In casting, fluidity is the measure of the distance a metal can flow in a channel before being stopped by solidification. During mold filling, the metal loses heat to the surrounding mold, thereby cooling and becoming more viscous until the leading portion solidifies and no further flow is possible. A coupled heat-transfer and fluid-flow modeling of a spiral, involving the use of thermophysical properties to determine material fluidity, has been conducted. Simulations of these experiments utilized the Casting Process Simulator (CaPS) software developed at Argonne National Laboratory. Two types of spiral geometries with different assumptions were considered: (1) a two-dimensional laterally stretched spiral and (2) a three-dimensional lateral spiral. The computer extent of mold filling is in good agreement with the experimental results. Time required by the metal/gas interface to attain specific positions in the spiral arm also compares favorably with the experimental results. The influence of process variables, especially pour time, is discussed. The CaPS software has been used as a computational tool to investigate the validity of the dimensionality assumptions and to evaluate the ability of CaPS to model fluidity adequately.

A report about the geochemical and mineralogic study of the U.S. Virgin Islands indicates the presence of a previously undocumented Sn-Pb and precious metals.

Annual report for the superconductor program at Argonne National Laboratory discussing the group's activities and research. This report describes technical progress of research and development efforts aimed at producing superconducting components in the Y-Ba-Cu, (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu, (Tl,Pb,Bi)-(Ba,Sr)-Ca-Cu, and Hg-Ba-Ca-Cu-O oxide systems including: synthesis and heat treatment of high-Ta superconductors, formation of monolithic and composite conductors, characterization of structures and superconducting and mechanical properties, and fabrication and testing of prototype components.

Annual report of activities of the Argonne National Laboratory Physics Division, including heavy-ion nuclear physics research, operation and development of ATLAS, medium-energy nuclear physics research, theoretical physics, atomic and molecular physics research.

Partial abstract: Frequent dredging requirements and scouring at the foundation of Ocean City Inlet's south jetty resulted in a study to determine the source of the shoaling and scouring. The study concluded that sand was being transported northward along Assateague Island, through and over the south jetty, and deposited inside the inlet. The sand was then transported north by ebb currents where it encroached on the Federal navigation channel. A rehabilitation program was initiated to create a littoral barrier to eliminate the shoaling problem and to repair the scour hold. Three headland breakwaters were constructed to stabilize Northern Assateague Island. The site was selected as part of the Monitoring Completed Coastal Projects (MCCP) Program to determine how well the rehabilitation project accomplished its design purpose.

A program was established for DOE Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (EM) to evaluate factors that are anticipated to affect waste glass reaction during repository disposal, especially in an unsaturated environment typical of what may be expected for the proposed Yucca Mountain repository site.

This document reports on the work done by the Nuclear Waste Programs of the Chemical Technology Division (CMT), Argonne National Laboratory, in the period April-September 1992. In these programs, studies are underway on the performance of waste glass and spent fuel in projected nuclear repository conditions to provide input to the licensing of the nation's high-level waste repositories.

Annual report of the Argonne National Laboratory Chemical Technology Division (CMT) discussing the group's activities during 1992. These included electrochemical technology; fossil fuel research; hazardous waste research; nuclear waste programs; separation science and technology; integral fast reactor pyrochemical processes; actinide recovery; applied physical chemistry; basic chemistry research; and analytical chemistry.

This report is based on the findings from an observational study on the Hawaiian monk seal on Laysan Island in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands during April 8 to July 20 1987 and March 30 to July 16 1989. The data collected focuses on haul-out, behavior, and reproductive patterns; population structure; and factors affecting survival.

This report talks about some of the current domestic and international research activities of the Office of Mineral Resources, Geological Division of the USGS.

The COMMIX-M computer code, which describes steady-state and transient single- and multi-component flows in engineering systems, has been implemented to simulate suspension flows in laminar regimes and turbulent and bubbly particulate flows. This report presents a synopsis of the present code's capabilities, with particular emphasis on the recent development of turbulence models, and explains in detail the modifications necessary to simulate particulate flows and bubbly flows. First results of computations of turbulent bubbly and particulate flows are then given and compared with results of computations reported in the literature and with preliminary experimental results obtained at the Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Germany).

