The development of equipment and processes to produce single crystal solar silicon by a continuous Czochralski method was studied. ''Continuous'' is defined as the ability to produce 100 kilograms of crystal from only one melt container. The equipment to be used is a Hamco CG2000 Production Crystal Grower. Certain modifications will be made to the grower to enable periodic replenishment of silicon into the crucible and removal of grown crystals. The crystal grower was constructed and installed in a separate room designated and prepared for the project. It was adapted with a modified throat, a vacuum-tight isolation valve, an enlarged pull chamber to hold a supply of poly material, and a modified automatic diameter control (ADC) optical system. It was fully tested and made ready for trial runs. Designs are under way for other modifications to the equipment, including a recharge system, a polysilicon attachment device, and a modified bead-chain pull mechanism capable of pulling and simultaneously weighing a 30 to 40 Kg growing crystal. An economic model was developed for batch CZ as a base-line reference, and for two methods of continuous CZ. Preliminary analysis indicates a cost (value added by crystal growth) of approximately $13 to $17 per …

The purpose of this report is to present a validation of a previously described kinetic model which was developed to predict the composition of chlorinated fresh water discharged from power plant cooling systems. The model was programmed in two versions: as a stand-alone program and as a part of a unified transport model developed from consistent mathematical models to simulate the dispersion of heated water and radioisotopic and chemical effluents from power plant discharges. The results of testing the model using analytical data taken during operation of the once-through cooling system of the Quad Cities Nuclear Station are described. Calculations are also presented on the Three Mile Island Nuclear Station which uses cooling towers.

The solution of a generalized Langevin equation is referred to as a stochastic process. If the external forcing function is Gaussian white noise, the forward Kolmogarov equation yields the transition probability density function. Nonlinear problems must be handled by approximation procedures e.g., perturbation theories, eigenfunction expansions, and nonlinear optimization procedures. After some comments on the first two of these, attention is directed to the third, and the method of statistical linearization is used to demonstrate a relation to the former two. Nonlinear stochastic systems exhibiting sustained or forced oscillations and the centered nonlinear Schroedinger equation in the presence of Gaussian white noise excitation are considered as examples. 5 figures, 2 tables. (RWR)

Separate abstracts were prepared for 13 sections of this report. A list is included of publications during the time period covered by this report.

Progress is reported on the following research projects: the effect of estrogen on platelet aggregability and thrombus formation; the antithrombotic effect of platelet inhibiting agents in a bench model of artificial kidney; the arrest of hemorrhage in severely alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients; and in vivo elution of /sup 51/Cr from labeled platelets induced by antibody. (HLW)

Ford, Bacon and Davis Utah Inc. has performed an engineering assessment of the problems resulting from the existence of radioactive uranium mill tailings at Shiprock, New Mexico. The Phase II, Title I services include the preparation of topographic maps, the performance of core drillings and radiometric measurements sufficient to determine areas and volumes of tailings and other radium-contaminated materials, the evaluation of resulting radiation exposures of individuals and nearby populations, the investigation of site hydrology and meteorology and the evaluation and costing of alternative corrective actions. Radon gas release from the 1.7 million tons of tailings at the Shiprock site constitutes the most significant environmental impact, although windblown tailings and external gamma radiation are also factors. The 11 alternative actions presented range from completion of the present ongoing EPA site decontamination plan (Option I), to stabilizing in-place with varying depths of cover material (Options II-IV), to removal to an isolated long-term disposal site (Options V-XI). All options include remedial action costs for off-site locations where tailings have been placed. Costs estimates for the 11 options range from $540,000 to $12,500,000. Reprocessing the tailings for uranium is not economically feasible.

Since the ASTM-E-45 standard for microcleanliness is not applicable to superalloys like JBK-75 stainless steel (Modified A-286), Rocky Flats should adopt the Ladish microcleanliness standard (APML Cleanliness Classification of High Temperature Alloys Chart, 1971), as a guide for setting material acceptance specifications for JBK-75. Inclusion ratings of S-2, N-2, C-2, and M-2 should be acceptable. The microstructure should have a grain size of 5 or finer, but not smaller than 9, and microsegregation (banding) should be kept to a minimum.

Ford, Bacon and Davis Utah Inc. has performed an engineering assessment of the problems resulting from the existence of radioactive uranium mill tailings at the Monument Valley millsite in Arizona. The Phase II, Title I services include the preparation of topographic maps, the performance of core drillings and radiometric measurements sufficient to determine areas and volumes of tailings and other radium-contaminated materials, the evaluation of resulting radiation exposures of individuals residing nearby, the investigation of site hydrology and meteorology and the evaluation and costing of alternative corrective actions. Radon gas release from the tailings on the site constitutes the most significant environmental impact, although windblown tailings and external gamma radiation are also factors. The sparse population and relatively low radiation levels yield minimal immediate environmental impact; hence, the two alternative actions presented are directed towards restricting access to the site (Options I and II), and returning the windblown tailings to the pile and stabilizing the pile with 2 ft of cover material (Option II). Both options include remedial action costs for offsite locations where tailings have been placed. Cost estimates for the two options are $585,000 and $1,165,000. Reprocessing the tailings for uranium is not economically feasible.

