Abstract: This publication collects and summarizes the specialized information needed to operate the ac-dc difference laboratory and calibration service at NIST (Gaithersburg). It also serves as a convenient reference source for the users of this calibration service and other interested people by documenting the service and its underlying background in considerable detail. It contains the following: an annotated table of contents, a topical index, and a glossary of common ac-dc acronyms; an overview of the service; selected published papers; instructions for the operation of the comparator systems; a schedule for the recalibration and periodic checks of the NIST thermal converters; and a sample report of calibration.

Graphs plotting selected response spectrums from seismic analysis models.

Highlights of the Chemical Technology (CMT) Division's activities during 1988 are presented. In this period, CMT conducted research and development in the following areas: (1) high-performance batteries (mainly lithium-alloy/metal sulfide, sodium/metal chloride, and sodium/sulfur); (2) aqueous batteries (lead-acid, nickel/iron, etc.); (3) advanced fuel cells with molten carbonate or solid oxide electrolytes; (4) coal utilization, including the heat and seed recovery technology for coal-fired magnetohydrodynamics plants and the technology for fluidized bed combustion; (5) methods for recovery of energy from municipal waste and techniques for treatment of hazardous chemical waste; (6) nuclear technology related to a process for separating and recovering. transuranic elements from nuclear waste and for producing 99Mo from low-enriched uranium targets, the recovery processes for discharged fuel and the uranium blanket in a sodium-cooled fast reactor, and waste management; and (7) physical chemistry of selected materials in environments simulating those of fission and fusion energy systems.

From introduction: The principal purpose of this report is to determine the local sediment sources of beach sand samples from the Oceanside, Mission Beach, and Silver Strand littoral cells.

A report discussing a leak and structural test of a personal airlock, for LWR contaminants, subjected to pressures and temperatures beyond the design limits.

The Annex to the 7-GeV Advanced Photon Source Conceptual Design Report updates the Conceptual Design Report of 1987 (CDR-87) to include the results of further optimization and changes of the design during the past year. The design changes can be summarized as affecting three areas: the accelerator system, conventional facilities, and experimental systems. Most of the changes in the accelerator system result from inclusion of a positron accumulator ring (PAR), which was added at the suggestion of the 1987 DOE Review Committee, to speed up the filling rate of the storage ring. The addition of the PAR necessitates many minor changes in the linac system, the injector synchrotron, and the low-energy beam transport lines. 63 figs., 18 tabs.

Report of Argonne Chemical Technology division activities, including high-performance batteries, aqueous batteries, advanced fuel cells, and coal utilization.

Definitions, capabilities of the calibration system and techniques of calibration are presented.

Report on the results of a study to develop phase-change slurries as advanced energy transmission fluids.

From introduction: This report describes the objectives, scope, design, drilling and hydrologic history, and the test results collected during permeability testing of sub-horizontal boreholes drilled in the waste-handling shaft (WHS) at the Waste Pilot Plant (WIPP) site located in southeastern New Mexico.

This report presents two detailed computerized operating procedures developed to assist and control the shearing and dissolution of irradiated fuel rods. The procedures were employed in the destructive analysis of end-of-life fuel rods from the Light Water Breeder Reactor (LWBR) that was designed by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory. Seventeen entire fuel rods from the end-of-life core of the LWBR were sheared into 169 precisely characterized segments, and more than 150 of these segments were dissolved during execution of the LWBR Proof-of-Breeding (LWBR-POB) Analytical Support Project at Argonne National Laboratory. The procedures illustrate our approaches to process monitoring, data reduction, and quality assurance during the LWBR-POB work.

Report issued by the National Bureau of Standards over the 1985 Mexico earthquake. The rescue efforts and damage assessments are discussed. This report includes tables, maps, illustrations, and photographs.

The technology of breeding uranium-233 from thorium-232 in a light water reactor is being developed and evaluated by the Westinghouse Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory (BAPL) through operation and examination of the Shippingport Light Water Breeder Reactor (LWBR). Bettis is determining the end-of-life (EOL) inventory of fissile uranium in the LWBR core by nondestructive assay of a statistical sample comprising approximately 500 EOL fuel rods. This determination is being made with an irradiated-fuel assay gauge based on neutron interrogation and detection of delayed neutrons from each rod. The EOL fissile inventory will be compared with the beginning-of-life fissile loading of the LWBR to determine the extent of breeding. In support of the BAPL proof-of-breeding (POB) effort, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) carried out destructive physical, chemical, and radiometric analyses on 17 EOL LWBR fuel rods that were previously assayed with the nondestructive gauge. The ANL work included measurements on the intact rods; shearing of the rods into pre-designated contiguous segments; separate dissolution of each of the more than 150 segments; and analysis of the dissolver solutions to determine each segment's uranium content, uranium isotopic composition, and loading of selected fission products. This report describes the facilities in which this work was carried …

