The Yucca Mountain Project (YMP) is examining the feasibility of siting a repository for high-level nuclear waste at Yucca Mountain, on and adjacent to the Nevada Test Site (NTS). The proposed repository will be excavated in the Topopah Spring Member, which is a moderately fractured, unsaturated, welded tuff. Excavation stability will be required during construction, waste emplacement, retrieval (if required), and closure to ensure worker safety. The subsurface excavations will be subject to stress changes resulting from thermal expansion of the rock mass and seismic events associated with regional tectonic activity and underground nuclear explosions (UNEs). Analyses of drift stability are required to assess the acceptable waste emplacement density, to design the drift shapes and ground support systems, and to establish schedules and cost of construction. This paper outlines the proposed methodology to assess drift stability and then focuses on an example of its application to the YMP repository drifts based on preliminary site data. Because site characterization activities have not begun, the database currently lacks the extensive site-specific field and laboratory data needed to form conclusions as to the final ground support requirements. This drift design methodology will be applied and refined as more site-specific data are generated and …

This is the final status report for the approved Advanced Manufacturing Projects for FY 1989. Five of the projects were begun in FY 1987, one in FY 1988, and one in FY 1989. The approved projects cover technology areas in welding, explosive material processing and evaluation, ion implantation, and automated manufacturing. It is expected that the successful completion of these projects well result in improved quality and/or reduced cost for components produced by Mound. Those projects not brought to completion will be continued under Process development in FY 1990.

Three CIRRPC efforts were brought to completion this last year. One of this year`s highlights was the publication of the BEIR V report cited above. This report provides a comprehensive review of up-to- date risk estimations to be used in assessing potential health effects from exposure to ionizing radiation. Also completed for publication during this period was CIRRPC Science Panel Report No. 7, Planning for Human Health Effects Research in the Event of a Nuclear Accident. Efforts of the Subpanel addressing the policy implications and use of the National Institutes of Health Radioepidemiological Tables were terminated following the Subpanel`s unanimous conclusion that further effort to develop a consensus report was unnecessary because the scientific limitations upon the uses of the Tables had already been correctly described in several publications, and there were no indications of any significant instances of the Tables being misused.

The amplitude attenuation and the phase shift of the correction magnet field inside the APS storage ring vacuum chamber due to the eddy current effect were measured. A circuit to compensate for this effect was then inserted between the signal source and the magnet power supply. The amplitude was restored with an error of less than 20% of the source signal amplitude and the phase shift was reduced from 80{degrees} to 12{degrees} at 10 Hz.

This report consists of two parts. Part 1 describes the development of novel analytical methods needed to predict the BOM performance and the subsequent performance degradation of the mutually obstructed RTGs for the CRAF and Cassini missions. Part II applies those methods to the two missions, presents the resultant predictions, and discusses their programmatic implications. The results indicate that JPL's original power demand goals could have been met with two standard GPHS RTGs for each mission. But subsequently JPL significantly increased both the power level and the mission duration for both missions, so that they can no longer by met by two standard RTGs. The resultant power gap must be closed either by reducing JPL's power demand (e.g., by decreasing contingency reserves) and/or by increasing the power system's output. One way under active consideration which more than meets the system power goal would be the addition of a third RTG for each mission. However, the author concluded that it may be possible to meet or closely approach the CRAF power demand goals with just two RTGs by relatively modest modification of their design and/or operating conditions. To explore that possibility, the effect of various modifications - either singly or in …

The four argon spill trough bellows were leak tested with helium during the week of March 12, 1990. Three passed without incident, but the fourth was found to have a leak in the weld at one of the ring/clamps. The hole was approximately 1/32-inch in diameter (a likely result of a welding burn through) and located on an inflexible portion of the bellows, the ring/clamp. Frank Juravic, who conducted the tests, suggested using grey structural epoxy to plug the leak. The epoxy is metallic with some inherent flexibility. The epoxy was applied and the bellows retested in the same manner as before. The repair was a success as the bellows proved to be leaktight. The bellows were then put in their original shipping crates and placed in storage at Lab C. Included in this report is the manufacturer's spec sheets on the bellows, a copy of the Quality Control Report form and a sketch of the test setup with an explanation of the procedure. On the bellows data sheet entitled 'Analysis of Stress in Bellows', the analysis output is obtained through a theoretical bellows program that uses quadratic equations to approximate characteristic curves for such data as axial, lateral and …

