Included in this semi-monthly report written in 1943 are progress with neutron beams, neutron absorption in enriched materials, equipment operation and maintenance reports of the cyclotron neutron source facility, and instrumentation maintenance activities of individuals in the cyclotron group. (GHT)

In an early continuation of the investigation of the radioactive isotopes of element number 43 (technetium) Segre and Seaborg produced by the deuteron and neutron bombardment of molybdenum the isotope Tc{sup 99}, which they observed to decay by means of an isomeric transition with a half-life of 6.6 hours to a lower isomeric state with a half-life greater than 40 years. The upper isomeric state of this isotope was observed by Segre and C. S. Wu to be produced in the fission of uranium and more recently R. P. Schumann and also D. C. Lincoln and W. H Sullivan working on the Plutonium Project of the Manhattan District have independently observed the beta-particles of half-life about 10 years due to the lower isomeric state. Later work by E. E. Motta and G. E. Boyd sets a more accurate value of 9.4 x 10{sup 5} years for this half-life. Since this isotope is formed in rather large amounts, namely, a fission yield of 6.2%, in the slow neutron induced fission of uranium it is now possible to isolate technetium in weighable amounts and in rather substantial quantities. For example, a uranium pile operating at a power level of 10{sup 5} kw …

In an attempt to detect a possible influence of the atomic electrons on the radioactive decay constant of Be{sup 7} they have measured {lambda}{sub Be}-{lambda}{sub BeO} and found (-3.0 {+-} 1.8) 10{sup -4} {lambda}{sub Be}. They describe also a method to measure mean lives of radioactive substances in a time short compared with the mean life.

The participation of phosphorus in biological oxidation-reduction reactions of the type found in glycolysis ADP + PO{sub 4}H{sup -} + 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde + DPN{sup +} = 3-phosphoglycerate{sup -} + 2H{sup +} + DPNH + ATP has suggested theories in which similar reactions are proposed for photosynthesis. In these theories the reducing power of photosynthesis is utilized not only for reduction of carbon dioxide but also, by means of coupled oxidations, for the generation of high-energy phosphate bonds, or in the last reference directly for the generation of high-energy phosphate. Since in these theories acyl phosphate is formed from inorganic phosphate, they are amenable to proof without isolation of particular intermediates, by means of radioactive phosphorus. It would be expected that the rate of conversion of inorganic phosphate to organic phosphate would be greater in light than in the dark. They have investigated this possibility under a variety of conditions and are unable to substantiate the theories.

The authors have produced and identified two new series of alpha-particle emitting radioactive elements; one is a 'collateral' branch of the actinium (4n + 3) radioactive family and the other is collateral to the thorium (4n) family. The series are of considerable interest in that they are the first whose early members lie on the neutron deficient side of beta stability. They have been produced in high yield of irradiation of thorium with deuterons of energy about {sup 80}Mev in the Berkeley 184-inch cyclotron. So far as the present observations are concerned both of these series begin with isotopes of protactinium (atomic number 91), although progenitors with higher atomic numbers are to be expected and will possibly be produced and identified. These protactinium isotopes are Pa{sup 227} and Pa{sup 228} formed by d,7n and d,6n reactions respectively.

This report gives a short summary of each of the following programs: (1) 184-inch Cyclotron Program; (2) 60-inch Cyclotron Program; (3) Synchrotron Program; (4) Linear Accelerator Program; (5) Experimental Physics; (6) Theoretical Physics; (7) Chemistry; (8) Medical Physics; and (9) Health Physics and Chemistry.

This is a monthly progress report on the following programs: (1) 184-inch Cyclotron; (2) 60-inch Cyclotron; (3) Synchrotron; (4) Linear Accelerator; (5) Experimental Physics; (6) Theoretical Physics; (7) Isotope Research; (8) Chemistry; (9) Medical Physics; and (10) Health Physics and Chemistry.

Although the overall reaction of photosynthesis can be specified with some degree of certainty (CO{sub 2} + H{sub 2}O + light {yields} sugars + possibly other reduced substances), the intermediates through which the carbon passes during the course of this reduction have, until now, been largely a matter of conjecture. The availability of isotopic carbon, that is, a method of labeling the carbon dioxide, provides the possibility of some very direct experiments designed to recognize these intermediates and, perhaps, help to understand the complex sequence and interplay of reactions which must constitute the photochemical process itself. The general design of such experiments is an obvious one, namely the exposure of the green plant to radioactive carbon dioxide and light under a variety of conditions and for continually decreasing lengths of time, followed by the identification of the compounds into which the radioactive carbon is incorporated under each condition and time period. From such data it is clear that in principle, at least, it should be possible to establish the sequence of compounds in time through which the carbon passes on its path from carbon dioxide to the final products. In the course of shortening the photosynthetic times, one times, one …

This monthly progress report covers the following programs: (1) 184-inch Cyclotron; (2) 60-inch Cyclotron; (3) Synchrotron; (4) Linear Accelerator; (5) Experimental Physics; (6) Theoretical Physics; (7) Chemistry; (8) Medical Physics; and (9) Health Physics and Chemistry.

