Large variations in pressure from external gas-fueling sources and from plasma-induced wall reflux along the TMX-U plasma have been observed. These pressure variations can produce locally high neutral density in the plasma, which strongly affects the plasma parameters. These local pressure measurements include data from a newly installed neutral-pressure diagnostic system of fast magnetron gauges. The plasma-induced warm-wall reflux has been observed to be primarily HD and H/sub 2/ as opposed to D/sub 2/. This observation supports the model that all of the neutral D/sub 2/ gas enters the plasma region, strikes the plasma first, and is dissociated. The part of the D/sub 2/ gas, which is not absorbed as ions, strikes a wall, where it is converted to HD. Electron induced wall desorption measured by a mass spectrograph and actual analysis of the Ti indicates predominately H/sub 2/ instead of D/sub 2/ wall loading in TMX-U.

Large variations in pressure from external gas-fueling sources and from plasma-induced wall reflux along the TMX-U plasma have been observed. These pressure variations can produce locally high neutral density in the plasma, which strongly affects the plasma parameters. These local pressure measurements include data from a newly installed neutral-pressure diagnostic system of fast magnetron gauges. The plasma-induced warm-wall reflux has been observed to be primarily HD and H/sub 2/ as opposed to D/sub 2/. This observation supports the model that all of the neutral D/sub 2/ gas enters the plasma region, strikes the plasma first, and is dissociated. The part of the D/sub 2/ gas, which is not absorbed as ions, strikes a wall, where it is converted to HD. Electron induced wall desorption measured by a mass spectroscopy and actual analysis of the Ti indicates predominately H/sub 2/ instead of D/sub 2/ wall loading in TMX-U.

The Seismic Safety Margins Research Program (SSMRP) was a program conducted to develop a complete, fully coupled analysis procedure (including methods and computer codes) for estimating the risk of an earthquake induced radioactive release from a commercial nuclear power plant. The analysis procedure was based on a state-of-the-art evaluation of then current seismic analysis and design processes, and it explicitly attempted to account for some of the uncertainties inherent in such processes. This report identifies some of the files used in the analysis.

Thermodynamic properties of strongly coupled (high density) plasmas of mixtures of light elements have been obtained by Monte Carlo simulations. For an assumed uniform charge background the equation of state of ionic mixtures is a simple extension of the one-component plasma EOS. More realistic electron screening effects are treated in linear response theory and with an appropriate electron dielectric function. Results have been obtained for the ionic pair distribution functions, and for the electric microfield distribution.

It is shown that the use of octopole stabilization in a tandem mirror allows a large reduction in end-cell length. A novel feature of the method proposed in this report is the placement of the minimum IBI region coonsiderably off axis, thus rendering the core plasma more axisymmetric. The region from the core to the field minimum is bridged by a mirror-confined hot-electron mantle. Low ..beta.., ideal magnetohydrodynamic stability, as evaluated with the interchange criterion, yields an upper limit to the required mantle peak ..beta.. of 78% for a center-cell peak ..beta.. of 75% and barrier peak ..beta.. of 30%. Estimates for the worst type of classical radial diffusion - with stochastic displacements per bounce - show that such radial losses are negligible for this configuration. First estimates of power balance indicate Q approx. 10 for a reactor producing 500 MW of fusion power and Q approx. 25 for one producing 1000 MW, using conservative assumptions regarding mantle ..beta.. requirements and synchrotron radiation losses.

Mathematical models and numerical methods for a two-dimensional porous body simulation of steady state and transient thermal-hydraulics conditions in LMFBR subassemblies resulting in the TWIST computer code are presented. Comparison of calculated results to steady state and transient out-of-pile sodium experiments show good agreement for cross-assembly temperature distributions for a wide range of heat transfer and flow conditions.