Any detectable leakage emanating from the argon storage dewar is undesirable; not only from a safety standpoint (eg, cryogenic burns, asphyxiation, etc.), but also small amounts of air back diffusing through leaks can render the argon unsuitable for the future physics experiments to take place within the cryostats. Whereas leakage through some of the control and manually operated valves on the dewar does not necessarily infroduce any of the above hazards directly, it could be high enough to be an economical, and perhaps an operational nuisance. Contained in the following is a compilation of the final leakage rates associated with the dewar during the period of January through May of 1990 and the raw data from which they were derived from. Also contained is a calculation of the total maximum allowable leakage rate int%ut of the dewar. The general strategy employed while leak checking the dewar was to eliminate all leaks found which could be relatively easily stopped and to reduce the more difficult ones to an acceptable level. Leakage past the seats/plugs of control and main relief valves in addition to leakage past the ball seals in the diverter valve fell into the latter category. Helium mass spectrometer leak …

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The Earth Science Laboratory of the University of Utah Research Institute has been involved in research in geothermal exploration and development for the past eleven years. Our work has resulted in the publication of nearly 500 reports, which are listed in this document. Over the years, we have collected drill chip and core samples from more than 180 drill holes in geothermal areas, and most of these samples are available to others for research, exploration and similar purposes. We hope that scientists and engineers involved in industrial geothermal development will find our technology transfer and service efforts helpful.

The objective of proposed research is development of catalysts with enhanced slurry phase activity and better selectivity to fuel range products, through a more detailed understanding and systematic studies of the effects of pretreatment procedures and promoters/binders (silica) on catalyst performance.

This project revolves around understanding the fundamental processes involved in the catalytic removal of harmful oxygenated organics present in coal liquids. We will model the complex type of sulfided Mo catalyst proposed for these reactions with a simple single crystal surfaces that display a controlled range and number of reaction sites and can be extensively characterized by surface science techniques.

A triple-material stress-strain gage containing foils of ytterbium, manganin, and constantan was tested at LLNL. This gage yields three independent piezoresistance measurements from which an independent set of principal strains and principal stresses can be inferred. We have analyzed the signals from a gage at a specific location buried at a distance from the center of energy of an event at NTS. We inverted the resistivity signals to calculate the stress and strain histories as sensed by the foils. Using the elastic material properties and the traction and displacement conditions at the various material interfaces from the foils to the host geological medium, we calculated the stress and strain histories in the host geological medium. However, because of uncertainties in the elastic properties of the layers of surrounding materials, we calculated significant variations in both the peaks and signatures of the stress and strain histories that could produce the foil stress and strain histories. We conclude that, because of the inclusion problem, accurate measurements of the stress-strain histories in the host geological medium can be adequately addressed only by minimizing, as much as possible, such uncertainties.

We recently examined Argonne supplied Wyodak coal under both thermal (no added water, under N{sub 2}) and hydrothermal (liquid water present, under N{sub 2}) conditions at 350{degrees}C for periods of 30 min. and 5 hr. We found that the coal produces a tar that is deposited on the reactor insert walls solely at hydrothermal conditions. The shift from 30 min. to 5 hr. yields a tar that is more volatile and has a slightly increased molecular weight. The coals recovered from thermal and hydrothermal treatments are different by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (py-FIMS). Specifically, the hydrothermal condition yields py-FIMS volatiles with a higher weight average molecular weight and greater volatility. They are thus less polar, a conclusion consistent with other py-FIMS data showing that the volatiles from the hydrothermally treated coal are lower in phenolics. Our results show that the phenols and catechols in the coal behave very differently. Our data are consistent with a scheme in which the catechol units in the coal engage in condensation at thermal conditions, probably through a catalyzed process related to acidic sites on the mineral matter. The phenols in contrast are unreactive. At hydrothermal conditions, on the other hand, both are released hydrolytically. …

