV Neutron Resonance in Co 59
An accurate determination of the parameters of the resonance excited by the interaction of the 132 eV neutrons with the Co 59 target nucleus has been made, using the fast choppers at Brookhaven National Laboratory in the United States and Chalk River Laboratory in Canada. Neutron transmission through thick and thin samples resulted in the following parameters: [parameters not transcribed]. In addition, measurements of the resonance capture γ-ray intensity gave the value for the radiation width Γγ= 0.40 ± 0.04 eV, based on the known thermal capture cross section of cobalt of 37.5 barns. The reduced and total resonance capture integrals are calculated from the above parameters to be 50.5 ± 5.5 and 67.0 ± 5.5 barns, respectively. The above results are compared with previously determined resonance parameters and also with direct measurements of the total resonance capture integral.
Date:
March 25, 1963
Creator:
Jain, A. P.; Chrien, R. E.; Moore, J. A. & Palevsky, H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of Failed Hot Gas Isostatic Pressed Fuel Rods
From introduction: "Evaluations to determine cause of fuel rods breakage following irradiation."
Date:
March 20, 1963
Creator:
Baroch, C. J. & Boyer, C. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
SNAP 7D: stronium-90 fueled thermoelectric generator power source, thirty-watt U.S. Navy Floating Weather Station, final report
The objectives of the SNAP-7D program were to design, manufacture, test and deliver a thirty-watt electric generating system for a modified U.S. Navy NOMAD-class weather buoy to be stationed in the Gulf of Mexico. The sixty-watt Strontium-90 thermoelectric generator, the relay panel, the batteries, and the installation of the system in a boat-type buoy are described. In addition to delivering the power supply, many tests were required for the SNAP-7D system to demonstrate its conformance to the contract statement of work.
Date:
March 15, 1963
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Stratospheric Monitoring Program
"Results of the continuing stratospheric flight test evaluation program for the Del Model I Electrostatic Precipitator Sampler and the Del Electrical Discharge Altimeter are described and discussed. Only one of four balloon launches reached floating altitude. The altimeter obtained an altitude recording consistent with concurrent aneroid barocoder readings. The reported gross gamma concentration for the precipitator sampler was approximates 25 and 80% higher than those of the two simultaneous direct flow filter samples. The completion of the design and construction of two prototype units of the Del Electrical Discharge Altimeter and their laboratory evaluation are described. A preliminary design concept is presented for an operational high volume electrostatic precipitator sampler to operate with high collection efficiency at an ambient flowrate of 500 cfm throughout the altitude range 100,000 to 150,000 ft."
Date:
March 15, 1963
Creator:
Cravitt, S.; Lilienfeld, P.; Foldes, A. & Lippmann, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adaptation of a Commercial Counter X-Ray Diffractometer for Investigations to 3000°C
The rapid advances in many technologically important areas have not only served to accentuate the increased demands for high temperature metals and ceramics but have necessitated a more through knowledge of their physical properties when exposed to high temperature service. Toward this latter end, the use of X-ray diffraction has proved an invaluable tool in providing data of regions of thermal stability, expansion coefficients, solid solubility limits, and phase transformations by direct examination at temperature. Since this Laboratory has for some time now been engaged in the study of refractory nuclear materials, it was thought desirable to employ and possibly extend this technique to temperatures ranging up to 3000°C. This communication will describe the equipment developed for this purpose, with experimental results to be described in subsequent publications.
Date:
March 12, 1963
Creator:
LaPalca, Samuel; Farber, Gerald & Adler, George
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cell Population Kinetics of an Osteogenetic Tissue, I
Cell proliferation on the actively growing periosteal surface of the femur of rabbits aged two weeks, has been investigated using autoradiographic techniques. Injections of tritiated glycine and tritiated thymidine were given simultaneously and the animals sacrificed at intervals from one hour to 5 days after injection. The glycine labelled the position of the bone surface at the time of injection and the thymidine labelled the cells which were synthesizing DNA . The rate of increase in the cell population was determined by counting the number of cells beyond the glycine label at different times after injection. The cell kinetics of the fibroblast--pre-osteoblast--osteoblast--osteocyte system has been studied. The fibroblasts are relatively unimportant from the point of view of increase in the cell population. The main site of cell proliferation is the layer of preosteoblasts on the periosteal surface. The rate of movement of cells from the pre-osteoblast to the osteoblast and osteocyte compartments has been measured. The incorporation of osteoblasts into the bone is not a random process, but it appears that the osteoblast must spend a certain time on the periosteal surface before becoming either an osteocyte or a relatively inactive osteoblast lining a haversian canal. During its most active …
Date:
March 12, 1963
Creator:
Maureen, Owen
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cell Population Kinetics of an Osteogenetic Tissue, II
A study of the cell kinetics on the actively growing periosteal surface of the femur of rabbits ages two weeks has been continues. A single injection of tritiated thymidine was given and the rabbits killed from one hour to four days after injection. The grain count spectra of the different cell types, pre-osteoblast, osteoblast and osteocyte, have been compared at different times after injection. The results showed evidence for the uptake of thymidine in nuclei which is not associated with cell division. A small percentage of osteoblasts was initially labelled at one hour and there was evidence that the majority of these had not divided by 3 or 4 days after injection. Some thymidine labelled cells had also become osteocytes without division. Furthermore, it appeared that a considerable fraction of the initially labelled pre-osteoblasts did not divide. The S-period for the pre-osteoblasts and osteoblasts was measured using a double-labelled thymidine technique.
Date:
March 12, 1963
Creator:
Owen, Maureen & Pherson, Sheila Mac
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Four Short Articles on Genetics of Maize
Studies carried on since 1956 indicate that the prosaic breeding procedure of sibbing among the most perennial segregates in the hybrid of 4n maize x 4n perennial teosinte quickly restores perennialism to 50% maize tetraploids through increasing the expression of the rhizomatous habit under selection pressure. Similarly, only two generations of selection at the 75% maize level have resulted in a progressive recovery of the perennial expressive. A high degree of maize-likeness therefore appears to be compatible with the perennial expression at the 4n level.
Date:
March 12, 1963
Creator:
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Linkage in Autotetraploids and Allotetraploids of Zea
Studies of linkage in polyploids have been exceedingly rare. Only three previous studies of linkage in autotetraploid maize have been reported. Murray (1944), in a limited analysis of crossing over among 4 linked markers in chromosome 2, found varying degree of difference in linkage values between 2n and 4n maize in the three interposed segments. Dempsey (1956) found linkage values wx - c region of chromosome 9 to correspond closely between autotetraploid and diploid maize. More recently Welch (1962), in a more extensive analysis of linkage among the same group of chromosome 2 markers studied earlier by Murray, concluded that although individual progenies varied, linkage values in diploid and tetraploid maize, with some exceptions, are similar. Limited data from one segment of the allotetraploid of perennial teosinte x maize (Emerson and Beadle 1932) probably represent the only reported linkage tabulation in this type of polyploid. A further study of linkage of Zea polyploids seemed worthwhile because of the increasing practical importance of polyploids, of the possibility of adding to fundamental knowledge of tetraploid cytology and genetics, and of the bearing such work may have upon the question of the taxonomic affinities of maize.
Date:
March 12, 1963
Creator:
Shaver, Donald L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library