This report summarizes the results of eight crucible melt tests and three bench-scale in situ vitrification (ISV) test that were performed on simulated metals/soils mixtures containing actual site soils from the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). The crucible melt and bench-scale ISV tests are a part of efforts by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to assist the INEL in conducting a treatability study on ISV for application to the mixed waste buried at the INEL subsurface disposal area (SDA). The crucible melt tests were performed to evaluate the effect of various chemical additives and metal oxidation techniques on soil melting temperatures, melt viscosities, metals versus electrode oxidation potentials, and metals incorporation in the glass. The bench-scale ISV tests were performed to supplement the existing ISV data base with information on certain hazardous materials that have not been adequately evaluated in previous ISV tests. These materials included five EP toxicity metals, various volatile organic materials fixed in a cementitious matrix (including carbon tetrachloride (CCl{sub 4}), trichloroethylene (TCE), and tetrachloroethylene (PCE)), and asbestos. In addition, the bench-scale test were used to evaluated the effect of the proposed chemical additive on ISV processing performance and product quality. 8 refs., 24 figs., 19 tabs.

Motivated by recent satellite observations, we have carried out a comprehensive theoretical analysis on the generation of hydromagnetic Alfven waves in a realistic magnetospheric plasma environment consisting of a core and an energetic components. Our theoretical formulation employs the gyrokinetic equations and, thus, retains nonuniform plasma equilibria, anisotropy, finite Larmor radii, magnetic trapping as well as wave-particle interactions. A set of coupled equations for transverse and compressional magnetic perturbations is derived and analyzed for its stabilities assuming interchange stable equilibrium distribution functions. Our findings are compressional and tranverse shear Alfven oscillations are generally coupled in realistic plasmas. In the decoupled limit, for the compressional wave branch, one recovers the drift-mirror instability due to the Landau resonances and {tau} {equivalent to} 1 + 4 {pi}({partial derivative}P{sub {perpendicular}}/B{partial derivative}B) < 0. Here, P{sub {perpendicular}} = P{sub {perpendicular}}({psi},B) is the perpendicular pressure and {psi} is the magnetic flux function. For the decoupled transverse shear Alfven branch, one obtains the drift Alfven ballooning instability due to the Landau resonances and free energy of the pressure gradient for {tau} > 0. For both branches, the most unstable modes have antisymmetric structures and propagate in the diamagnetic drift direction of the energetic ions. Finite coupling can …

Planning for quality assurance (QA) in research and development (R D) is like stealing eggs without waking up the chickens. The QA program should be as unobtrusive as possible. Researchers require a QA program that affords them an environment capable of supporting repeatable experiments with accurate data without unduly stifling their creative abilities. Careful advance planning ensures that the intensity of control provided by quality-related systems is commensurate with the importance and scope of the activities being performed. Good scientific practices applied to small bench-scale projects may require minimal additional controls. As projects increase in size and complexity the controls imposed through planning must, by necessity, be increased. Research and development QA planning, just like any other planning, involves all affected individuals. The application of control systems is determined by factors such as customer or sponsor requirements, the importance of an item or activity to the experiment's success, and the organizational complexity of the project. Many larger experiments are highly dependent on quality-related support activities such as calibration, engineering design, and inspection provided by organizations outside the R D group. Since, in most cases, the expense of support activities is taken directly from funds available for research, it is important …

One of the most challenging tasks faced by environmental engineers is cost effective hydraulic and hydrochemical characterization of a fractured bedrock aquifer by means of exploratory wellbores. To address this problem, a new borehole fluid logging method for rapidly and efficiently determining the vertical distribution of hydraulic conductivity in fractured bedrock aquifers has been developed. This new technique was recently applied near two active landfills in southern New England. The technique involves replacing the standing column of water in a borehole with a uniformly deionized fluid, and then profiling the changes in fluid electrical conductivity in the borehole. These changes occur when the contrasting formation water is drawn back into the borehole by continuous low flow rate pumping or by slug testing. A downhole wireline water-quality tool, which simultaneously measures fluid electrical conducivity, temperature, pH and oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), was employed to profile the physical/chemical changes of the emplaced'' fluid. The numerical code BORE, was employed to determine the inflow parameters and fracture-specific fluid electrical conducivity for the hydraulically conductive fractures. Straddle packer testing at 10-foot intervals was conducted to confirm the slug testing results. Some discrepancies were encountered which can be explained by accounting for the volume of formation …