Beam hardening (BH), caused by the energy dependence of x-ray attenuation in materials, reduces the reliability of images generated by computed tomographic (CT) when polychromatic x-ray sources are used. The magnitude of the BH effect was calculated, and four different approaches to BH correction for CT imaging of ceramics were investigated: the ''water bag'' approach, pre-hardening of the beam by use of a filter, linearization correction, and dual-energy methods. The dual-energy approach appears to be a promising means of BH correction for CT imaging of ceramics.

Report on technical progress in the various research and assessment activities of Argonne National Laboratory.

From abstract: The thermophysical and transport properties of selected fluids have been programmed in FORTRAN 77 which is available for micro computers. The input variables are any two of P, p, T (pressure, density, and temperature) in the single phase regions, and either P or T for the saturated liquid or vapor states. The output is pressure, density, temperature, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, specific heat capacities (Cp and Cv), speed of sound and, in most cases, viscosity, thermal conductivity and dielectric constant.

Abstract: Gain and antenna parameters related to input impedance are calculated using a computer program called HVD6. This program uses well documented equations to compute these parameters for gain-standard antennas used in relative-gain or gain-transfer measurements at frequencies below 1000 MHz. The utility of this program is that it calculates gain patterns and input impedances for linear dipoles above perfect or imperfectly conducting plane ground and in free space, and for monopoles on perfectly conducting plane ground. Examples are included to illustrate the use of the program. Uncertainties in the calculated parameters are estimated to be less than those of the measured parameters.

Abstract: Electroexplosive devices (EEDs) are electrically fired explosive initiators used in a wide variety of applications. The nature of most of these applications requires that the devices function with near certainty when required and remain inactive otherwise. Recent concern with pulsed electromagnetic interference (EMI) and nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) made apparent the lack of methodology for assessing EED vulnerability. A new and rigorous approach for characterizing EED firing levels is developed in the context of statistical linear models and is demonstrated in this paper. We combine statistical theory and methodology with thermodynamic modeling to determine the probability that an EED, of a particular type, fires when excited by a pulse of a given width and amplitude. The results can be applied to any type of EED for which the hot-wire explosive binder does not melt below the firing temperature. Included are methods.for assessing model validity and for obtaining probability plots, called "Firing Likelihood Plots". A method of measuring the thermal time constant of an EED is given. This parameter is necessary to evaluate the effect of a train of pulses. These statistical methods are both more general and more efficient than previous methods for EED assessment. The results provide information …

Abstract: Shielding effectiveness relates to a material's ability to reduce the transmission of propagating fields in order to electromagnetically isolate one region from another. Because a complex material's shielding capability is difficult to predict, it often must be measured. A number of measurement approaches are studied including the use of a shielded room, coaxial transmission line holders, time domain signals, the dual TEM cell, and an apertured TEM cell in a reverberation chamber. In each case, we consider the system's frequency range, test sample requirements, test field type, dynamic range, time required, analytical background, and present data taken on a common set of materials.

Report documenting results of an airborne high-sensitivity gamma-ray spectrometer and magnetometer survey of the Eureka quadrangle in California, including data acquisition methods, a summary of data and outline of data presentation, area geology, and interpretation of results.

Abstract: Contained herein is a bibliography of sources of experimental and correlated thermodynamic data for the systems: CO₂ + NH₃ + H₂O, CO₂ + H₂S + H₂O, H₂S + NH₃ + H₂O, and CO₂ + NH₃ + H₂S + H₂O. The types of data in this bibliography include all types of equilibrium data, including both eqilibria [sic] in solution and vapor-liquid equilibrium data, enthalpies, heat capacities, and densities. There are 215 references cited. Bibliographic Data Sheet.

Average record data listings taken during aerial gamma-ray and magnetic surveys of the Eureka quadrangle in California.

Single record data listings taken during aerial gamma-ray and magnetic surveys of the Eureka quadrangle in California.

Pre and postprocessors have been written for an established hydraulic program (COMMIX-IHX) which enables prediction of the internal crossflow field for each tube of Argonne's Test Heat Exchanger and identification of those tubes most likely to experience fluid-elastic instability, together with the instability vibration mode. While the direct use of the HXVA method is limited to single pass, single-segmentally baffled tube bundle configurations, its algorithms and methods can be applied to any type of heat exchanger which can be analyzed by COMMIX-IHX. The processors are explained and an example problem is given along with comparisons of experimental results.