Sorbent injection is a low capital cost, low operating cost approach to SO{sub 2} control targeted primarily at older boilers for which conventional fuel gas desulfurization is not economically viable. Duct injection is one variation of this concept in which the sorbent, either a dry powder or a slurry, is injected into the cooler regions of the boiler, generally downstream of the air heaters. The attractiveness of duct injection is tied to the fact that it avoids much of the boiler heat transfer equipment and thus has minimal impact of boiler performance. Both capital and operating cost are low. This program has as its objectives three performance related issues to address: (1) experimentally identify limits on sorbent performance. (2) identify and test sorbent performance enhancement strategies. (3) develop a compute model of the duct injection process. Two major tasks are described: a laboratory-scale global experiment and development of process model. Both are aimed at understanding and quantifying the rate-limiting processes which control SO{sub 2} capture by lime slurry during boiler duct injection. 29 refs., 35 figs., 4 tabs.

The principal meeting attended during this trip was the Japan International Tribology Conference Nagoya 1990. The conference encompassed a wide range of topics, including the tribology of ceramics, the tribology in high-performance automobiles, and many aspects of lubrication technology. Associated forums were also held on the tribology of advanced ceramics, on solid lubrication, and on automotive lubricants. Presentations made during the latter forum discussed anticipated trends in engine development and anticipated improvements in lubricants required for the next generation of engines. In addition to meetings, site visits were made to five industrial organizations to discuss ceramic tribology. Nippon Steel Corporation and Toshiba Corporation are both very active in the ceramic area, Nippon Steel from their interest in research on new materials and Toshiba from both an interest in new materials and in support of their work in electronic devices. Two engine manufacturers were also visited, Toyota Motor Corporation, and Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. These companies were somewhat reserved in their discussion of progress in the utilization of ceramics in automobile engines.

This report covers the project progress of grant DE-FG02-86ER60422 for the period March 1, 1990--October 1, 1990. The research program includes three tasks: General Circulation Models (GCM) intercomparison and improvement, climate data-model statistics, and China project science coordination. This work has been performed in collaboration with our subcontractor, Dr. Wei-Chyung Wang, SUNY/Albany. 8 refs.

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The need to accurately model the superplastic forming process which is highly rate and temperature dependent motivated the evaluation of Bammann's internal variable, viscoplasticity material model. The model is based upon the concepts of unified creep plasticity, but employs a yield surface for efficient implementation into large-scale numerical computer codes. It has proven elsewhere to be quite successful in describing large strain, thermal-mechanical behavior of crystalline materials. Features of the model enable it to simulate the apparent strain-rate behavior exhibited by many metals above one half the melt temperature. It is the efficient incorporation of features that make the model attractive for use in finite element modeling of metal deformation processes. Although this model was implemented into the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's NIKE2D finite element program in 1986, there have been no known reports of successful use by NIKE2D users. The purpose of this report is to provide the user the proper format to input model parameters, a procedure for determining appropriate values for material constants from experimental data, and supplemental information on the model relevant to the implementation in the NIKE2D finite element program. Detailed accounts of the theoretical aspects of the model can be found in the cited …

