A general semiclassical (multidimensional WKB-type) approximation to quantum mechanics is reviewed. The principal feature of the approach is that it is able to incorporate the exact classical mechanics of the system and also the quantum principle of superposition. Applications to inelastic and reactive scattering, and to statistical mechanics and reaction rates are discussed. 13 refs.

The application of a noise cancelling technique to extract energy storage information from sensors occurring during fusion reactor experiments on the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is examined. We show how this technique can be used to decrease the uncertainty in the corresponding sensor measurements used for diagnostics in both real-time and post-experimental environments. We analyze the performance of algorithm on the sensor data and discuss the various tradeoffs. The algorithm suggested is designed using SIG, an interactive signal processing package developed at LLNL.

Implicit time integration methods have been used extensively in numerical modelling of slowly varying phenomena in systems that also support rapid variation. Examples include diffusion, hydrodynamics and reaction kinetics. This article discussed implementation of implicit time integration in plasma codes of the ''particle-in-cell'' family, and the benefits to be gained.

Chemical and instrumental monitoring techniques suitable for geothermal use are described in a manner to relate them to plant operational problems and downtime avoidance. The use of these techniques permits the detection of scaling, the onset of scaling, corrosion loss, current corrosion rates and incipient heat exchanger failure. Conceptual advances are noted which simplify the research techniques to approaches that should be usable even in some low-capital well-head type power plants. 10 refs., 8 figs.

This report is a summary of a project which demonstrates the successful use of geothermal energy for service water and space heating of school, business and commercial buildings in the city of Philip, South Dakota. The project included a new well into the Madison limestone formation, a pipe line to the school and through the central business district to a treatment plant, the treatment plant and settling ponds, conversion of the existing space heating systems of the buildings to equipment suitable for heating with the geothermal energy and monitoring the system to determine operating characteristics and efficiency. The treated water is discharged into the north fork of the Bad River for use by down stream irrigators. 24 figs., 19 tabs.

More rigorous nuclear analysis, including the treatment of resonance self-shielding effects coupled with an optimization procedure, has resulted in improved performance of the Be/Li/Th blanket. Net U-233 breeding ratio has increased 36% (to 0.84) while at a U/Th ratio of 0.25 a/o energy multiplication has increased 12% (to 2.1) compared with earlier results.

The physics that can be explored with multi-TeV supercolliders is reviewed, including parton distributions, hadron jet production, the standard electroweak theory and minimal extensions to it, technicolor, supersymmetry, and compositeness. 19 refs., 11 figs. (LEW)

The increase in the BBU threshold current is very important for the high and medium energy electron linacs because of a larger operating current attainable or a smaller emittance available at certain operating current. For this purpose, many means can be used, among which the improvement in the accelerating structure itself is always fundamental. SLAC's three-meter long section is unique with truly constant gradient performance. The theoretical analyses and operating experiences at SLAC have indicated that detuning the Nos. 3, 4 and 5 cavities of some sections by 2 or 4 MHz for TM/sub 01/ wave had considerably raised the BBU threshold current. A method of opening four holes symmetrically distributed on disks as described in detail will get the benefits in improvement of BBU threshold current.

Four fcc metals, Al, Cu, Ni, and Pt, have been irradiated at 4.2 K at the Livermore Rotating Target Neutron Source (RTNS-II) to fluences of 1 to 2 x 10/sup 21/ n/m/sup 2/. The sample resistivities were monitored during the irradiation. Following irradiation, the sample resistivities were monitored after isochronal anneals to 320 K. The initial resistivity damage rates for all four metals could be predicted to within +-10% from the results of irradiations in a pure fission spectrum by damage energy scaling. The results of isochronal annealing studies in Al and Cu were nearly identical to recovery curves obtained after fission spectra irradiations to comparable damage levels. On the other hand, both Ni and Pt exhibited less recovery than that observed after fission spectra irradiations, due primarily to less recovery in Stage 1.

The SLAC Linear Collider (SLC) must reach a nominal center-of-mass energy of 100 GeV to fulfill its high energy physics goals. This paper describes the energy upgrade program that is being implemented on the SLAC linear accelerator to meet these goals. It includes a discussion of the design requirements and available technical options, the rationale for the adopted solution, and the technical problems involved in the engineering and production of klystrons and modulators.

This manual has been prepared to assist DOE field organizations in conducting environmental protection appraisals of activities at DOE operating-level facilities. Its primary use will be by DOE operations offices in their appraisal of facilities operating under the authority of the Atomic Energy Act. However, the manual can also be used by other DOE field organizations. This manual is organized in modules that parallel those in the internal environmental audit checklist. It is assumed that the contractor is using the guide previously described (Internal Environmental Protection Audits) and that operations office staff members will have the opportunity to review or be cognizant of the contractor's completed internal audit, and other material generated within the facility, in preparation for the appraisal. This manual was developed to facilitate the appraisal process by providing operations office staff with a choice of modules that can be used independently or as a unit. The manual gives guidelines for reviewing information submitted to the operations office before the site visit and for conducting an on-site operating-level appraisal.

The injector for the Stanford Linear Collider is being studied using the fully electromagnetic particle-in-cell program MASK. The program takes account of cylindrically symmetrical rf fields from the external source, as well as fields produced by the beam and dc magnetic fields. It calculates the radial and longitudinal motion of electrons and plots their positions in various planes in phase space. Bunching parameters can be optimized and insights into the bunching process and emittance growth have been gained. The results of the simulations are compared to the experimental results.