All errors due to diffraction effects in a neutron attenuation experiment are computed. Also a special experiment to measure the forward intensity of diffracted neutrons from lead and copper is described, and the results given. These agree with the theoretical values.

This document presents the monthly reports of the 200 area technical group for July--December, 1947. (KS)

The effects of ionizing radiation on the lung, specifically the bronchial tubes, were discussed relative to the incidence of lung cancer in radium miners. The energy transferred to the epithelium by inhaled radon was calculated, and the steps in the process leading to the initiation of cancer were described. (ACR)

This report describes the basic design, intermediate and final stacking procedures, and graphite behavior of nuclear reactors DR and H during construction. Included in the report are test records to substantiate basic design assumptions and data and the actual performance of the graphite during preliminary and final stacking.

This report discusses effluent dilution of a retention basin at the Hanford Works in 1943. (JL)

This document serves to record pertinent information regarding detection and repair of a water leak in Process Tube No. 3169-F in the F File and subsequent steps necessary to remove the water from the pile in order to return to normal level.

Data acquired from the sampling of Columbia River water January 11, 1944, is presented. The water was analyzed for temperature, dissolved oxygen, and iron. The results were compared with results from samples attained from selected taps in the C.M.X. building.

The uranium slugs were used as the charge into the pile for the manufacture of minute quantities of plutonium. So little was known of uranium`s commercially adaptable physical properties that it was relegated almost to the category of a laboratory curiosity. A series of experimental and developmental programs were inaugurated to determine not only the extrudability, machinability and other physical properties, but also the influence on these of microscopic quantities of impurities present in the uranium. This historical document describes these early studies in the following sections: exceptional characteristics of the slug program; extrusion; drawing, waging and rolling; outgassing and straightening; Project 1030 (procurement of an additional sixty tons of finished slugs over and above that quantity originally supplied to the Clinton Laboratories) Machining, grinding and grooving; development of canning methods; production of canned slugs; and The Dummy Slug program.

The processing of eastern oil shale has long been known to require the addition of hydrogen to increase the oil yield. Several researchers, have investigated the use of both high pressure hydrogen and hydrogen donor solvents. Much of the donor solvent work has used pure,compounds such as tetralin and has not addressed the use of-a more realistic solvent such as one derived from the production process itself. The work reported herein is for the research Task 1.2.2, Process Studies, in the Annual Project Plan, October l, 1990--September 30, 1991, of the Cooperative Agreement. In the study, a shale oil-derived, recycle oil was used to mediate the transfer of hydrogen to eastern oil shale. The work was divided into two main parts which correspond to the two main portions of the Hydrogen-Extraction (H-E{trademark}) process: (1) the shale oil extraction which involves the use of a donor solvent to aid in the extraction of the shale oil and (2) the regeneration of the donor solvent to a hydrogen-rich state ready for recycle. The results of the investigation to evaluate shale oil extraction using a shale oil-derived donor solvent suggest that temperature had the, greatest effort on organic conversion. At a temperature of …

Operation of the 100F pile is reported on. Ongoing construction is described; detailing population and occupancy. Visitors and the Schenectady report are discussed. A copy of the June 4 letter from Carleton Shugg to Carrol L. Wilson pertaining to flooding of the Columbia and Yakima rivers is included.

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Progress is reported on the topics of extrusion and canning. The information on canning is broken down into: Production test 313-74-M, studies of aluminium cans, selection of surface rejection standards, thorium, and the effect of high and low tin in bronze on tin carry-over to canning bath.

This report details Technical Division activities for the week ending May 29, 1943.

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The large-scale recovery of uranium from materials which also contained great quantities of fluorides did not give a product which had a low enough fluoride content to be treated satisfactorily by the other extraction process. The objective of the investigations carried out in this laboratory was a method of reducing the amount of fluoride which accompanied the uranium. The material from which the uranium was recovered in the industrial process was a slag containing (in addition to uranium) magnesium fluoride, calcium and dolomitic lines, crucible dross, and other waste products from the reaction of magnesium metal and uranium hexafluoride. Most of the fluoride was removed from this mixture by heating the roasted and ground slag with sulfuric acid. The residue was mixed with water and much of the caclium sulfate and fluoride, magnesium fluoride, and hydrated ferric oxide and alumina was precipitated by reducing the acidity. After filtering off the precipitate, ammonium sulfate was added to the solution and uranium peroxide (UO{sub 4} {center_dot} 2H{sub 2}O) was precipitated by addition of hydrogen peroxide. The pH of the solution was maintained between 3.0 and 3.5 during the precipitation by addition of sodium hydroxide. The uranium peroxide, even after washing, contained between …