Collector subsystem research experiment (SRE) tests were conducted and the data evaluated. Assembly of the SRE steam generator was almost complete. Testing will start in January 1977. Two major changes in the baseline design, sensible thermal heat storage rather than phase-change storage and wet rather than dry cooling of the condenser, were being worked. Analytical and design work on the electrical generation subsystem and plant integration progressed satisfactorily.

A stress analysis was performed on the LOFT pressurizer surge line (hereafter called the surge line) to determine if it met the requirements of the ASME BPV Code Section III, for Class 1 components. Dead weight, thermal expansion, seismic, design LOCE and LOCA loads were considered. After the addition of restraints (specified in letter, HIK-12-75, ''LOFT Pipe Hanger Requirements on Main Feed, Main Steam, Pressurizer, and ECC Systems,'' Nov. 24, 1975) the primary and secondary stress levels were found to be acceptable.

The dynamic response of a confined thin layer of lead heated rapidly and uniformly to a supercritical state was investigated. Lead targets 0.025 mm and 0.05 mm thick were contained between a thin titanium tamping layer and a thick layer of fused quartz with several different gap widths between the lead and the confining surfaces. After being heated by an electron beam for about 50 ns, lead specimens expanded to a state of approximately half liquid and half vapor. Measurements of the stress in the quartz and the velocity of the tamper produced by the expanding lead were compared with one dimensional hydrodynamic computer program predictions. Measured and predicted peak stresses in the quartz for no gaps were approximately 12 kilobars and agreed within one kilobar. Peak stresses decreased rapidly with gap size to values, at 0.02 mm gaps, of about one kilobar for the 0.025 mm lead targets and five kilobars for the 0.05 mm targets. These values were confirmed by measurements. Predictions and measurements of tamper velocity (momentum) were within 10% only when the lead and confining walls were in close contact. The observed velocities for even very small gaps were substantially below predictions. These differences are attributed …

An engineering assessment was made of the problems resulting from the existence of radioactive uranium mill tailings at the Monument Valley millsite in Arizona. The Phase II, Title I services include the preparation of topographic maps, the performance of core drillings and radiometric measurements sufficient to determine areas and volumes of tailings and other radium-contaminated materials, the evaluation of resulting radiation exposures of individuals residing nearby, the investigation of site hydrology and meteorology and the evaluation and costing of alternative corrective actions. Radon gas release from the tailings on the site constitutes the most significant environmental impact, although windblown tailings and external gamma radiation are also factors. The sparse population and relatively low radiation levels yield minimal immediate environmental impact; hence, the two alternative actions presented are directed towards restricting access to the site and returning the windblown tailings to the pile and stabilizing the pile. Both options include remedial action costs for offsite locations where tailings have been placed. Cost estimates for the two options are $585,000 and $1,165,000.

The viscosity of chemically analyzed brines from the Salton Sea Geothermal Field was measured from 5 to 90/sup 0/C at 100 kPa. Data indicate that these multicomponent solutions are slightly more viscous than a 3.5 molal NaCl solution in this temperature interval.

The objectives of this research project are three-fold: To obtain data on the behavior of potentially toxic substances introduced into surface waters from nuclear power plants; To determine the impact magnitude of these substances on representative and economically important aquatic species; and To develop models with which to predict the partitioning of these substances among the abiotic aquatic compartments. Results are reported from investigations of copper partitioning in seawater, evaluating the toxicity of copper in representative marine organisms, and development of a mathematical model to predict copper partitioning.

The performance of Biso-coated thoria fuel particles during the in-block processing step of HTGR fuel element refabrication was evaluated. The effect of various process variables (heating rate, particle crushing strength, horizontal and/or vertical position in the fuel element blocks, and fuel hole permeability) on pitch coke yield, defective fraction of fuel particles, matrix structure, and matrix porosity was evaluated. Of the variables tested, only heating rate had a significant effect on pitch coke yield while both heating rate and particle crushing strength had a significant effect on defective fraction of fuel particles.