Model driven procedures have been used for control of the linac, beam transport lines and storage rings at SLAC. These procedures, based upon computer models of the machine lattice, are used for on-line calculation of the strengths of beam line components which yield desired lattice parameter values. They are also used for routine operation of the machine and for diagnosing and correcting errors of various types, as well as for aiding physicists in the acquisition and presentation of data. Successful operational experience in the use of such procedures at the PEP and SPEAR storage rings has led to the decision that this method of operation will be used for control of all of the SLC subsystems: two-mile Linac, Arcs, Final Focus Region, Positron Return Line and the Damping Rings and their associated injection/extraction beam transport lines. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of the on-line model driven control procedures and their implementation in the SLC computer control system.

The SSC Collider Ring represents the dominating cost element of the SSC project. The number of variables involved in optimizing the facility is very large so it is helpful to try to parameterize them in a way that allows a straightforward comparison of primary options. Cost information has been drawn from the Reference Designs Study supplemented by data from studies carried out by the Harza Engineering Company in Illinois. Various studies indicate that a 9' to 10' tunnel seems optimal from a construction and operation viewpoint and is adequate for installation. According to both studies cited a tunnel of this size in reasonable geology will cost approximately $800 per linear foot. For the purposes of this analysis this is adopted as the standard tunnel.

This report summarizes a study of the fisheries of the Swan River drainage in relation to potential small hydro development. This information was collected in order to obtain a reliable basin-wide database which was used to evaluate the potential cumulative effects of a number of proposed small hydro developments on the fisheries of the drainage. For each named tributary stream there is a reach-by-reach narrative summary of general habitat characteristics, outstanding features of the stream, and fish populations and spawning use. An attempt was made to rank many of the measured parameters relative to other surveyed stream reaches in the drainage. 3 refs.

Burial sites for low-level radioactive wastes are situated on the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) reservation. Releases of radioactive material from these sites into the ground- and surface waters, thus affecting nearby residents, has long been a concern. Such releases are considered the primary pathway of concern from low-level burial sites in humid regions. However, recent publications indicate that the atmospheric pathway, through which tritiated water vapor, /sup 14/C, /sup 85/Kr, /sup 222/Rn, and possibly other gases are emitted the trenches, dispersed downwind, and inhaled, may be an important impact from some low-level burial sites. This paper represents an attempt to estimate the atmospheric contribution from the ORNL burial grounds, specifically the Solid Waste Storage Areas (SWSAs), to the total dose commitment resulting from ORNL burial ground operations. The results of this study indicate that tritium released from the ORNL SWSAs is not a significant contributor to the offsite dose received as a result of ORNL operations. The assumptions used in this study are conservative, but some additional work may be required before the problem can be dismissed. 8 refs.

The new Nuclear Physics Injector (NPI) approved for construction in October of 1983 was completed by September of 1984, and delivered short pulse beams for SPEAR ring checkout in mid-October. Long pulse beams of up to 1.6 microsecond length were also demonstrated. The paper describes the startup operation, reviews the performance characteristics, and discusses the beam transport optics used to deliver 1 to 4 GeV beams to nuclear physics experiments in End Station A.

This report describes the results obtained by using data generated at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory's MFS Test Facility as input to the filtering and control programs developed at LBL. Graphs that illustrate the source models/filters performance, as well as some conditioning history are included. Probable sources of error are discussed.

The Stanford Linear Accelerator is presently upgraded for the SLAC Linear Collider project. The energy is to be increased from approximately 31 GeV to 50 GeV. Two electron beams and one positron beam are to be accelerated with high demands on the quality of the beams. The beam specifications are shown. To meet these specifications, all parameters influencing the beams have to be under tight control and continuous surveillance. This task is accomplished by a new computer system implemented at SLAC which has, among many other functions, control over rf accelerating fields. 13 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.

Results from ICRF heating experiments in the D-/sup 3/He minority regime on the PLT tokamak are reported. At the highest coupled rf power of 2.6 MW, a central ion temperature of 3.6 keV has been measured in plasmas with a central density of 5 x 10/sup 13/cm/sup -3/. The central value of the electron temperature is strongly modulated by the sawtooth internal relaxation and reaches values in excess of 3 keV. No deterioration of the ion heating efficiency has been found in the investigated range of plasma parameters.

A detailed three-dimensional well-by-well model of the East Olkaria geothermal field in Kenya has been developed. The model matches reasonably well the flow rate and enthalpy data from all wells, as well as the overall pressure decline in the reservoir. The model is used to predict the generating capacity of the field, well decline, enthalpy behavior, the number of make-up wells needed and the effects of injection on well performance and overall reservoir depletion. 26 refs., 10 figs.

This annual report, the sixth in a series, provides a brief description of fuel performance during 1983 in commercial nuclear power plants. Brief summaries of fuel design changes, fuel surveillance programs, fuel operating experience, fuel problems, high-burnup fuel experience, and items of general significance are provided. References to additional, more detailed information and related NRC evaluations are included.

A major element of Sandia's Geothermal Technology Development Program is the effort directed toward development of instrumentation. This effort has two aspects, the development of high temperature components and prototype tools and the investigation of new concepts and capabilities. The focus of these activities is the acquisition of information to make geothermal drilling and resource development more efficient. Several projects of varying nature and scope make up the instrumentation development element, and this element will expand as the program emphasis on development of an advanced geothermal drilling system and the need for improved information grow. 13 refs.

A positron beam apparatus that produces a variable energy positron beam with sufficient intensity to perform new positron experiments in an ultrahigh vacuum environment has been installed at the Lawrence Livermore 100 MeV electron linac. We have installed two large area position sensitive gamma-ray detectors to measure angular correlations in two dimensions and a separate highly collimated detector to measure positronium energy distributions by time-of-flight velocity determination. Data from measurements on single crystals of Cu will be described.