In a laser system, the return current of a laser generated plasma is conducted near a target to subject that target to the magnetic field thereof. In alternate embodiments the target may be either a small non-fusion object for testing under the magnetic field or a laser-fusion pellet. In the laser-fusion embodiment, the laser-fusion pellet is irradiated during the return current flow and the intense transient magnetic field is used to control the hot electrons thereof to hinder them from striking and heating the core of the irradiated laser-fusion pellet.

A method and apparatus for electronically focusing and electronically scanning microscopic specimens are given. In the invention, visual images of even moving, living, opaque specimens can be acoustically obtained and viewed with virtually no time needed for processing (i.e., real time processing is used). And planar samples are not required. The specimens (if planar) need not be moved during scanning, although it will be desirable and possible to move or rotate nonplanar specimens (e.g., laser fusion targets) against the lens of the apparatus. No coupling fluid is needed, so specimens need not be wetted. A phase acoustic microscope is also made from the basic microscope components together with electronic mixers.

The objective of this study was to extend the working life of cutting fluids used in metal machining operations at LLNL. The characteristics of the fluids in nine different machines were studied. The pH, bacteria level, percent coolant concentrate, percent tramp oil, and total undissolved solids were monitored on a week-to-week basis for 6 weeks. During this time, the criteria and procedures used for changing the cutting fluids in the machines were also observed. Although the study is incomplete, the following recommendations were made. Cutting fluids should be diluted with deionized water and the concentration of the cutting fluid should be monitored regularly with a refractometer. A bactericide should be added to the cutting fluid. The machines should have a thorough initial cleaning and machine oil leaks should be eliminated. Only one cutting fluid should be used throughout the shop. Methods for removing metal particles from used cutting oils should be investigated. (LCL)

Optical coatings are used in lasers systems for fusion research to control beam propagation and reduce surface reflection losses. The performance of coatings is important in the design, reliability, energy output, and cost of the laser systems. Significant developments in coating technology are required for future lasers for fusion research and eventual power reactors.

Damage tests of Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5//SiO/sub 2/ antireflection films deposited under a variety of conditions showed that thresholds of films deposited at 175/sup 0/C were greater than thresholds of films deposited at either 250/sup 0/C or 325/sup 0/C. Deposition at high rate and low oxygen pressure produced highly absorptive films with low thresholds. Thresholds did not correlate with film reflectivity or net stress in the films, and correlated with film absorption only when the film absorption was greater than 10/sup 4/ ppM. Baking the films for four hours at 400/sup 0/C reduced film absorption, altered net film stress, and produced an increase in the average damage threshold.

Electrical loads connected to capitance elements in high voltage direct current systems are protected from damage by capacitance discharge overcurrents by connecting between the capacitance element and the load, a longitudinal inductor comprising a bifilar winding wound about a magnetic core, which forms an incomplete magnetic circuit. A diode is connected across a portion of the bifilar winding which conducts a unidirectional current only. Energy discharged from the capitance element is stored in the inductor and then dissipated in an L-R circuit including the diode and the coil winding. Multiple high voltage circuits having capacitance elements may be connected to loads through bifilar windings all wound about the aforementioned magnetic core.

An anticontamination device for use in storing shipping casks for radioactive materials comprises (1) a seal plate assembly; (2) a double-layer plastic bag; and (3) a water management system or means for water management.

Two primary irradiation-induced changes occur during neutron irradiation: the displacement of atoms forming crystal defects and the transmutation of atoms into either gaseous or solid products. The material scientist studying irradiation damage to material by fusion-produced neutrons is faced with several questions: Is the nature of high-energy (14-MeV) displacement damage the same as or different from that caused by fission neutrons (< 2 MeV). How do the high helium concentrations expected in a fusion environment affect the material properties. What effects do solid transmutation products have on the behavior of the irradiated materials. In the past few years, much work has been done to answer these questions. This paper reviews recent work in this area.

The radiation dose rates to man from uranium milling activities are discussed. The sources of radiation, the radioisotopes involved, and the environmental exposure pathways are described. Risks of cancer to exposed individuals are presented and recommendations made for mitigation of contamination. (ACR)

The Southwest Residential Experiment Station (SW RES) is operated in Las Cruces, New Mexico. Physical performance data obtained from the photovoltaic energy systems under test at the SW RES for the month of November 1981, are tabulated.

A nondestructive evaluation (NDE) program has been carried out using holographic interferometry, microradiography, and eddy current testing for the inspection of electron beam braze joining of dissimilar metals. Stainless steel tubing was joined to a gold-copper disk using a Cusil (copper/silver) brazing alloy. Holographic interferometry provided an indirect measure of strength by detecting the plastic deformation occurring as a result of applying a stress. Microradiography with the aid of computer graphics displays provided a means of measuring braze penetration into the stainless steel tube. Correlation of results with metallographic examination and microhardness measurements show that holography and microradiography each provide quantitative braze quality rankings. Each method correctly identified variations in braze quality independent of electron beam power (the only processing variable in sample fabrication). Eddy current results were consistent with the other NDE methods but appear to be based on variation in surface topography rather than electrical conductivity. The usefulness of the eddy current method for this problem is questionable due to its sensitivity to the small, complex test piece geometry.

This report addresses one of the possible uses of isotopic tracers, produced by laser-assisted iostope separation, in the investigation of pollution problems. Specifically, the use of laser-produced sulfur isotopes to analyze the acid rain situation is considered as it is a most important application of this technique. The proposed use of isotopically-labelled SO/sub 2/, in particular of /sup 36/SO/sub 2/, as a tracer can help elucidate the chemical and transport facets in a unified experiment. Separation of a sufficient quantity of the rare /sup 36/S isotope to perform several of these tracer studies appears to be practical and economical. This overall process is certainly deserving of further investigation.