This paper is a transcript of testimony by Alvin W. Trivelpiece, director of ORNL, before Congressional Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space. Dr. Trivelpiece discusses the importance of training scientist and engineers for the year 2000. (FSD)

Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) requested that Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) perform a study to determine what influence the Columbia River has on the aquifer beneath the 1301-N Liquid Waste Disposal Facility (LWDF) located in the 100-N Area. Because of the change in operational status of the N Reactor to dry layup&#x27;&#x27; in November 1989, there has been a reduction in the liquid effluent discharge to the ground in the 100-N Area. This reduction in discharge reduces the artificial recharge to the unconfined aquifer, thereby altering ground-water flow in the vicinity of the 1301-N LWDF. This study addresses these changes and evaluates the effect that the Columbia River has on the unconfined aquifer beneath the 1301-N facility under present ground-water conditions. 30 refs., 8 figs., 4 tabs.

The diagnostic instrumentation on TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor) and the specific properties of each diagnostic, i.e., number of channels, time resolution, wavelength range, etc., are summarized in tables, grouped according to the plasma parameter measured. For comparison, the equivalent diagnostic capabilities of JET (Joint European Torus) and the Japanese large tokamak, JT-60, as of late 1987 are also listed in the tables. Extensive references are given to publications on each instrument.

The FHP lattice gas model is extended to include a temperature variable in order to study thermohydrodynamics. The compressible Navier-Stokes equations are derived using a Chapman-Enskog expansion. Heat conduction and convention problems are investigated, including Benard convention. It is shown that the usual FHP rescaling procedure can be avoided by controlling the temperature. 20 refs., 12 figs.

A brief summary is presented of results pertinent to quark spectroscopy derived from high statistics data on K{sup {minus}}p interactions obtained with the LASS spectrometer at SLAC. The present status of strange meson spectroscopy is briefly reviewed, and the impact of the proposed KAON Factory on the future of the subject considered. 36 refs., 24 figs.

The Microwave Tokamak Experiment, now under construction at the Laboratory, will use microwave heating from a free-electron laser. The intense microwave pulses will be injected into the tokamak to realize several goals, including a demonstration of the effects of localized heat deposition within magnetically confined plasma, a better understanding of energy confinement in tokamaks, and use of the new free-electron laser technology for plasma heating. 3 figs., 3 tabs.

Polarized protons can be produced by the parity-violating decay of either lambda or sigma hyperons. A secondary bema of polarized protons can then be produced without the difficult procedure of accelerating polarized protons. The preservation of the polarization while the protons are being transmitted to a final focus places stringent limitations on the optics of the beam line. The equations of motion of a polarized particle in a magnetic field have been solved to first order for quadrupole and dipole magnets. The lowest order terms indicate that the polarization vector will be restored to its original direction upon passage through a magnetic system if the momentum vector is unaltered. Higher-order terms may be derived by an expansion in commutators of the rotation matrix and its longitudinal derivative. The higher-order polarization rotation terms then arise from the non-commutivity of the rotation matrices by large angles in three-dimensional space. 5 refs., 3 figs.

A high statistics measurement of the atomic mass dependence of Drell-Yan, J/{psi}, {psi}{prime} and {Upsilon} production induced by 800 GeV protons on deuterium, carbon, calcium, iron and tungsten targets has been performed at FermiLab (E772). The data consist of about 700,000 muon pairs covering the mass region 3 GeV {le}M{mu}{mu} < 14 GeV. No nuclear modification is seen in the production of massive muon pairs in the Drell-Yan region for 0.1 < x{sub 2} < 0.3. The relative dimuon yield for fractional antiquark momentum x{sub 2} < 0.1 is slightly less than unity for heavy nuclei. J/{psi} and {psi}{prime} production are strongly suppressed in heavy nuclei. An upgraded version on the spectrometer designed to measure two-body decays of neutral c and b-quark hadrons (E789) will be discussed. 17 refs., 8 figs.