The work conducted under DOE/PETC Contract DE-AC22-84PC70512 has included four principal tasks, (1) development of a Design Requirements Definition for a retrofit MHD magnet system, (2) analysis of an internally cooled, cabled superconductor (ICCS) to use in that design, (3) design of an experiment to test a subscale version of that conductor, which is a NbTi, copper stabilized superconductor, and (4) proof-of-concept testing of the conductor. The program was carried forth through the third task with very successful development and test of a conventional ICCS conductor with 27 multifilamentary copper-superconductor composite strands and a new concept conductor in which, in each triplet, two strands were pure copper and the third strand was a multifilamentary composite. In reviewing the magnet design and the premises for the conductor design it became obvious that, since the principal source of perturbation in MHD magnets derives from slippage between coils, or between turns in a coil, thereby producing frictional heat which must flow through the conductor sheath and the helium to the superconductor strands, an extra barrier might be highly effective in enhancing magnet stability and protection. This concept was developed and a sample conductor manufactured and tested in comparison with an identical conductor lacking …

The study of nitrogen (NH{sub 4}{sup +}) diagenesis associated with hydrocarbon occurrences is intended to aid in predicting favorable areas of petroleum exploration and recovery by establishing a better understanding of the interaction of organic maturation products with clastic sedimentary sequences. This research has indicated that fixed-NH{sub 4} in clays preserves anomalous NH{sub 4}{sup +} abundances, thus recording a significant reaction in the maturation of hydrocarbons which correlates with the oil window. Fixed-NH{sub 4} concentrations are independent of total organic carbon content, but increase with organic maturity in source rocks (up to T{approx}140 C). The authors have found anomalously high fixed-NH{sub 4} concentrations in oil and gas reservoirs, and in sandstones that may have acted as migration conduits for a nearby oilfield. The remainder of the project period will be spent completing publications, and finalizing the interpretation of results on fixed-NH{sub 4} in the Salton Sea (SSDP) and Monterey Fm. The data that authors have collected from these areas will allow them to examine the effect of high temperatures and high-N organic matter (prevalent on the west coast) on levels of NH{sub 4}-fixation. The authors will also develop some preliminary ideas on the mechanism of NH{sub 4}{sup +} oxidation responsible …

A 5cm SSC superconducting dipole that develops 6.6 tesla at 5790 A is proposed. The two layer magnet has 12% more transfer function than the present design as a result of using thin collars and close in'' iron. The thin collars provide precise positioning of the coils; they also provide minimum prestress (perhaps 2000 psi) as aid for magnet assembly. A welded skin around the iron provides the final prestress and shapes and the coil geometry. A prestressed aluminum bar placed between the vertically split iron yokes provides precise control of the gap between yokes halves and is designed to allow gap to close tightly during cooldown so that there is no decrease of prestress. In order to reduce the effect of iron saturation on the field multipoles the iron ID has been optimized to an elliptical shape. The coil inner layer is a 30 strand cable with 1.3:1 cu/sc. The outer layer is a 36 strand cable wit 1.8:1 cu/sc. At the operating field of 6.6 tesla the current density in the copper is 666 A/mm{sup 2} and 760 A/mm{sup 2} in the inner and outer layers respectively. The magnet short sample performance is limited by the inner layer. …

The Microwave Tokamak Experiment (MTX) has a substantial number of fast diagnostics, especially for electrons, as part of its mission for pulsed, high-power electron cyclotron heating. As part of its contribution to ITER R D, these diagnostics are being used to characterize disruptions in MTX. This report is the first of two, with the second planned for submittal in September 1990, at the end of the ITER conceptual design activity. Here, we analyze the characteristics of disruptions during normal operation of MTX, discuss some new data pertaining to the Granetz limit,'' and describe preliminary data on ramped density shorts which will be used for fast measurements on density limit disruptions. The final report will discuss measurements using the fast diagnostics to characterize the disruption.

Since June 1989 most of my research has been devoted to early Universe cosmology. The four focal points have been: Galaxy and large-scale structure formation with cosmic strings. Quantum field theoretical effects near cosmic strings and their observational signatures. Dynamics of inflationary Universe models. Quantum particle production and formation of topological defects during phase transitions.

We report here the first observation of inclusive {Lambda}{sup 0}, {bar {Lambda}}{sup 0}, K{sub s}{sup 0} production in nucleus-nucleus collisions at 14.5 GeV/n. 11 refs., 6 figs.