A review of the MFTF physics and project status is given. (MOW)

Preliminary calculations at LLNL indicate that a Technology Demonstration Facility (TDF) consisting of a tandem mirror machine about the size of TMX could begin providing fusion nuclear engineering data as early as 1988. With high density operation based on physics already demonstrated in TMX, this machine would produce 12 MW of DT neutrons in steady-state from a plasma column 0.08 m in radius and 8 m in length. Allowing space for neutral beam injectors at each end of the column, this would permit testing of blanket modules and components at 1 MW/m/sup 2/ neutron wall load over a cylindrical surface 8 m/sup 2/ in area at a radius of 0.25 m; or one could irradiate thousands of small samples at 2 MW/m/sup 2/ at r = 0.125 m (4 m/sup 2/ area). With improved end-plug physics to be tested in TMX-Upgrade in 1982-83, the wall load at 0.25 m could be increased to 2 MW/m/sup 2/ (4 MW/m/sup 2/ at r = 0.125 m). Construction of the TDF could begin in FY84 and be completed in 4 to 5 years, at a cost roughly estimated as $700M in '81 dollars including engineering and 30% contingency.

While precision machining has been applied to the manufacture of optical components for a considerable period, the process has, in general, had its thinking restricted to producing only the accurate shapes required. The purpose of this paper is to show how optical components must be considered from an optical (functional) point of view and that the manufacturing process must be selected on that basis. To fill out this perspective, simplistic examples of how optical components are specified with respect to form and finish are given, a comparison between optical polishing and precision machining is made, and some thoughts on which technique should be selected for a specific application are presented. A short discussion of future trends related to accuracy, materials, and tools is included.

The required information and formats for the certification report including the cover sheet, compliance statement, and body of the report are given in this document. The body of the reports is different for each product. There are no product-to-product differences in the forms of the other parts of the reports. The products covered in this document include: furnaces, water heaters, refrigerator-freezers, central air conditioners, room air conditioners, and freezers.

A novel method for reducing the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pressure drops in the liquid metal flow in a heat pipe wick is described. By flattening the heat pipe, the eddy current return path in the metallic heat pipe wall is inreased significantly, thereby increasing the effective wall resistance. This, in turn, reduces the magnitude of the MHD pressure drop. The same principle can also be applied to flows of liquid metal coolants in a magnetic field.

An extensive amount of data were obtained from measurements of protonproton elastic scattering up to 5 GeV/c. We summarize physics learned from these data as well as other related experimental results.

The use of empirical pseudopotentials, in evaluating interatomic potentials, provides an inexpensive and convenient method for obtaining highly accurate potential curves and permits the modeling of core-valence correlation, and the inclusion of relativistic effects when these are significant. Recent calculations of the X/sup 1/..sigma../sup +/ and a/sup 3/..sigma../sup +/ states of LiH, NaH, KH, RbH, and CsH and the X/sup 2/..sigma../sup +/ states of their anions are discussed. Pseudopotentials, including core polarization terms, have been used to replace the core electrons, and this has been coupled with the development of compact, higly-optimized basis sets for the corresponding one- and two-electron atoms. Comparisons of the neutral potential curves with experiment and other ab initio calculations show good agreement (within 1000 cm/sup -1/ over most of the potential curves) with the difference curves being considerably more accurate. In the method of computer molecular dynamics, the force acting on each particle is the resultant of all interactions with other atoms in the neighborhood and is obtained as the derivative of an effective many-body potential. Exploiting the pseudopotential approach, in obtaining the appropriate potentials may be very fruitful in the future. In the molecular dynamics example considered here, the conventional sum-of-pairwise-interatomic-potentials (SPP) approximation is …

The objectives of Operation Poorman were to design and build a portable seismic system and to set up and use this system in a cold-weather environment. The equipment design uses current technology to achieve a low-power, lightweight system that is configured into three modules. The system was deployed in Alaska during wintertime, and the results provide a basis for specifying a mission-ready seismic verification system.

This report gives the preliminary results on work done to find a scintillator that is compatible with high-bandwidth, long-distance fiber-optic transmission. The requirements for such a scintillator are: (1) emission in the near-IR; (2) linear output over 2 to 3 decades of input excitation; (3) time response < 2 ns; and (4) immunity to radiation damage. The behavior of single crystal cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium selenide (CdSe) was examined under electron and laser excitation. Both crystals emit in the deep red, however, time response was found to be slower than 2 ns. Neither crystal exhibited good linearity over the entire range of input excitation.

This report discusses the ISABELLE Mark 6 radiation heating experiment and summarizes the work done by others. It concludes with recommendations for further work.

The shock-hardened new-concept safing, arming, and in-line fuzing system developed for US Air Force modular weapons is being advanced for the Tactical Airfield Attack Munition (TAAM) as an alternate fuzing system. The high power slapper detonator system is being reduced in volume by an approximate factor of 10 and the energy by a factor of 3. In addition, the fuze has the capability of functioning after many hours of delay to provide area-denial capabilities.

Molecular dynamics calculations are presented that address the extent of microscopic detail that can be deduced from macroscopic gauge measurements of shock propagation in condensed systems. Large asymmetrically shock-loaded lattices were simulated, varying the initial temperature and the strength of shock loading. Randomly-placed mass defects were introduced into the lattice, and the degradation of the shock front with the subsequent development of fracture and chunky spall were studied and compared with the coherent microscopic spall found for perfect lattices.