The achievement of a high energy polarized proton beam requires the reduction of depolarization during acceleration. This depolarization will occur at spin resonances where the spin precession frequency equals that of a horizontal magnetic field component. There are basically two types of first order depolarizing resonances. One type is an intrinsic resonance which is excited by the periodical focusing structure of the machine. The resonance occurs at {gamma}G=nN {plus minus} {nu}{sub z}, where {gamma}, G, n, N and {nu}{sub z}are the Lorentz energy factor the gryomagnetic factor, and integer, the superperiodicity number of the machine and the vertical betatron tune, respectively. The resonance strength is proportional to the vertical betatron oscillation amplitude. The other type is an imperfection resonance which is due to the magnet misalignment leading to vertical closed orbit distortion (COD). This resonance occurs at {gamma}G=nN{plus minus}k, where k is the harmonic number of the vertical COD. The resonance strength is proportional to the amplitude of the vertical COD. This paper reports on phenomena and problems about depolarizing resonances encountered in accelerating polarized protons at the AGS and the KEK PS. 31 refs.

A spherical cavity expansion (SCE) model for axial loads on penetrators into rock has been developed and used in the GNOME penetrator code to calculate a recent full-scale strategic earth penetrator test (SEPW) into sidewinder tuff. The 2-D target motion is approximated by the 1-D motion produced by an expanding spherical cavity which allows rapid calculations over a complete penetrator trajectory. The target response includes a region of tensile fracturing which has not been modeled in production continuum dynamics code calculations. One reason for the development of this model is the current interest in blunter nosed penetrators than those previously analyzed with cylindrical cavity expansion (CCE) load models. 12 refs., 7 figs.

This Document contains findings identified during the Tiger Team Compliance Assessment of the Department of Energy's (DOE's) Pinellas Plant, Pinellas County, Florida. The assessment wa directed by the Department's Office of Environment, Safety, and Health (ES H) from January 15 to February 2, 1990. The Pinellas Tiger Team Compliance Assessment is comprehensive in scope. It covers the Environment Safety and Health, and Management areas and determines the plant's compliance with applicable Federal (including DOE), State, and local regulations and requirements.

This paper specifies the usage of structural bolts in terms of their design, selection and application, in accordance with the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Eighth Edition. Manual of Steel Construction.'' 1 tab.

The FRAC-UNIX computer code provides a two-dimensional simulation of saturated flow and transport in a fractured porous media. The code incorporates a dual permeability approach in which the rock matrix is modeled as rectangular cells and the fractures are represented as discrete elements on the edges and diagonals of the matrix cells. A single head distribution drives otherwise independent flows in the matrix and in the fractures. Steady-state or transient flow of a single-phase fluid may be simulated. Solute or heat transport is simulated by moving imaginary marker particles in the velocity field established by the flow model, under the additional influence of dispersive and diffusive processes. Sparse-matrix techniques are utilized along with a specially developed user interface. The code is installed a CRAY XMP24 Computer using the UNICOS operating system. The initial version of this code, entitled FRACSL, incorporated the same flow and transport models, but used a commercial software package for the numerics and user interface. This report describes the theoretical basis, approach and implementation incorporated in the code; the mechanics of operating the code; several sample problems; and the integration of code development with physical modeling and field testing. The code is fully functional, for most purposes, …

Nonconsumable or inert anodes are being developed at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL)({sup a}) for use in the electrolytic production of aluminum. A series of laboratory test on the laboratory scale (Hart et al. 1987; Strachan et al. 1989; Marschman 1989) has shown the technology to be potentially feasible. A series of larger-scale experiments are now being run to determine the viability of the technology on a commercial scale. The results reported here are from a test performed at the Reynolds Metals Company, Manufacturing Technology Laboratory, Sheffield, Alabama, using a prototype anode. The prototype anode was approximately 15 cm in diameter and 20 cm high (Figure 1.1). The objectives of the test were to determine if an anode, produced by a commercial vendor, could survive in a test under conditions approximating those found in a commercial electrolysis cell; to familiarize the Reynolds staff with the operation of such an anode in a subsequent pilot cell test of the inert anode technology; and to familiarize the PNL staff with the operations at the Reynolds Metals Company facility. 8 refs., 39 figs., 9 tabs.