Borosilicate glass is to be used for permanent disposal of high-level nuclear waste in a geologic repository. Mechanistic chemical models are used to predict the rate at which radionuclides will be released from the glass under repository conditions. The most successful and useful of these models link reaction path geochemical modeling programs with a glass dissolution rate law that is consistent with transition state theory. These models have been used to simulate several types of short-term laboratory tests of glass dissolution and to predict the long-term performance of the glass in a repository. Although mechanistically based, the current models are limited by a lack of unambiguous experimental support for some of their assumptions. The most severe problem of this type is the lack of an existing validated mechanism that controls long-term glass dissolution rates. Current models can be improved by performing carefully designed experiments and using the experimental results to validate the rate-controlling mechanisms implicit in the models. These models should be supported with long-term experiments to be used for model validation. The mechanistic basis of the models should be explored by using modern molecular simulations such as molecular orbital and molecular dynamics to investigate both the glass structure and …

A combination of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with backscattered electron detection (SEM/BSE), and analytical electron microscopy (AEM) is being used to determine the nature of uranium in soils from the Fernald Environmental Management Project. The information gained from these studies is being used to develop and test remediation technologies. Investigations using SEM have shown that uranium is contained within particles that are typically 1 to 100 micrometers in diameter. Further analysis with AEM has shown that these uranium-rich regions are made up of discrete uranium-bearing phases. The distribution of these uranium phases was found to be inhomogeneous at the microscopic level.

The following report documents results taken from a reconnaissance geochemical survey that was conducted in the northwest-trending Alexander terrane, Gravina-Nutzotin overlap assemblage, and Taku terrane in southeast Alaska in the Craig and Dixon Entrance quadrangles and the western edges of the Ketchikan and Prince Rupert quadrangles.

The following report analyzes the data recorded from the observational studies on the Hawaiian monk seal at French Frigate Shoals in the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuse during 1990 and 1991. The data recorded focuses on reproduction rates, necropsies, deaths, entanglement, and survival methods.

The following report presents detailed lethologic and conodont biostratigraphic data from four measured sections in the lower part of the Oquirrh Group in the Oquirrh Mountains of Utah and the Deep Creek and Samaria Mountains of Idaho.

This report analyzes data collected on a study of age-length and somatic growth interrelationships for the Hawaiian pink snapper, or "opakapaka," Pristipomoides filamentosus.

From introduction: This report presents the results of a movable-bed model investigation concerned with the development of plans for the improvement of the Dogtooth Bend reach of the Mississippi River.

Interim report describing progress to develop glassy slag waste forms that support environmental restoration efforts.

From introduction: This report describes the Delhi Pike area, which is an area of landsliding we believe to be representative of landslides in colluvium throughout the Cincinnati metropolitan area. The area has been the focus of several detailed studies reported in other chapters in this bulletin. The purpose of the report is to describe the physical setting and movement styles of the landslides and, thus, to provide a context for the more narrowly focused chapters that follow.

From abstract: The report for document C is about the tectonic trends of the northern part of the Paradox Basin of southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado, as derived from Landsat multispectral scanner imaging and geophysical and geologic mapping. The report for document D is about an uncontrolled X-band airborn radar-image mosaic that was compiled for the western three-fifths of the Moab 1° x 2° quadrangle of southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado.

Report on proposed channel improvements downstream from Prado Dam in order to provide sufficient protection for the highly urbanized lower Santa Ana floodplain.

The results of the environmental surveillance program conducted at Site A/Plot M in the Palos Forest Preserve area for CY 1993 are presented. The surveillance program is the ongoing remedial action that resulted from the 1976-1978 radiological characterization of the site. That study determined that very low levels of hydrogen-3 (as tritiated water) had migrated from the burial ground and were present in two nearby hand-pumped picnic wells.

This annual report on the ANL environmental protection program provides the DOE, environmental agencies, and the public with information on the levels of radioactive and chemical pollutants in the vicinity of ANL and on the amounts, if any, added to the environment by ANL operations. It also summarizes compliance of ANL operations with applicable environmental laws and regulations and highlights significant accomplishments and problems related to environmental protection. The report follows the guidelines given in DOE Order 5400.1.