Sensitivity analysis of practical problems can be performed systematically and very efficiently by using adjoint functions. In areas of interest to nuclear reactors, this efficiency has been amply demonstrated on several widely used codes for neutronics and/or thermal hydraulic calculations. Applications of the adjoint method of sensitivity analysis to models involving phase transitions, where non-differentiability occurs, do not seem to have been reported to date. The purpose of this paper is to report results from a successful adjoint sensitivity analysis of a space- and time-dependent system where phase transition occurs due to boiling. The specific model chosen for this analysis is a simplified but representative model of a BWR pump-trip-type accident. This model is of particular importance to BWR safety, since pump failure is one of the most limiting hypothetical accidents in BWR's. This model simulates an exponential flow decay of initially subcooled FREON-114 flowing through a heated channel and undergoing boiling transition.

Single-crystal forms of MgAl/sub 2/O/sub 4/, Y/sub 3//Al/sub 5/O/sub 12/, and Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ were irradiated in the EBR-II fast fission reactor to a fluence of 0.3 x 10/sup 26/ n/m/sup 2/ at 1015/sup 0/K, and to /sup -/1 to 2 x 10/sup 26/ n/m/sup 2/ at 925 and 1100/sup 0/K. Fracture toughness was subsequently measured at room temperature by an indentation technique, and radiation-induced defect aggregates were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. A slight increase in toughness of MgAl/sub 2/O/sub 4/ was observed, and attributed to interaction of cracks with strain fields around dislocation loops. No significant change was noted for Y/sub 3/Al/sub 5/O/sub 12/, despite the presence of a high concentration of unresolved defect clusters. Fracture toughness of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ was markedly increased, with the enhancement apparently attributable in large part to impedance of crack propagation by interaction with the irradiation-induced void lattice.

We present the design and construction of a sensitive pinhole camera for imaging suprathermal x-rays. Our device is a pinhole camera consisting of four filtered pinholes and microchannel plate electron multiplier for x-ray detection and signal amplification. We report successful imaging of 20, 45, 70, and 100 keV x-ray emissions from the fusion targets at our Novette laser facility. Such imaging reveals features of the transport of hot electrons and provides views deep inside the target.

As a part of an ongoing, EPRI-sponsored project whose aim is the quantification and reduction of fluence uncertainties in the pressure vessel of operating PWR's, this work describes the calculation of sensitivities necessary for the propagation of PWR core source distribution uncertainties to the flux spectrum at locations of interest (e.g., the cavity or T/4 pressure vessel locations) in the AN0l reactor. In this case standard perturbation theory requires an adjoint run to be made for each group flux since each group flux is a response. An alternate approach has been developed by Cacuci which should be more efficient than the standard approach although it has not yet been applied to a flux spectrum response.

The U.S. Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council was a multi-agency group charged with identifying and reducing barriers to geothermal energy development in the U.S. Many of the issues covered related to regulations for and progress in the leasing of Federal lands in the West for power development. The IGCC reports are important sources of historical information. Table 5 here shows competitive leasing of federal lands for geothermal uses, by state, for 1974-1976, and annually for 1977 through 1983. By the end of FY 1983, 972,492 acres were under competitive lease. Bonus bids collected from these sales totaled more than $77 million. (DJE 2005)

We have begun investigating the production of an XUV/soft x-ray laser, using our high-powered glass lasers as drivers. A major diagnostic for lasing is the measure of the absolute power produced in the lasing line. I have developed a spectrograph to time-resolved lasing lines in the energy range from 50 eV to greater than 200 eV. the spectrograph combines a transmission grating and x-ray streak camera to produce a flat field instrument. A cylindrical mirror is used in front of the grating to image the source and act as a collecting optic. The efficiency of the components is calibrated so that absolute intensities can be measured. I will compare the performance of this instrument with reflection grating systems. I will also discuss planned improvements to the system which should increase total throughput, image quality, and resolving power.

It is observed with the ETA electron beam propagating in air that the net current exceeds the beam current for pressures between 20 and 500 Torr. Microwave measurements indicate that this current enhancement is distinctly different than that associated with the two-stream instability at low pressure. Detailed measurements of its dependence on pressure, current, beam size, and propagation distance are given. A theory is proposed that attributes the additional forward current to energetic secondary electrons pushed forward by the beam self-magnetic field. Detailed comparison of measurements with the results of a non-local Boltzmann code are made.