A longitudinal phase-space simulation (ESME) of the transition crossing is carried out (including various collective and single particle effects contributing to the longitudinal emittance blow up). The simulation takes into account the longitudinal space-charge force (bunch length oscillation), the transverse space-charge (the Umstateter effect) and finally the dispersion of the momentum compaction factor (the Johnsen effect). As a result of this simulation one can separate relative strengths of the above mechanisms and study their individual effects on the longitudinal phase-space evolution, especially filamentation of the bunch and formation of a galaxy-like'' pattern. Finally, a simple scheme of the {gamma}{sub t}-jump is implemented as a cure. 14 refs.

NIM is a standard modular instrumentation system that is in wide use throughout the world. As the NIM system developed and accommodations were made to a dynamic instrumentation field and a rapidly advancing technology, additions, revisions and clarifications were made. These were incorporated into the standard in the form of addenda and errata. This standard is a revision of the NIM document, AEC Report TID-20893 (Rev. 4) dated July 1974. It includes all the addenda and errata items that were previously issued as well as numerous additional items to make the standard current with modern technology and manufacturing practice.

The differential cross section of the process p + pbar {yields} jet + jet + X as a function of the dijet invariant mass has been measured with the CDF detector at a center of mass energy of 1.8 TeV at the Tevatron Collider in Fermilab. The present analysis is based on the sample of events collected in the 1988/89 run, amounting to a total integrated luminosity of 4.2 pb{sup {minus}1}. A comparison to leading order QCD and quark compositeness predictions is presented as well as a study of the sensitivity of the mass spectrum to the gluon radiation. 10 refs., 6 figs.

The performance of a silicon microstrip detector has been studied in a high rate environment using electron, pion, and proton beams. The pulse height, time response, and leakage current have been studied as a function of particle fluence up to a total integrated flux of about 4 {times} 10{sup 14} protons/cm{sup 2}. 3 figs.

SXLS is an electron synchrotron/storage ring, used as an X-ray lithography source, with a critical wavelength of {lambda}=10 A. It has a circumference of 8.5 m and its main elements are two 180{degree} combined function dipole, four quadrupoles and two sextupoles. The horizontal and vertical tunes are 1.415 and 0.415, respectively. The machine is being constructed in two phases. In Phase 1 and 2 it will run at 200 and 696 Mev using conventional (warm) and superconducting bending magnets, respectively. All other elements, as well as the lattice functions will be the same in the two phases. The constraint that the exit slits impose on the photon beamlines, requires that the source point, that is the closed orbit be controlled to better then {plus minus}3 mm horizontally, {plus minus}2 mm and {plus minus}1 mrad vertically. The following is a study of the expected closed orbit distortion in the ring as well as of the orbit monitor/corrector schemes necessary to correct the orbit. 10 figs.

Work accomplished during this quarter is presented and discussed. This project is concerned with the reduction of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions from Rijke type coal burning pulse combustors by sorbent addition and combustion staging. This quarter the assembly and installation of the sorbent feed system was completed. A series of baseline experiments was then completed to determine the NO{sub x} and SO{sub 2} emissions in the absence of sorbent addition or combustion staging. For the baseline tests, sound pressure levels, frequencies, exhaust gas compositions (CO{sub 2}, CO, O{sub 2}, NO{sub x} and SO{sub 2}) and temperatures were measured as a function of air/fuel ratio for a fixed coal feed rate of 75 g/min. Next a series of air staging tests was conducted to determine the effectiveness of substoichiometric primary coal combustion followed by secondary air injection above the bed in reducing the NO{sub x} emissions. Finally a series of non-pulsating tests was performed to determine the effect of pulsations on the NO{sub x} emissions. Comparison of the results of the pulsating and non-pulsating tests indicate that pulsations greatly increase the combustion efficiency for a given air/fuel radio. Unfortunately pulsations also greatly increase the efficiency with which the fuel-bound …