The institutional impediments to market penetration by fuel cells are briefly discussed including the following topics: (1) ownership of fuel cell and related franchise limitations; (2) backup arrangements; (3) economic effects; (4) fuel policy; (5) regulatory proceedings; and (6) competitive response. (WHK)

Estimates are developed of the energy consumption and energy intensity (EI) of five categories of U.S. pipeline industries: natural gas, crude oil, petroleum products, coal slurry, and water. For comparability with other transportation modes, it is desirable to calculate EI in Btu/Ton-Mile, and this is done, although the necessary unit conversions introduce additional uncertainties. Since water and sewer lines operate by lift and gravity, a comparable EI is not definable.

The basic objectives of the overall study were to (1) characterize the pipeline industry and understand its energy consumption in each of the five major pipeline-industry segments: gas, oil, slurry, fresh water, and waste water; (2) identify opportunities for energy conservation in the pipeline industry, and to recommend the necessary R, D, and D programs to exploit those opportunities; (3) characterize and understand the influence of the Federal government on introduction of energy conservative innovations into the pipeline industry; and (4) assess the future potential of the pipeline industry for growth and for contribution to the national goal of energy conservation. This project final report is an executive summary presenting the results from the seven task reports.

The basic objectives of the study were to: characterize the pipeline industry and understand its energy consumption, i.e., the patterns of consumption and the quantities and intensities of that consumption in each of the five major pipeline industry segments: gas, oil, slurry, fresh water, and waste water; characterize and understand the influence of the Federal Government on the introduction of energy-conservative innovations into the pipeline industry; identify opportunities for energy conservation in the pipeline industry, and to recommend the necessary programs of research, development, and demonstration to exploit those opportunities; and assess the future potential of the pipeline industry for growth and for contribution to the national goal of energy conservation, including consideration of freight pipelines. Pipelines for crude oil, natural gas, petroleum products, water, coal slurries, and for the pneumatic transport of solids are considered. Information is included on: energy consumption for pipeline transport; energy efficient pumping equipment; methods for reducing drag in pipelines; government regulations related to pipelines; environmental aspects of pipeline transport; and the economic outlook and growth of the pipeline industry. (LCL)

The following are discussed: each of the three candidate industries (preserved fruits and vegetables, sugar and confectionary products, and chemicals) and how they were chosen; other industries that might use geothermal brine in their evaporation/crystallization operations; contacts made with people in these industries, and with manufacturers of evaporators and crystallizers; modifications made in the evaporator heat and material balance computer program; and work being done on well/pipeline economics and the information available for this analysis. (MHR)

Estimates are developed of the energy consumption and energy intensity (EI) of five categories of US pipeline industries: natural gas, crude oil, petroleum products, coal slurry, and water. For comparability with other transportation modes, it is desirable to calculate EI in Btu/Ton-Mile, and this is done, although the necessary unit conversions introduce additional uncertainties. Since water and sewer lines operate by lift and gravity, a comparable EI is not definable.

The principal purposes of this report are to identify the jurisdiction areas of the federal pipeline regulating agencies, and to examine the amenability of the regulatory system to the introduction of energy-conservative new technology into the pipeline industry. The history, scope, and agency structure of state and federal regulation are recounted and some gaps, overlaps, and ambiguities are identified. The only significant inhibitory effects upon technological innovation are found to derive from the FPC and ICC limits upon profit, the 1941 Justice Department consent decree limiting dividends to shipper-owned pipelines, and the income tax rules governing recovery of investment credits and startup losses. Effects of these limits are explored by simulation studies using the Systems, Science and Software pipeline economic model (PEM). Two new concepts of regulation are proposed which would neutralize the inhibitory effect of the present regulatory system and would motivate pipeline operators to conserve energy: one, the use of a national equivalent value in the economic trade-off analyses which justify entry of a technological innovation into the rate base (valuation); and two, a valuation allowance which would reverse the presently often-existing situation and insure that the pipeline operator would realize a greater profit from saving energy than …

Progress is reported for a program whose goals are to demonstrate an experimental Upgraded gas turbine powered automobile which meets the 1978 Federal Emissions Standards, has significantly improved fuel economy, and is competitive in performance, reliability, and potential manufacturing cost with the conventional piston engine powered, compact-size American automobile. Activity during this twentieth program quarter has continued to emphasize development towards correcting power deficiency in the Upgraded Engine. Though no absolute improvements have been realized in this quarter, ssignificant progress has been made in identifying causes, appropriately adjusting original design constraints, and proceeding with corrective designs. Specifically, to reduce endwall and secondary flow losses, a new low velocity compressor turbine inlet duct, and blading both with an increased height and lighter loading is being designed. A large increase in the power turbine annulus is being used to significantly lower blade Mach number and leaving loss. Progress is also being made in uniforming regenerator flow for better heat recovery, and in the development of control system components. A Public Interest Car has been built and has proved effective in communicating overall program benefits and goals. In the area of advanced engine development, work is now underway towards processing sintered alpha silicon …

Separate abstracts have been prepared for different sections of the report. (TFD)