Thermodynamic calculations have been made to compare the thermochemical performance of the fusion reactor breeder blanket materials, Li/sub 2/O, LiAlO/sub 2/, and Li/sub 4/SiO/sub 4/ in the temperature range 900 to 1300K and in the oxygen activity range 10/sup -25/ to 10/sup -5/. In general, LiAlO/sub 2/ offers advantages over Li/sub 2/O, and Li/sub 2/O in turn appears better than Li/sub 4/SiO/sub 4/. The protium purge technique of enhancing tritium release is explored for the LiAlO/sub 2/ system. Oxygen activity is an influential variable in these systems and must be considered in executing and interpreting measurements on rates of tritium release, the chemical form of the released tritium, diffusion of tritiated species and their identities, retention of tritium in the condensed phase, and solubility of hydrogen isotope gases. Surface adsorption is seen as a potentially significant contributor to tritium inventory.

We performed a study to determine the dynamic behavior of the Nova Target Chamber. We conducted a free vibration analysis to determine the natural frequencies of vibration and the corresponding modeshapes of the target chamber. Utilizing the free vibration results, we performed forced vibration analysis to predict the displacements of the chamber due to ambient vibration. The input support motion for the forced vibration analysis was defined by a white noise acceleration spectrum which was based on previous measurements of ground noise near the Nova site. A special purpose computer program was prepared to process the results of the forced vibration analysis. The program yields distances by which the lines of sight of the various laser beams miss the target as a result of ambient vibrations. We also performed additional estimates of miss distance to provide bounds on the results. A description of the finite element model of the chamber, the input spectrum, and the results of the analyses are included.

The feasibilities of two new separate techniques to control particle contamination in practical gas-insulated sytems were tested in a small-scale concentric cylinder geometry. In one technique an insulating coating was first formed on the particles in a contaminated system by low-pressure discharges in appropriate gases such as 1-C/sub 3/F/sub 6/ and c-C/sub 4/F/sub 8/. When SF/sub 6/ was subsequently introduced into the same system at practical pressure as the operating insulation, the considerable harm ordinarily caused by particles was found to be eliminated. The nature of the coating formed also on the electrodes in this process was studied, with the conclusion that the observed benefits were primarily due to coating on particles, not on electrodes. In the second technique the particles, moved randomly by electrical stress, struck and adhered to the surface of a tacky insulating solid material; they were subsequently encapsulated in a melt-resolidify cycle without electrical stress. This trapping technique was also found to eliminate the harmful effects of particles in SF/sub 6/ at practical pressure. A technique for producing a trapping material with temperature characteristics appropriate for practical apparatus was devised. The effect of particle contamination on the dielectric strength of SF/sub 6//N/sub 2/ mixtures was studied …

None

None

This report describes Coarse Aperture Study for the Window Frame Dipoles in RHIC.

Studies of laminar shocks based on ISEE observations of terrestrial bow shocks, simulation, and theory are presented.

This paper discusses biological effects associated with overexposure to ultrasound, exposure standards proposed for airborne and contact ultrasound, industrial hygiene controls that can be employed to minimize exposure, and the instrumentation that is required for evaluating exposures.

This note compilation talks about Aperture Requirements and Proton Performance in RHIC

The tandem high-density hydrogen negative-ion-source system is optimized to identify the largest possible ion concentrations and extracted ion currents. The optimization includes varying the length of the second chamber, varying neutral gas and electron densities, and varying the ratio of atomic to molecular density. Vibrational excitation occurs via high-energy electron excitation (E-V process) and H/sub 2//sup +/ surface neutralization (s-V process). These processes are considered separately and acting in parallel. The solutions are presented in terms of a dimensional scale factor, R. For a system scale length R = 1 cm, optimum extracted current densities are in the range 50 to 100 mA cm/sup -2/. A single-chamber s-V system with the high-energy electron component suppressed can provide larger ion concentrations than a tandem E-V, s-V system. 14 references, 10 figures.